diff --git a/apex/ld.config.txt b/apex/ld.config.txt
index a5937fd..af8ec06 100644
--- a/apex/ld.config.txt
+++ b/apex/ld.config.txt
@@ -37,9 +37,11 @@
 
 namespace.platform.isolated = true
 
-namespace.platform.search.paths = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.platform.search.paths  = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.platform.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
 namespace.platform.asan.search.paths  = /data/asan/system/${LIB}
 namespace.platform.asan.search.paths +=           /system/${LIB}
+namespace.platform.asan.search.paths += /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
 
 # /system/lib/libc.so, etc are symlinks to /apex/com.android.lib/lib/bionic/libc.so, etc.
 # Add /apex/... pat to the permitted paths because linker uses realpath(3)
diff --git a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraDevice.h b/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraDevice.h
index 0b882ee..7fc699e 100644
--- a/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraDevice.h
+++ b/camera/ndk/ndk_vendor/impl/ACameraDevice.h
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@
 
   private:
     friend ACameraCaptureSession;
+    friend ACameraDevice;
 
     camera_status_t checkCameraClosedOrErrorLocked() const;
 
@@ -388,7 +389,6 @@
             mDevice(new android::acam::CameraDevice(id, cb, std::move(chars), this)) {}
 
     ~ACameraDevice();
-
     /*******************
      * NDK public APIs *
      *******************/
diff --git a/media/bufferpool/1.0/AccessorImpl.cpp b/media/bufferpool/1.0/AccessorImpl.cpp
index fa17f15..a5366f6 100644
--- a/media/bufferpool/1.0/AccessorImpl.cpp
+++ b/media/bufferpool/1.0/AccessorImpl.cpp
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@
                 newConnection->initialize(accessor, id);
                 *connection = newConnection;
                 *pConnectionId = id;
+                mBufferPool.mConnectionIds.insert(id);
                 ++sSeqId;
             }
         }
@@ -305,7 +306,12 @@
         found->second->mSenderValidated = true;
         return true;
     }
-    // TODO: verify there is target connection Id
+    if (mConnectionIds.find(message.targetConnectionId) == mConnectionIds.end()) {
+        // N.B: it could be fake or receive connection already closed.
+        ALOGD("bufferpool %p receiver connection %lld is no longer valid",
+              this, (long long)message.targetConnectionId);
+        return false;
+    }
     mStats.onBufferSent();
     mTransactions.insert(std::make_pair(
             message.transactionId,
@@ -450,6 +456,7 @@
             }
         }
     }
+    mConnectionIds.erase(connectionId);
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/media/bufferpool/1.0/AccessorImpl.h b/media/bufferpool/1.0/AccessorImpl.h
index c04dbf3..84cb685 100644
--- a/media/bufferpool/1.0/AccessorImpl.h
+++ b/media/bufferpool/1.0/AccessorImpl.h
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@
 
         std::map<BufferId, std::unique_ptr<InternalBuffer>> mBuffers;
         std::set<BufferId> mFreeBuffers;
+        std::set<ConnectionId> mConnectionIds;
 
         /// Buffer pool statistics which tracks allocation and transfer statistics.
         struct Stats {
diff --git a/media/bufferpool/2.0/AccessorImpl.cpp b/media/bufferpool/2.0/AccessorImpl.cpp
index 94cf006..cacd465 100644
--- a/media/bufferpool/2.0/AccessorImpl.cpp
+++ b/media/bufferpool/2.0/AccessorImpl.cpp
@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@
                 *connection = newConnection;
                 *pConnectionId = id;
                 *pMsgId = mBufferPool.mInvalidation.mInvalidationId;
+                mBufferPool.mConnectionIds.insert(id);
                 mBufferPool.mInvalidationChannel.getDesc(invDescPtr);
                 mBufferPool.mInvalidation.onConnect(id, observer);
                 ++sSeqId;
@@ -474,7 +475,12 @@
         found->second->mSenderValidated = true;
         return true;
     }
-    // TODO: verify there is target connection Id
+    if (mConnectionIds.find(message.targetConnectionId) == mConnectionIds.end()) {
+        // N.B: it could be fake or receive connection already closed.
+        ALOGD("bufferpool2 %p receiver connection %lld is no longer valid",
+              this, (long long)message.targetConnectionId);
+        return false;
+    }
     mStats.onBufferSent();
     mTransactions.insert(std::make_pair(
             message.transactionId,
@@ -644,6 +650,7 @@
             }
         }
     }
+    mConnectionIds.erase(connectionId);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -774,11 +781,19 @@
             std::mutex &mutex,
             std::condition_variable &cv,
             bool &ready) {
+    constexpr uint32_t NUM_SPIN_TO_INCREASE_SLEEP = 1024;
+    constexpr uint32_t NUM_SPIN_TO_LOG = 1024*8;
+    constexpr useconds_t MAX_SLEEP_US = 10000;
+    uint32_t numSpin = 0;
+    useconds_t sleepUs = 1;
+
     while(true) {
         std::map<uint32_t, const std::weak_ptr<Accessor::Impl>> copied;
         {
             std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
             if (!ready) {
+                numSpin = 0;
+                sleepUs = 1;
                 cv.wait(lock);
             }
             copied.insert(accessors.begin(), accessors.end());
@@ -800,9 +815,20 @@
             if (accessors.size() == 0) {
                 ready = false;
             } else {
-                // prevent draining cpu.
+                // TODO Use an efficient way to wait over FMQ.
+                // N.B. Since there is not a efficient way to wait over FMQ,
+                // polling over the FMQ is the current way to prevent draining
+                // CPU.
                 lock.unlock();
-                std::this_thread::yield();
+                ++numSpin;
+                if (numSpin % NUM_SPIN_TO_INCREASE_SLEEP == 0 &&
+                    sleepUs < MAX_SLEEP_US) {
+                    sleepUs *= 10;
+                }
+                if (numSpin % NUM_SPIN_TO_LOG == 0) {
+                    ALOGW("invalidator thread spinning");
+                }
+                ::usleep(sleepUs);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/media/bufferpool/2.0/AccessorImpl.h b/media/bufferpool/2.0/AccessorImpl.h
index eea72b9..807e0f1 100644
--- a/media/bufferpool/2.0/AccessorImpl.h
+++ b/media/bufferpool/2.0/AccessorImpl.h
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@
 
         std::map<BufferId, std::unique_ptr<InternalBuffer>> mBuffers;
         std::set<BufferId> mFreeBuffers;
+        std::set<ConnectionId> mConnectionIds;
 
         struct Invalidation {
             static std::atomic<std::uint32_t> sInvSeqId;
diff --git a/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.cpp b/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.cpp
index 8e3852c..1dc676b 100644
--- a/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.cpp
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
       mSentCodecSpecificData(false),
       mInputTimeSet(false),
       mInputSize(0),
-      mInputTimeUs(0),
+      mNextFrameTimestampUs(0),
       mSignalledError(false),
       mOutIndex(0u) {
 }
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@
     mSentCodecSpecificData = false;
     mInputTimeSet = false;
     mInputSize = 0u;
-    mInputTimeUs = 0;
+    mNextFrameTimestampUs = 0;
     mSignalledError = false;
     return C2_OK;
 }
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@
     mSentCodecSpecificData = false;
     mInputTimeSet = false;
     mInputSize = 0u;
-    mInputTimeUs = 0;
+    mNextFrameTimestampUs = 0;
     return C2_OK;
 }
 
@@ -365,17 +365,18 @@
         capacity = view.capacity();
     }
     if (!mInputTimeSet && capacity > 0) {
-        mInputTimeUs = work->input.ordinal.timestamp;
+        mNextFrameTimestampUs = work->input.ordinal.timestamp;
         mInputTimeSet = true;
     }
 
     size_t numFrames = (capacity + mInputSize + (eos ? mNumBytesPerInputFrame - 1 : 0))
             / mNumBytesPerInputFrame;
-    ALOGV("capacity = %zu; mInputSize = %zu; numFrames = %zu mNumBytesPerInputFrame = %u",
-          capacity, mInputSize, numFrames, mNumBytesPerInputFrame);
+    ALOGV("capacity = %zu; mInputSize = %zu; numFrames = %zu "
+          "mNumBytesPerInputFrame = %u inputTS = %lld",
+          capacity, mInputSize, numFrames,
+          mNumBytesPerInputFrame, work->input.ordinal.timestamp.peekll());
 
     std::shared_ptr<C2LinearBlock> block;
-    std::shared_ptr<C2Buffer> buffer;
     std::unique_ptr<C2WriteView> wView;
     uint8_t *outPtr = temp;
     size_t outAvailable = 0u;
@@ -442,7 +443,11 @@
         const std::shared_ptr<C2Buffer> mBuffer;
     };
 
-    C2WorkOrdinalStruct outOrdinal = work->input.ordinal;
+    struct OutputBuffer {
+        std::shared_ptr<C2Buffer> buffer;
+        c2_cntr64_t timestampUs;
+    };
+    std::list<OutputBuffer> outputBuffers;
 
     while (encoderErr == AACENC_OK && inargs.numInSamples > 0) {
         if (numFrames && !block) {
@@ -473,29 +478,22 @@
                                   &outargs);
 
         if (encoderErr == AACENC_OK) {
-            if (buffer) {
-                outOrdinal.frameIndex = mOutIndex++;
-                outOrdinal.timestamp = mInputTimeUs;
-                cloneAndSend(
-                        inputIndex,
-                        work,
-                        FillWork(C2FrameData::FLAG_INCOMPLETE, outOrdinal, buffer));
-                buffer.reset();
-            }
-
             if (outargs.numOutBytes > 0) {
                 mInputSize = 0;
                 int consumed = (capacity / sizeof(int16_t)) - inargs.numInSamples
                         + outargs.numInSamples;
-                mInputTimeUs = work->input.ordinal.timestamp
+                c2_cntr64_t currentFrameTimestampUs = mNextFrameTimestampUs;
+                mNextFrameTimestampUs = work->input.ordinal.timestamp
                         + (consumed * 1000000ll / channelCount / sampleRate);
-                buffer = createLinearBuffer(block, 0, outargs.numOutBytes);
+                std::shared_ptr<C2Buffer> buffer = createLinearBuffer(block, 0, outargs.numOutBytes);
 #if defined(LOG_NDEBUG) && !LOG_NDEBUG
                 hexdump(outPtr, std::min(outargs.numOutBytes, 256));
 #endif
                 outPtr = temp;
                 outAvailable = 0;
                 block.reset();
+
+                outputBuffers.push_back({buffer, currentFrameTimestampUs});
             } else {
                 mInputSize += outargs.numInSamples * sizeof(int16_t);
             }
@@ -506,8 +504,9 @@
                 inargs.numInSamples -= outargs.numInSamples;
             }
         }
-        ALOGV("encoderErr = %d mInputSize = %zu inargs.numInSamples = %d, mInputTimeUs = %lld",
-              encoderErr, mInputSize, inargs.numInSamples, mInputTimeUs.peekll());
+        ALOGV("encoderErr = %d mInputSize = %zu "
+              "inargs.numInSamples = %d, mNextFrameTimestampUs = %lld",
+              encoderErr, mInputSize, inargs.numInSamples, mNextFrameTimestampUs.peekll());
     }
 
     if (eos && inBufferSize[0] > 0) {
@@ -542,10 +541,27 @@
                            &outargs);
     }
 
-    outOrdinal.frameIndex = mOutIndex++;
-    outOrdinal.timestamp = mInputTimeUs;
+    while (outputBuffers.size() > 1) {
+        const OutputBuffer& front = outputBuffers.front();
+        C2WorkOrdinalStruct ordinal = work->input.ordinal;
+        ordinal.frameIndex = mOutIndex++;
+        ordinal.timestamp = front.timestampUs;
+        cloneAndSend(
+                inputIndex,
+                work,
+                FillWork(C2FrameData::FLAG_INCOMPLETE, ordinal, front.buffer));
+        outputBuffers.pop_front();
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<C2Buffer> buffer;
+    C2WorkOrdinalStruct ordinal = work->input.ordinal;
+    ordinal.frameIndex = mOutIndex++;
+    if (!outputBuffers.empty()) {
+        ordinal.timestamp = outputBuffers.front().timestampUs;
+        buffer = outputBuffers.front().buffer;
+    }
+    // Mark the end of frame
     FillWork((C2FrameData::flags_t)(eos ? C2FrameData::FLAG_END_OF_STREAM : 0),
-             outOrdinal, buffer)(work);
+             ordinal, buffer)(work);
 }
 
 c2_status_t C2SoftAacEnc::drain(
@@ -569,7 +585,7 @@
     mSentCodecSpecificData = false;
     mInputTimeSet = false;
     mInputSize = 0u;
-    mInputTimeUs = 0;
+    mNextFrameTimestampUs = 0;
 
     // TODO: we don't have any pending work at this time to drain.
     return C2_OK;
diff --git a/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.h b/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.h
index a38be19..2655039 100644
--- a/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.h
+++ b/media/codec2/components/aac/C2SoftAacEnc.h
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
     bool mSentCodecSpecificData;
     bool mInputTimeSet;
     size_t mInputSize;
-    c2_cntr64_t mInputTimeUs;
+    c2_cntr64_t mNextFrameTimestampUs;
 
     bool mSignalledError;
     std::atomic_uint64_t mOutIndex;
diff --git a/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodec.cpp b/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodec.cpp
index 9d1cc60..8223273 100644
--- a/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodec.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodec.cpp
@@ -375,7 +375,11 @@
 
         // consumer usage is queried earlier.
 
-        ALOGD("ISConfig%s", status.str().c_str());
+        if (status.str().empty()) {
+            ALOGD("ISConfig not changed");
+        } else {
+            ALOGD("ISConfig%s", status.str().c_str());
+        }
         return err;
     }
 
diff --git a/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecBufferChannel.cpp b/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecBufferChannel.cpp
index 8308292..0cbf62b 100644
--- a/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecBufferChannel.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecBufferChannel.cpp
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
       mFirstValidFrameIndex(0u),
       mMetaMode(MODE_NONE),
       mInputMetEos(false) {
-    mOutputSurface.lock()->maxDequeueBuffers = kSmoothnessFactor + kRenderingDepth;
+    mOutputSurface.lock()->maxDequeueBuffers = 2 * kSmoothnessFactor + kRenderingDepth;
     {
         Mutexed<Input>::Locked input(mInput);
         input->buffers.reset(new DummyInputBuffers(""));
@@ -948,7 +948,8 @@
         uint32_t outputGeneration;
         {
             Mutexed<OutputSurface>::Locked output(mOutputSurface);
-            output->maxDequeueBuffers = numOutputSlots + reorderDepth.value + kRenderingDepth;
+            output->maxDequeueBuffers = numOutputSlots + numInputSlots +
+                    reorderDepth.value + kRenderingDepth;
             outputSurface = output->surface ?
                     output->surface->getIGraphicBufferProducer() : nullptr;
             if (outputSurface) {
@@ -1332,9 +1333,10 @@
                     ALOGV("[%s] onWorkDone: updated reorder depth to %u",
                           mName, reorderDepth.value);
                     size_t numOutputSlots = mOutput.lock()->numSlots;
+                    size_t numInputSlots = mInput.lock()->numSlots;
                     Mutexed<OutputSurface>::Locked output(mOutputSurface);
-                    output->maxDequeueBuffers =
-                        numOutputSlots + reorderDepth.value + kRenderingDepth;
+                    output->maxDequeueBuffers = numOutputSlots + numInputSlots +
+                            reorderDepth.value + kRenderingDepth;
                     if (output->surface) {
                         output->surface->setMaxDequeuedBufferCount(output->maxDequeueBuffers);
                     }
@@ -1382,6 +1384,7 @@
 
                         bool outputBuffersChanged = false;
                         size_t numOutputSlots = 0;
+                        size_t numInputSlots = mInput.lock()->numSlots;
                         {
                             Mutexed<Output>::Locked output(mOutput);
                             output->outputDelay = outputDelay.value;
@@ -1406,7 +1409,8 @@
 
                         uint32_t depth = mReorderStash.lock()->depth();
                         Mutexed<OutputSurface>::Locked output(mOutputSurface);
-                        output->maxDequeueBuffers = numOutputSlots + depth + kRenderingDepth;
+                        output->maxDequeueBuffers = numOutputSlots + numInputSlots +
+                                depth + kRenderingDepth;
                         if (output->surface) {
                             output->surface->setMaxDequeuedBufferCount(output->maxDequeueBuffers);
                         }
diff --git a/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecConfig.cpp b/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecConfig.cpp
index 1cfdc19..5adcd94 100644
--- a/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecConfig.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecConfig.cpp
@@ -235,7 +235,10 @@
     const std::vector<ConfigMapper> &getConfigMappersForSdkKey(std::string key) const {
         auto it = mConfigMappers.find(key);
         if (it == mConfigMappers.end()) {
-            ALOGD("no c2 equivalents for %s", key.c_str());
+            if (mComplained.count(key) == 0) {
+                ALOGD("no c2 equivalents for %s", key.c_str());
+                mComplained.insert(key);
+            }
             return NO_MAPPERS;
         }
         ALOGV("found %zu eqs for %s", it->second.size(), key.c_str());
@@ -304,6 +307,7 @@
 
 private:
     std::map<SdkKey, std::vector<ConfigMapper>> mConfigMappers;
+    mutable std::set<std::string> mComplained;
 };
 
 const std::vector<ConfigMapper> StandardParams::NO_MAPPERS;
@@ -508,7 +512,8 @@
                .limitTo(D::ENCODER & D::VIDEO));
     // convert to timestamp base
     add(ConfigMapper(KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL, C2_PARAMKEY_SYNC_FRAME_INTERVAL, "value")
-        .withMappers([](C2Value v) -> C2Value {
+        .limitTo(D::VIDEO & D::ENCODER & D::CONFIG)
+        .withMapper([](C2Value v) -> C2Value {
             // convert from i32 to float
             int32_t i32Value;
             float fpValue;
@@ -518,12 +523,6 @@
                 return int64_t(c2_min(1000000 * fpValue + 0.5, (double)INT64_MAX));
             }
             return C2Value();
-        }, [](C2Value v) -> C2Value {
-            int64_t i64;
-            if (v.get(&i64)) {
-                return float(i64) / 1000000;
-            }
-            return C2Value();
         }));
     // remove when codecs switch to proper coding.gop (add support for calculating gop)
     deprecated(ConfigMapper("i-frame-period", "coding.gop", "intra-period")
@@ -1033,7 +1032,25 @@
     }
 
     ReflectedParamUpdater::Dict reflected = mParamUpdater->getParams(paramPointers);
-    ALOGD("c2 config is %s", reflected.debugString().c_str());
+    std::string config = reflected.debugString();
+    std::set<std::string> configLines;
+    std::string diff;
+    for (size_t start = 0; start != std::string::npos; ) {
+        size_t end = config.find('\n', start);
+        size_t count = (end == std::string::npos)
+                ? std::string::npos
+                : end - start + 1;
+        std::string line = config.substr(start, count);
+        configLines.insert(line);
+        if (mLastConfig.count(line) == 0) {
+            diff.append(line);
+        }
+        start = (end == std::string::npos) ? std::string::npos : end + 1;
+    }
+    if (!diff.empty()) {
+        ALOGD("c2 config diff is %s", diff.c_str());
+    }
+    mLastConfig.swap(configLines);
 
     bool changed = false;
     if (domain & mInputDomain) {
diff --git a/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecConfig.h b/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecConfig.h
index 3bafe3f..a61c8b7 100644
--- a/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecConfig.h
+++ b/media/codec2/sfplugin/CCodecConfig.h
@@ -134,6 +134,8 @@
     /// For now support a validation function.
     std::map<C2Param::Index, LocalParamValidator> mLocalParams;
 
+    std::set<std::string> mLastConfig;
+
     CCodecConfig();
 
     /// initializes the members required to manage the format: descriptors, reflector,
diff --git a/media/codec2/sfplugin/PipelineWatcher.cpp b/media/codec2/sfplugin/PipelineWatcher.cpp
index 74d14e8..0ee9056 100644
--- a/media/codec2/sfplugin/PipelineWatcher.cpp
+++ b/media/codec2/sfplugin/PipelineWatcher.cpp
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
               std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(elapsed).count());
         durations.push_back(elapsed);
     }
-    std::nth_element(durations.begin(), durations.end(), durations.begin() + n,
+    std::nth_element(durations.begin(), durations.begin() + n, durations.end(),
                      std::greater<Clock::duration>());
     return durations[n];
 }
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.cpp
index 52eadd4..fb276c2 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternal.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include "binding/AAudioStreamConfiguration.h"
 #include "binding/IAAudioService.h"
 #include "binding/AAudioServiceMessage.h"
+#include "core/AudioGlobal.h"
 #include "core/AudioStreamBuilder.h"
 #include "fifo/FifoBuffer.h"
 #include "utility/AudioClock.h"
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalCapture.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalCapture.cpp
index a6cc45b..366cc87 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalCapture.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/AudioStreamInternalCapture.cpp
@@ -89,7 +89,11 @@
     if (mAudioEndpoint.isFreeRunning()) {
         //ALOGD("AudioStreamInternalCapture::processDataNow() - update remote counter");
         // Update data queue based on the timing model.
-        int64_t estimatedRemoteCounter = mClockModel.convertTimeToPosition(currentNanoTime);
+        // Jitter in the DSP can cause late writes to the FIFO.
+        // This might be caused by resampling.
+        // We want to read the FIFO after the latest possible time
+        // that the DSP could have written the data.
+        int64_t estimatedRemoteCounter = mClockModel.convertLatestTimeToPosition(currentNanoTime);
         // TODO refactor, maybe use setRemoteCounter()
         mAudioEndpoint.setDataWriteCounter(estimatedRemoteCounter);
     }
@@ -139,7 +143,7 @@
                 // the writeCounter might have just advanced in the background,
                 // causing us to sleep until a later burst.
                 int64_t nextPosition = mAudioEndpoint.getDataReadCounter() + mFramesPerBurst;
-                wakeTime = mClockModel.convertPositionToTime(nextPosition);
+                wakeTime = mClockModel.convertPositionToLatestTime(nextPosition);
             }
                 break;
             default:
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/IsochronousClockModel.cpp b/media/libaaudio/src/client/IsochronousClockModel.cpp
index 747d0e1..9abdf53 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/IsochronousClockModel.cpp
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/IsochronousClockModel.cpp
@@ -19,12 +19,11 @@
 #include <log/log.h>
 
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <algorithm>
 
 #include "utility/AudioClock.h"
 #include "IsochronousClockModel.h"
 
-#define MIN_LATENESS_NANOS (10 * AAUDIO_NANOS_PER_MICROSECOND)
-
 using namespace aaudio;
 
 IsochronousClockModel::IsochronousClockModel()
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@
         , mMarkerNanoTime(0)
         , mSampleRate(48000)
         , mFramesPerBurst(64)
-        , mMaxLatenessInNanos(0)
+        , mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos(0)
         , mState(STATE_STOPPED)
 {
 }
@@ -41,8 +40,7 @@
 }
 
 void IsochronousClockModel::setPositionAndTime(int64_t framePosition, int64_t nanoTime) {
-    ALOGV("setPositionAndTime(%lld, %lld)",
-          (long long) framePosition, (long long) nanoTime);
+    ALOGV("setPositionAndTime, %lld, %lld", (long long) framePosition, (long long) nanoTime);
     mMarkerFramePosition = framePosition;
     mMarkerNanoTime = nanoTime;
 }
@@ -54,7 +52,9 @@
 }
 
 void IsochronousClockModel::stop(int64_t nanoTime) {
-    ALOGV("stop(nanos = %lld)\n", (long long) nanoTime);
+    ALOGD("stop(nanos = %lld) max lateness = %d micros\n",
+        (long long) nanoTime,
+        (int) (mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos / 1000));
     setPositionAndTime(convertTimeToPosition(nanoTime), nanoTime);
     // TODO should we set position?
     mState = STATE_STOPPED;
@@ -69,9 +69,10 @@
 }
 
 void IsochronousClockModel::processTimestamp(int64_t framePosition, int64_t nanoTime) {
-//    ALOGD("processTimestamp() - framePosition = %lld at nanoTime %llu",
-//         (long long)framePosition,
-//         (long long)nanoTime);
+    mTimestampCount++;
+// Log position and time in CSV format so we can import it easily into spreadsheets.
+    //ALOGD("%s() CSV, %d, %lld, %lld", __func__,
+          //mTimestampCount, (long long)framePosition, (long long)nanoTime);
     int64_t framesDelta = framePosition - mMarkerFramePosition;
     int64_t nanosDelta = nanoTime - mMarkerNanoTime;
     if (nanosDelta < 1000) {
@@ -108,17 +109,56 @@
     case STATE_RUNNING:
         if (nanosDelta < expectedNanosDelta) {
             // Earlier than expected timestamp.
-            // This data is probably more accurate so use it.
-            // or we may be drifting due to a slow HW clock.
-//            ALOGD("processTimestamp() - STATE_RUNNING - %d < %d micros - EARLY",
-//                 (int) (nanosDelta / 1000), (int)(expectedNanosDelta / 1000));
+            // This data is probably more accurate, so use it.
+            // Or we may be drifting due to a fast HW clock.
+            //int microsDelta = (int) (nanosDelta / 1000);
+            //int expectedMicrosDelta = (int) (expectedNanosDelta / 1000);
+            //ALOGD("%s() - STATE_RUNNING - #%d, %4d micros EARLY",
+                //__func__, mTimestampCount, expectedMicrosDelta - microsDelta);
+
             setPositionAndTime(framePosition, nanoTime);
-        } else if (nanosDelta > (expectedNanosDelta + mMaxLatenessInNanos)) {
-            // Later than expected timestamp.
-//            ALOGD("processTimestamp() - STATE_RUNNING - %d > %d + %d micros - LATE",
-//                 (int) (nanosDelta / 1000), (int)(expectedNanosDelta / 1000),
-//                 (int) (mMaxLatenessInNanos / 1000));
-            setPositionAndTime(framePosition - mFramesPerBurst,  nanoTime - mMaxLatenessInNanos);
+        } else if (nanosDelta > (expectedNanosDelta + (2 * mBurstPeriodNanos))) {
+            // In this case we do not update mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos because it
+            // would force it too high.
+            // mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos should range from 1 to 2 * mBurstPeriodNanos
+            //int32_t measuredLatenessNanos = (int32_t)(nanosDelta - expectedNanosDelta);
+            //ALOGD("%s() - STATE_RUNNING - #%d, lateness %d - max %d = %4d micros VERY LATE",
+                  //__func__,
+                  //mTimestampCount,
+                  //measuredLatenessNanos / 1000,
+                  //mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos / 1000,
+                  //(measuredLatenessNanos - mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos) / 1000
+                  //);
+
+            // This typically happens when we are modelling a service instead of a DSP.
+            setPositionAndTime(framePosition,  nanoTime - (2 * mBurstPeriodNanos));
+        } else if (nanosDelta > (expectedNanosDelta + mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos)) {
+            //int32_t previousLatenessNanos = mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos;
+            mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos = (int32_t)(nanosDelta - expectedNanosDelta);
+
+            //ALOGD("%s() - STATE_RUNNING - #%d, newmax %d - oldmax %d = %4d micros LATE",
+                  //__func__,
+                  //mTimestampCount,
+                  //mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos / 1000,
+                  //previousLatenessNanos / 1000,
+                  //(mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos - previousLatenessNanos) / 1000
+                  //);
+
+            // When we are late, it may be because of preemption in the kernel,
+            // or timing jitter caused by resampling in the DSP,
+            // or we may be drifting due to a slow HW clock.
+            // We add slight drift value just in case there is actual long term drift
+            // forward caused by a slower clock.
+            // If the clock is faster than the model will get pushed earlier
+            // by the code in the preceding branch.
+            // The two opposing forces should allow the model to track the real clock
+            // over a long time.
+            int64_t driftingTime = mMarkerNanoTime + expectedNanosDelta + kDriftNanos;
+            setPositionAndTime(framePosition,  driftingTime);
+            //ALOGD("%s() - #%d, max lateness = %d micros",
+                  //__func__,
+                  //mTimestampCount,
+                  //(int) (mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos / 1000));
         }
         break;
     default:
@@ -138,9 +178,12 @@
     update();
 }
 
+// Update expected lateness based on sampleRate and framesPerBurst
 void IsochronousClockModel::update() {
-    int64_t nanosLate = convertDeltaPositionToTime(mFramesPerBurst); // uses mSampleRate
-    mMaxLatenessInNanos = (nanosLate > MIN_LATENESS_NANOS) ? nanosLate : MIN_LATENESS_NANOS;
+    mBurstPeriodNanos = convertDeltaPositionToTime(mFramesPerBurst); // uses mSampleRate
+    // Timestamps may be late by up to a burst because we are randomly sampling the time period
+    // after the DSP position is actually updated.
+    mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos = mBurstPeriodNanos;
 }
 
 int64_t IsochronousClockModel::convertDeltaPositionToTime(int64_t framesDelta) const {
@@ -183,11 +226,25 @@
     return position;
 }
 
+int32_t IsochronousClockModel::getLateTimeOffsetNanos() const {
+    // This will never be < 0 because mMaxLatenessNanos starts at
+    // mBurstPeriodNanos and only gets bigger.
+    return (mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos - mBurstPeriodNanos) + kExtraLatenessNanos;
+}
+
+int64_t IsochronousClockModel::convertPositionToLatestTime(int64_t framePosition) const {
+    return convertPositionToTime(framePosition) + getLateTimeOffsetNanos();
+}
+
+int64_t IsochronousClockModel::convertLatestTimeToPosition(int64_t nanoTime) const {
+    return convertTimeToPosition(nanoTime - getLateTimeOffsetNanos());
+}
+
 void IsochronousClockModel::dump() const {
     ALOGD("mMarkerFramePosition = %lld", (long long) mMarkerFramePosition);
     ALOGD("mMarkerNanoTime      = %lld", (long long) mMarkerNanoTime);
     ALOGD("mSampleRate          = %6d", mSampleRate);
     ALOGD("mFramesPerBurst      = %6d", mFramesPerBurst);
-    ALOGD("mMaxLatenessInNanos  = %6d", mMaxLatenessInNanos);
+    ALOGD("mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos = %6d", mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos);
     ALOGD("mState               = %6d", mState);
 }
diff --git a/media/libaaudio/src/client/IsochronousClockModel.h b/media/libaaudio/src/client/IsochronousClockModel.h
index 46ca48e..582bf4e 100644
--- a/media/libaaudio/src/client/IsochronousClockModel.h
+++ b/media/libaaudio/src/client/IsochronousClockModel.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #define ANDROID_AAUDIO_ISOCHRONOUS_CLOCK_MODEL_H
 
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include "utility/AudioClock.h"
 
 namespace aaudio {
 
@@ -79,6 +80,15 @@
     int64_t convertPositionToTime(int64_t framePosition) const;
 
     /**
+     * Calculate the latest estimated time that the stream will be at that position.
+     * The more jittery the clock is then the later this will be.
+     *
+     * @param framePosition
+     * @return time in nanoseconds
+     */
+    int64_t convertPositionToLatestTime(int64_t framePosition) const;
+
+    /**
      * Calculate an estimated position where the stream will be at the specified time.
      *
      * @param nanoTime time of interest
@@ -87,6 +97,18 @@
     int64_t convertTimeToPosition(int64_t nanoTime) const;
 
     /**
+     * Calculate the corresponding estimated position based on the specified time being
+     * the latest possible time.
+     *
+     * For the same nanoTime, this may return an earlier position than
+     * convertTimeToPosition().
+     *
+     * @param nanoTime
+     * @return position in frames
+     */
+    int64_t convertLatestTimeToPosition(int64_t nanoTime) const;
+
+    /**
      * @param framesDelta difference in frames
      * @return duration in nanoseconds
      */
@@ -101,6 +123,9 @@
     void dump() const;
 
 private:
+
+    int32_t getLateTimeOffsetNanos() const;
+
     enum clock_model_state_t {
         STATE_STOPPED,
         STATE_STARTING,
@@ -108,13 +133,23 @@
         STATE_RUNNING
     };
 
+    // Amount of time to drift forward when we get a late timestamp.
+    // This value was calculated to allow tracking of a clock with 50 ppm error.
+    static constexpr int32_t   kDriftNanos         =  10 * 1000;
+    // TODO review value of kExtraLatenessNanos
+    static constexpr int32_t   kExtraLatenessNanos = 100 * 1000;
+
     int64_t             mMarkerFramePosition;
     int64_t             mMarkerNanoTime;
     int32_t             mSampleRate;
     int32_t             mFramesPerBurst;
-    int32_t             mMaxLatenessInNanos;
+    int32_t             mBurstPeriodNanos;
+    // Includes mBurstPeriodNanos because we sample randomly over time.
+    int32_t             mMaxMeasuredLatenessNanos;
     clock_model_state_t mState;
 
+    int32_t             mTimestampCount = 0;
+
     void update();
 };
 
diff --git a/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Bundle/EffectBundle.cpp b/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Bundle/EffectBundle.cpp
index 3fbbc09..10dda19 100644
--- a/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Bundle/EffectBundle.cpp
+++ b/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Bundle/EffectBundle.cpp
@@ -302,6 +302,8 @@
         for (int i = 0; i < FIVEBAND_NUMBANDS; i++) {
             pContext->pBundledContext->bandGaindB[i] = EQNB_5BandSoftPresets[i];
         }
+        pContext->pBundledContext->effectProcessCalled      = 0;
+        pContext->pBundledContext->effectInDrain            = 0;
 
         ALOGV("\tEffectCreate - Calling LvmBundle_init");
         ret = LvmBundle_init(pContext);
@@ -394,6 +396,8 @@
 
     // Clear the instantiated flag for the effect
     // protect agains the case where an effect is un-instantiated without being disabled
+
+    int &effectInDrain = pContext->pBundledContext->effectInDrain;
     if(pContext->EffectType == LVM_BASS_BOOST) {
         ALOGV("\tEffectRelease LVM_BASS_BOOST Clearing global intstantiated flag");
         pSessionContext->bBassInstantiated = LVM_FALSE;
@@ -418,12 +422,16 @@
     } else if(pContext->EffectType == LVM_VOLUME) {
         ALOGV("\tEffectRelease LVM_VOLUME Clearing global intstantiated flag");
         pSessionContext->bVolumeInstantiated = LVM_FALSE;
-        if (pContext->pBundledContext->bVolumeEnabled == LVM_TRUE){
+        // There is no samplesToExitCount for volume so we also use the drain flag to check
+        // if we should decrement the effects enabled.
+        if (pContext->pBundledContext->bVolumeEnabled == LVM_TRUE
+                || (effectInDrain & 1 << LVM_VOLUME) != 0) {
             pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled--;
         }
     } else {
         ALOGV("\tLVM_ERROR : EffectRelease : Unsupported effect\n\n\n\n\n\n\n");
     }
+    effectInDrain &= ~(1 << pContext->EffectType); // no need to drain if released
 
     // Disable effect, in this case ignore errors (return codes)
     // if an effect has already been disabled
@@ -3124,8 +3132,9 @@
 
 int Effect_setEnabled(EffectContext *pContext, bool enabled)
 {
-    ALOGV("\tEffect_setEnabled() type %d, enabled %d", pContext->EffectType, enabled);
-
+    ALOGV("%s effectType %d, enabled %d, currently enabled %d", __func__,
+            pContext->EffectType, enabled, pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled);
+    int &effectInDrain = pContext->pBundledContext->effectInDrain;
     if (enabled) {
         // Bass boost or Virtualizer can be temporarily disabled if playing over device speaker due
         // to their nature.
@@ -3139,6 +3148,7 @@
                 if(pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountBb <= 0){
                     pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled++;
                 }
+                effectInDrain &= ~(1 << LVM_BASS_BOOST);
                 pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountBb =
                      (LVM_INT32)(pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesPerSecond*0.1);
                 pContext->pBundledContext->bBassEnabled = LVM_TRUE;
@@ -3152,6 +3162,7 @@
                 if(pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountEq <= 0){
                     pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled++;
                 }
+                effectInDrain &= ~(1 << LVM_EQUALIZER);
                 pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountEq =
                      (LVM_INT32)(pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesPerSecond*0.1);
                 pContext->pBundledContext->bEqualizerEnabled = LVM_TRUE;
@@ -3164,6 +3175,7 @@
                 if(pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountVirt <= 0){
                     pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled++;
                 }
+                effectInDrain &= ~(1 << LVM_VIRTUALIZER);
                 pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountVirt =
                      (LVM_INT32)(pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesPerSecond*0.1);
                 pContext->pBundledContext->bVirtualizerEnabled = LVM_TRUE;
@@ -3174,7 +3186,10 @@
                     ALOGV("\tEffect_setEnabled() LVM_VOLUME is already enabled");
                     return -EINVAL;
                 }
-                pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled++;
+                if ((effectInDrain & 1 << LVM_VOLUME) == 0) {
+                    pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled++;
+                }
+                effectInDrain &= ~(1 << LVM_VOLUME);
                 pContext->pBundledContext->bVolumeEnabled = LVM_TRUE;
                 break;
             default:
@@ -3192,6 +3207,7 @@
                     return -EINVAL;
                 }
                 pContext->pBundledContext->bBassEnabled = LVM_FALSE;
+                effectInDrain |= 1 << LVM_BASS_BOOST;
                 break;
             case LVM_EQUALIZER:
                 if (pContext->pBundledContext->bEqualizerEnabled == LVM_FALSE) {
@@ -3199,6 +3215,7 @@
                     return -EINVAL;
                 }
                 pContext->pBundledContext->bEqualizerEnabled = LVM_FALSE;
+                effectInDrain |= 1 << LVM_EQUALIZER;
                 break;
             case LVM_VIRTUALIZER:
                 if (pContext->pBundledContext->bVirtualizerEnabled == LVM_FALSE) {
@@ -3206,6 +3223,7 @@
                     return -EINVAL;
                 }
                 pContext->pBundledContext->bVirtualizerEnabled = LVM_FALSE;
+                effectInDrain |= 1 << LVM_VIRTUALIZER;
                 break;
             case LVM_VOLUME:
                 if (pContext->pBundledContext->bVolumeEnabled == LVM_FALSE) {
@@ -3213,6 +3231,7 @@
                     return -EINVAL;
                 }
                 pContext->pBundledContext->bVolumeEnabled = LVM_FALSE;
+                effectInDrain |= 1 << LVM_VOLUME;
                 break;
             default:
                 ALOGV("\tEffect_setEnabled() invalid effect type");
@@ -3283,6 +3302,38 @@
         ALOGV("\tLVM_ERROR : Effect_process() ERROR NULL INPUT POINTER OR FRAME COUNT IS WRONG");
         return -EINVAL;
     }
+
+    int &effectProcessCalled = pContext->pBundledContext->effectProcessCalled;
+    int &effectInDrain = pContext->pBundledContext->effectInDrain;
+    if ((effectProcessCalled & 1 << pContext->EffectType) != 0) {
+        ALOGW("Effect %d already called", pContext->EffectType);
+        const int undrainedEffects = effectInDrain & ~effectProcessCalled;
+        if ((undrainedEffects & 1 << LVM_BASS_BOOST) != 0) {
+            ALOGW("Draining BASS_BOOST");
+            pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountBb = 0;
+            --pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled;
+            effectInDrain &= ~(1 << LVM_BASS_BOOST);
+        }
+        if ((undrainedEffects & 1 << LVM_EQUALIZER) != 0) {
+            ALOGW("Draining EQUALIZER");
+            pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountEq = 0;
+            --pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled;
+            effectInDrain &= ~(1 << LVM_EQUALIZER);
+        }
+        if ((undrainedEffects & 1 << LVM_VIRTUALIZER) != 0) {
+            ALOGW("Draining VIRTUALIZER");
+            pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountVirt = 0;
+            --pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled;
+            effectInDrain &= ~(1 << LVM_VIRTUALIZER);
+        }
+        if ((undrainedEffects & 1 << LVM_VOLUME) != 0) {
+            ALOGW("Draining VOLUME");
+            --pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled;
+            effectInDrain &= ~(1 << LVM_VOLUME);
+        }
+    }
+    effectProcessCalled |= 1 << pContext->EffectType;
+
     if ((pContext->pBundledContext->bBassEnabled == LVM_FALSE)&&
         (pContext->EffectType == LVM_BASS_BOOST)){
         //ALOGV("\tEffect_process() LVM_BASS_BOOST Effect is not enabled");
@@ -3291,9 +3342,12 @@
             //ALOGV("\tEffect_process: Waiting to turn off BASS_BOOST, %d samples left",
             //    pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountBb);
         }
-        if(pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountBb <= 0) {
+        if (pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountBb <= 0) {
             status = -ENODATA;
-            pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled--;
+            if ((effectInDrain & 1 << LVM_BASS_BOOST) != 0) {
+                pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled--;
+                effectInDrain &= ~(1 << LVM_BASS_BOOST);
+            }
             ALOGV("\tEffect_process() this is the last frame for LVM_BASS_BOOST");
         }
     }
@@ -3301,7 +3355,10 @@
         (pContext->EffectType == LVM_VOLUME)){
         //ALOGV("\tEffect_process() LVM_VOLUME Effect is not enabled");
         status = -ENODATA;
-        pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled--;
+        if ((effectInDrain & 1 << LVM_VOLUME) != 0) {
+            pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled--;
+            effectInDrain &= ~(1 << LVM_VOLUME);
+        }
     }
     if ((pContext->pBundledContext->bEqualizerEnabled == LVM_FALSE)&&
         (pContext->EffectType == LVM_EQUALIZER)){
@@ -3311,9 +3368,12 @@
             //ALOGV("\tEffect_process: Waiting to turn off EQUALIZER, %d samples left",
             //    pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountEq);
         }
-        if(pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountEq <= 0) {
+        if (pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountEq <= 0) {
             status = -ENODATA;
-            pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled--;
+            if ((effectInDrain & 1 << LVM_EQUALIZER) != 0) {
+                pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled--;
+                effectInDrain &= ~(1 << LVM_EQUALIZER);
+            }
             ALOGV("\tEffect_process() this is the last frame for LVM_EQUALIZER");
         }
     }
@@ -3326,9 +3386,12 @@
             //ALOGV("\tEffect_process: Waiting for to turn off VIRTUALIZER, %d samples left",
             //    pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountVirt);
         }
-        if(pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountVirt <= 0) {
+        if (pContext->pBundledContext->SamplesToExitCountVirt <= 0) {
             status = -ENODATA;
-            pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled--;
+            if ((effectInDrain & 1 << LVM_VIRTUALIZER) != 0) {
+                pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled--;
+                effectInDrain &= ~(1 << LVM_VIRTUALIZER);
+            }
             ALOGV("\tEffect_process() this is the last frame for LVM_VIRTUALIZER");
         }
     }
@@ -3337,8 +3400,18 @@
         pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsCalled++;
     }
 
-    if(pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsCalled ==
-       pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled){
+    if (pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsCalled >=
+            pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled) {
+
+        // We expect the # effects called to be equal to # effects enabled in sequence (including
+        // draining effects).  Warn if this is not the case due to inconsistent calls.
+        ALOGW_IF(pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsCalled >
+                pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled,
+                "%s Number of effects called %d is greater than number of effects enabled %d",
+                __func__, pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsCalled,
+                pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled);
+        effectProcessCalled = 0; // reset our consistency check.
+
         //ALOGV("\tEffect_process     Calling process with %d effects enabled, %d called: Effect %d",
         //pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsEnabled,
         //pContext->pBundledContext->NumberEffectsCalled, pContext->EffectType);
diff --git a/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Bundle/EffectBundle.h b/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Bundle/EffectBundle.h
index 6af4554..e4aacd0 100644
--- a/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Bundle/EffectBundle.h
+++ b/media/libeffects/lvm/wrapper/Bundle/EffectBundle.h
@@ -110,6 +110,14 @@
 #ifdef SUPPORT_MC
     LVM_INT32                       ChMask;
 #endif
+
+    /* Bitmask whether drain is in progress due to disabling the effect.
+       The corresponding bit to an effect is set by 1 << lvm_effect_en. */
+    int                             effectInDrain;
+
+    /* Bitmask whether process() was called for a particular effect.
+       The corresponding bit to an effect is set by 1 << lvm_effect_en. */
+    int                             effectProcessCalled;
 };
 
 /* SessionContext : One session */
diff --git a/media/libmedia/Visualizer.cpp b/media/libmedia/Visualizer.cpp
index cb8d375..2bf0802 100644
--- a/media/libmedia/Visualizer.cpp
+++ b/media/libmedia/Visualizer.cpp
@@ -77,10 +77,13 @@
     if (t != 0) {
         if (enabled) {
             if (t->exitPending()) {
+                mCaptureLock.unlock();
                 if (t->requestExitAndWait() == WOULD_BLOCK) {
+                    mCaptureLock.lock();
                     ALOGE("Visualizer::enable() called from thread");
                     return INVALID_OPERATION;
                 }
+                mCaptureLock.lock();
             }
         }
         t->mLock.lock();
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Writer.cpp b/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Writer.cpp
index 2f13dc9..f130c9b 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Writer.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/MPEG4Writer.cpp
@@ -1635,8 +1635,13 @@
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
 
+    // Increase moovExtraSize once only irrespective of how many times
+    // setCaptureRate is called.
+    bool containsCaptureFps = mMetaKeys->contains(kMetaKey_CaptureFps);
     mMetaKeys->setFloat(kMetaKey_CaptureFps, captureFps);
-    mMoovExtraSize += sizeof(kMetaKey_CaptureFps) + 4 + 32;
+    if (!containsCaptureFps) {
+        mMoovExtraSize += sizeof(kMetaKey_CaptureFps) + 4 + 32;
+    }
 
     return OK;
 }
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/MediaMuxer.cpp b/media/libstagefright/MediaMuxer.cpp
index 9ba2add..7ebdb1a 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/MediaMuxer.cpp
+++ b/media/libstagefright/MediaMuxer.cpp
@@ -96,10 +96,18 @@
 
     sp<MediaAdapter> newTrack = new MediaAdapter(trackMeta);
     status_t result = mWriter->addSource(newTrack);
-    if (result == OK) {
-        return mTrackList.add(newTrack);
+    if (result != OK) {
+        return -1;
     }
-    return -1;
+    float captureFps = -1.0;
+    if (format->findAsFloat("time-lapse-fps", &captureFps)) {
+        ALOGV("addTrack() time-lapse-fps: %f", captureFps);
+        result = mWriter->setCaptureRate(captureFps);
+        if (result != OK) {
+            ALOGW("addTrack() setCaptureRate failed :%d", result);
+        }
+    }
+    return mTrackList.add(newTrack);
 }
 
 status_t MediaMuxer::setOrientationHint(int degrees) {
diff --git a/media/libstagefright/include/media/stagefright/MediaWriter.h b/media/libstagefright/include/media/stagefright/MediaWriter.h
index 2c12a87..972ae1d 100644
--- a/media/libstagefright/include/media/stagefright/MediaWriter.h
+++ b/media/libstagefright/include/media/stagefright/MediaWriter.h
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@
     virtual status_t start(MetaData *params = NULL) = 0;
     virtual status_t stop() = 0;
     virtual status_t pause() = 0;
+    virtual status_t setCaptureRate(float /* captureFps */) {
+        ALOGW("setCaptureRate unsupported");
+        return ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
 
     virtual void setMaxFileSize(int64_t bytes) { mMaxFileSizeLimitBytes = bytes; }
     virtual void setMaxFileDuration(int64_t durationUs) { mMaxFileDurationLimitUs = durationUs; }
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp b/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp
index 3c4fbba..13152d0 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Effects.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "Configuration.h"
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <system/audio_effects/effect_aec.h>
+#include <system/audio_effects/effect_dynamicsprocessing.h>
 #include <system/audio_effects/effect_ns.h>
 #include <system/audio_effects/effect_visualizer.h>
 #include <audio_utils/channels.h>
@@ -2569,7 +2570,8 @@
     if ((mSessionId == AUDIO_SESSION_OUTPUT_MIX) &&
         (((desc.flags & EFFECT_FLAG_TYPE_MASK) == EFFECT_FLAG_TYPE_AUXILIARY) ||
          (memcmp(&desc.type, SL_IID_VISUALIZATION, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0) ||
-         (memcmp(&desc.type, SL_IID_VOLUME, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0))) {
+         (memcmp(&desc.type, SL_IID_VOLUME, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0) ||
+         (memcmp(&desc.type, SL_IID_DYNAMICSPROCESSING, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0))) {
         return false;
     }
     return true;
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp b/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
index a021866..73292d3 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Threads.cpp
@@ -3958,6 +3958,32 @@
     return INVALID_OPERATION;
 }
 
+// For dedicated VoIP outputs, let the HAL apply the stream volume. Track volume is
+// still applied by the mixer.
+// All tracks attached to a mixer with flag VOIP_RX are tied to the same
+// stream type STREAM_VOICE_CALL so this will only change the HAL volume once even
+// if more than one track are active
+status_t AudioFlinger::PlaybackThread::handleVoipVolume_l(float *volume)
+{
+    status_t result = NO_ERROR;
+    if ((mOutput->flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_VOIP_RX) != 0) {
+        if (*volume != mLeftVolFloat) {
+            result = mOutput->stream->setVolume(*volume, *volume);
+            ALOGE_IF(result != OK,
+                     "Error when setting output stream volume: %d", result);
+            if (result == NO_ERROR) {
+                mLeftVolFloat = *volume;
+            }
+        }
+        // if stream volume was successfully sent to the HAL, mLeftVolFloat == v here and we
+        // remove stream volume contribution from software volume.
+        if (mLeftVolFloat == *volume) {
+            *volume = 1.0f;
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
 status_t AudioFlinger::MixerThread::createAudioPatch_l(const struct audio_patch *patch,
                                                           audio_patch_handle_t *handle)
 {
@@ -4760,22 +4786,25 @@
                     // no acknowledgement required for newly active tracks
                 }
                 sp<AudioTrackServerProxy> proxy = track->mAudioTrackServerProxy;
+                float volume;
+                if (track->isPlaybackRestricted() || mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].mute) {
+                    volume = 0.f;
+                } else {
+                    volume = masterVolume * mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].volume;
+                }
+
+                handleVoipVolume_l(&volume);
+
                 // cache the combined master volume and stream type volume for fast mixer; this
                 // lacks any synchronization or barrier so VolumeProvider may read a stale value
                 const float vh = track->getVolumeHandler()->getVolume(
-                        proxy->framesReleased()).first;
-                float volume;
-                if (track->isPlaybackRestricted()) {
-                    volume = 0.f;
-                } else {
-                    volume = masterVolume
-                        * mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].volume
-                        * vh;
-                }
+                    proxy->framesReleased()).first;
+                volume *= vh;
                 track->mCachedVolume = volume;
                 gain_minifloat_packed_t vlr = proxy->getVolumeLR();
                 float vlf = volume * float_from_gain(gain_minifloat_unpack_left(vlr));
                 float vrf = volume * float_from_gain(gain_minifloat_unpack_right(vlr));
+
                 track->setFinalVolume((vlf + vrf) / 2.f);
                 ++fastTracks;
             } else {
@@ -4918,20 +4947,22 @@
             uint32_t vl, vr;       // in U8.24 integer format
             float vlf, vrf, vaf;   // in [0.0, 1.0] float format
             // read original volumes with volume control
-            float typeVolume = mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].volume;
-            float v = masterVolume * typeVolume;
+            float v = masterVolume * mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].volume;
             // Always fetch volumeshaper volume to ensure state is updated.
             const sp<AudioTrackServerProxy> proxy = track->mAudioTrackServerProxy;
             const float vh = track->getVolumeHandler()->getVolume(
                     track->mAudioTrackServerProxy->framesReleased()).first;
 
-            if (track->isPausing() || mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].mute
-                    || track->isPlaybackRestricted()) {
+            if (mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].mute || track->isPlaybackRestricted()) {
+                v = 0;
+            }
+
+            handleVoipVolume_l(&v);
+
+            if (track->isPausing()) {
                 vl = vr = 0;
                 vlf = vrf = vaf = 0.;
-                if (track->isPausing()) {
-                    track->setPaused();
-                }
+                track->setPaused();
             } else {
                 gain_minifloat_packed_t vlr = proxy->getVolumeLR();
                 vlf = float_from_gain(gain_minifloat_unpack_left(vlr));
@@ -4983,25 +5014,6 @@
                 track->mHasVolumeController = false;
             }
 
-            // For dedicated VoIP outputs, let the HAL apply the stream volume. Track volume is
-            // still applied by the mixer.
-            if ((mOutput->flags & AUDIO_OUTPUT_FLAG_VOIP_RX) != 0) {
-                v = mStreamTypes[track->streamType()].mute ? 0.0f : v;
-                if (v != mLeftVolFloat) {
-                    status_t result = mOutput->stream->setVolume(v, v);
-                    ALOGE_IF(result != OK, "Error when setting output stream volume: %d", result);
-                    if (result == OK) {
-                        mLeftVolFloat = v;
-                    }
-                }
-                // if stream volume was successfully sent to the HAL, mLeftVolFloat == v here and we
-                // remove stream volume contribution from software volume.
-                if (v != 0.0f && mLeftVolFloat == v) {
-                   vlf = min(1.0f, vlf / v);
-                   vrf = min(1.0f, vrf / v);
-                   vaf = min(1.0f, vaf / v);
-               }
-            }
             // XXX: these things DON'T need to be done each time
             mAudioMixer->setBufferProvider(trackId, track);
             mAudioMixer->enable(trackId);
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/Threads.h b/services/audioflinger/Threads.h
index 31e10a3..acb1370 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/Threads.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/Threads.h
@@ -747,6 +747,7 @@
                 // is safe to do so. That will drop the final ref count and destroy the tracks.
     virtual     mixer_state prepareTracks_l(Vector< sp<Track> > *tracksToRemove) = 0;
                 void        removeTracks_l(const Vector< sp<Track> >& tracksToRemove);
+                status_t    handleVoipVolume_l(float *volume);
 
     // StreamOutHalInterfaceCallback implementation
     virtual     void        onWriteReady();
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
index bdeb273..c70513c 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/CameraService.cpp
@@ -1169,6 +1169,8 @@
                 clientPid,
                 states[states.size() - 1]);
 
+        resource_policy::ClientPriority clientPriority = clientDescriptor->getPriority();
+
         // Find clients that would be evicted
         auto evicted = mActiveClientManager.wouldEvict(clientDescriptor);
 
@@ -1186,8 +1188,7 @@
             String8 msg = String8::format("%s : DENIED connect device %s client for package %s "
                     "(PID %d, score %d state %d) due to eviction policy", curTime.string(),
                     cameraId.string(), packageName.string(), clientPid,
-                    priorityScores[priorityScores.size() - 1],
-                    states[states.size() - 1]);
+                    clientPriority.getScore(), clientPriority.getState());
 
             for (auto& i : incompatibleClients) {
                 msg.appendFormat("\n   - Blocked by existing device %s client for package %s"
@@ -1232,9 +1233,8 @@
                     i->getKey().string(), String8{clientSp->getPackageName()}.string(),
                     i->getOwnerId(), i->getPriority().getScore(),
                     i->getPriority().getState(), cameraId.string(),
-                    packageName.string(), clientPid,
-                    priorityScores[priorityScores.size() - 1],
-                    states[states.size() - 1]));
+                    packageName.string(), clientPid, clientPriority.getScore(),
+                    clientPriority.getState()));
 
             // Notify the client of disconnection
             clientSp->notifyError(hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks::ERROR_CAMERA_DISCONNECTED,
@@ -1368,14 +1368,19 @@
     Status ret = Status::ok();
     String8 id = String8(cameraId);
     sp<CameraDeviceClient> client = nullptr;
-
+    String16 clientPackageNameAdj = clientPackageName;
+    if (hardware::IPCThreadState::self()->isServingCall()) {
+        std::string vendorClient =
+                StringPrintf("vendor.client.pid<%d>", CameraThreadState::getCallingPid());
+        clientPackageNameAdj = String16(vendorClient.c_str());
+    }
     ret = connectHelper<hardware::camera2::ICameraDeviceCallbacks,CameraDeviceClient>(cameraCb, id,
             /*api1CameraId*/-1,
-            CAMERA_HAL_API_VERSION_UNSPECIFIED, clientPackageName,
+            CAMERA_HAL_API_VERSION_UNSPECIFIED, clientPackageNameAdj,
             clientUid, USE_CALLING_PID, API_2, /*shimUpdateOnly*/ false, /*out*/client);
 
     if(!ret.isOk()) {
-        logRejected(id, CameraThreadState::getCallingPid(), String8(clientPackageName),
+        logRejected(id, CameraThreadState::getCallingPid(), String8(clientPackageNameAdj),
                 ret.toString8());
         return ret;
     }
@@ -2397,11 +2402,7 @@
         }
         mClientPackageName = packages[0];
     }
-    if (hardware::IPCThreadState::self()->isServingCall()) {
-        std::string vendorClient =
-                StringPrintf("vendor.client.pid<%d>", CameraThreadState::getCallingPid());
-        mClientPackageName = String16(vendorClient.c_str());
-    } else {
+    if (!hardware::IPCThreadState::self()->isServingCall()) {
         mAppOpsManager = std::make_unique<AppOpsManager>();
     }
 }
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraProviderManager.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraProviderManager.cpp
index 7f94e55..cb2c324 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraProviderManager.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/CameraProviderManager.cpp
@@ -2087,6 +2087,13 @@
     return OK;
 }
 bool CameraProviderManager::ProviderInfo::DeviceInfo3::isAPI1Compatible() const {
+    // Do not advertise NIR cameras to API1 camera app.
+    camera_metadata_ro_entry cfa = mCameraCharacteristics.find(
+            ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_COLOR_FILTER_ARRANGEMENT);
+    if (cfa.count == 1 && cfa.data.u8[0] == ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_COLOR_FILTER_ARRANGEMENT_NIR) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
     bool isBackwardCompatible = false;
     camera_metadata_ro_entry_t caps = mCameraCharacteristics.find(
             ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES);
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/DepthPhotoProcessor.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/DepthPhotoProcessor.cpp
index 3c90de0..94541d8 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/DepthPhotoProcessor.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/common/DepthPhotoProcessor.cpp
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@
 
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Item>> items;
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Camera>> cameraList;
-    auto image = Image::FromDataForPrimaryImage("android/mainimage", &items);
+    auto image = Image::FromDataForPrimaryImage("image/jpeg", &items);
     std::unique_ptr<CameraParams> cameraParams(new CameraParams(std::move(image)));
     if (cameraParams == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("%s: Failed to initialize camera parameters", __FUNCTION__);
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
index a8e80fa..4227a3b 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@
 #define CLOGE(fmt, ...) ALOGE("Camera %s: %s: " fmt, mId.string(), __FUNCTION__, \
             ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
+#define CLOGW(fmt, ...) ALOGW("Camera %s: %s: " fmt, mId.string(), __FUNCTION__, \
+            ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
 // Convenience macros for transitioning to the error state
 #define SET_ERR(fmt, ...) setErrorState(   \
     "%s: " fmt, __FUNCTION__,              \
@@ -3267,14 +3270,19 @@
         ALOGVV("%s: removed frame %d from InFlightMap", __FUNCTION__, frameNumber);
      }
 
-    // Sanity check - if we have too many in-flight frames, something has
-    // likely gone wrong
-    if (!mIsConstrainedHighSpeedConfiguration && mInFlightMap.size() > kInFlightWarnLimit) {
-        CLOGE("In-flight list too large: %zu", mInFlightMap.size());
-    } else if (mIsConstrainedHighSpeedConfiguration && mInFlightMap.size() >
-            kInFlightWarnLimitHighSpeed) {
-        CLOGE("In-flight list too large for high speed configuration: %zu",
-                mInFlightMap.size());
+    // Sanity check - if we have too many in-flight frames with long total inflight duration,
+    // something has likely gone wrong. This might still be legit only if application send in
+    // a long burst of long exposure requests.
+    if (mExpectedInflightDuration > kMinWarnInflightDuration) {
+        if (!mIsConstrainedHighSpeedConfiguration && mInFlightMap.size() > kInFlightWarnLimit) {
+            CLOGW("In-flight list too large: %zu, total inflight duration %" PRIu64,
+                    mInFlightMap.size(), mExpectedInflightDuration);
+        } else if (mIsConstrainedHighSpeedConfiguration && mInFlightMap.size() >
+                kInFlightWarnLimitHighSpeed) {
+            CLOGW("In-flight list too large for high speed configuration: %zu,"
+                    "total inflight duration %" PRIu64,
+                    mInFlightMap.size(), mExpectedInflightDuration);
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
index 6e8ac84..cae34ce 100644
--- a/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
+++ b/services/camera/libcameraservice/device3/Camera3Device.h
@@ -227,6 +227,7 @@
     static const size_t        kDumpLockAttempts  = 10;
     static const size_t        kDumpSleepDuration = 100000; // 0.10 sec
     static const nsecs_t       kActiveTimeout     = 500000000;  // 500 ms
+    static const nsecs_t       kMinWarnInflightDuration = 5000000000; // 5 s
     static const size_t        kInFlightWarnLimit = 30;
     static const size_t        kInFlightWarnLimitHighSpeed = 256; // batch size 32 * pipe depth 8
     static const nsecs_t       kDefaultExpectedDuration = 100000000; // 100 ms
diff --git a/services/mediacodec/main_codecservice.cpp b/services/mediacodec/main_codecservice.cpp
index f668c33..6a82b1b 100644
--- a/services/mediacodec/main_codecservice.cpp
+++ b/services/mediacodec/main_codecservice.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include "minijail.h"
 
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/omx/1.0/Omx.h>
 #include <media/stagefright/omx/1.0/OmxStore.h>
@@ -57,7 +58,8 @@
     } else {
         LOG(INFO) << "IOmx HAL service created.";
     }
-    sp<IOmxStore> omxStore = new implementation::OmxStore(omx);
+    sp<IOmxStore> omxStore = new implementation::OmxStore(
+            property_get_int64("vendor.media.omx", 1) ? omx : nullptr);
     if (omxStore == nullptr) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot create IOmxStore HAL service.";
     } else if (omxStore->registerAsService() != OK) {