diff --git a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
index a43afac..7d87d92 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.cpp
@@ -160,7 +160,10 @@
 
 AudioFlinger::AudioFlinger()
     : BnAudioFlinger(),
-        mPrimaryHardwareDev(NULL), mMasterVolume(1.0f), mMasterMute(false), mNextUniqueId(1),
+        mPrimaryHardwareDev(NULL),
+        mHardwareStatus(AUDIO_HW_IDLE), // see also onFirstRef()
+        mMasterVolume(1.0f), mMasterMute(false), mNextUniqueId(1),
+        mMode(AUDIO_MODE_INVALID),
         mBtNrecIsOff(false)
 {
 }
@@ -172,7 +175,6 @@
     Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
 
     /* TODO: move all this work into an Init() function */
-    mHardwareStatus = AUDIO_HW_IDLE;
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(audio_interfaces); i++) {
         const hw_module_t *mod;
@@ -971,7 +973,8 @@
 {
     size_t size = mNotificationClients.size();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-        mNotificationClients.valueAt(i)->client()->ioConfigChanged(event, ioHandle, param2);
+        mNotificationClients.valueAt(i)->audioFlingerClient()->ioConfigChanged(event, ioHandle,
+                                                                               param2);
     }
 }
 
@@ -989,11 +992,15 @@
         type_t type)
     :   Thread(false),
         mType(type),
-        mAudioFlinger(audioFlinger), mSampleRate(0), mFrameCount(0), mChannelCount(0),
-        mFrameSize(1), mFormat(AUDIO_FORMAT_INVALID), mStandby(false), mId(id), mExiting(false),
-        mDevice(device)
+        mAudioFlinger(audioFlinger), mSampleRate(0), mFrameCount(0),
+        // mChannelMask
+        mChannelCount(0),
+        mFrameSize(1), mFormat(AUDIO_FORMAT_INVALID),
+        mParamStatus(NO_ERROR),
+        mStandby(false), mId(id), mExiting(false),
+        mDevice(device),
+        mDeathRecipient(new PMDeathRecipient(this))
 {
-    mDeathRecipient = new PMDeathRecipient(this);
 }
 
 AudioFlinger::ThreadBase::~ThreadBase()
@@ -1377,18 +1384,21 @@
                                              uint32_t device,
                                              type_t type)
     :   ThreadBase(audioFlinger, id, device, type),
-        mMixBuffer(NULL), mSuspended(0), mBytesWritten(0), mOutput(output),
+        mMixBuffer(NULL), mSuspended(0), mBytesWritten(0),
+        // Assumes constructor is called by AudioFlinger with it's mLock held,
+        // but it would be safer to explicitly pass initial masterMute as parameter
+        mMasterMute(audioFlinger->masterMute_l()),
+        // mStreamTypes[] initialized in constructor body
+        mOutput(output),
+        // Assumes constructor is called by AudioFlinger with it's mLock held,
+        // but it would be safer to explicitly pass initial masterVolume as parameter
+        mMasterVolume(audioFlinger->masterVolume_l()),
         mLastWriteTime(0), mNumWrites(0), mNumDelayedWrites(0), mInWrite(false)
 {
     snprintf(mName, kNameLength, "AudioOut_%d", id);
 
     readOutputParameters();
 
-    // Assumes constructor is called by AudioFlinger with it's mLock held,
-    // but it would be safer to explicitly pass these as parameters
-    mMasterVolume = mAudioFlinger->masterVolume_l();
-    mMasterMute = mAudioFlinger->masterMute_l();
-
     // mStreamTypes[AUDIO_STREAM_CNT] is initialized by stream_type_t default constructor
     // There is no AUDIO_STREAM_MIN, and ++ operator does not compile
     for (audio_stream_type_t stream = (audio_stream_type_t) 0; stream < AUDIO_STREAM_CNT;
@@ -1851,10 +1861,9 @@
 AudioFlinger::MixerThread::MixerThread(const sp<AudioFlinger>& audioFlinger, AudioStreamOut* output,
         int id, uint32_t device, type_t type)
     :   PlaybackThread(audioFlinger, output, id, device, type),
-        mAudioMixer(NULL), mPrevMixerStatus(MIXER_IDLE)
+        mAudioMixer(new AudioMixer(mFrameCount, mSampleRate)),
+        mPrevMixerStatus(MIXER_IDLE)
 {
-    mAudioMixer = new AudioMixer(mFrameCount, mSampleRate);
-
     // FIXME - Current mixer implementation only supports stereo output
     if (mChannelCount == 1) {
         ALOGE("Invalid audio hardware channel count");
@@ -2519,6 +2528,8 @@
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 AudioFlinger::DirectOutputThread::DirectOutputThread(const sp<AudioFlinger>& audioFlinger, AudioStreamOut* output, int id, uint32_t device)
     :   PlaybackThread(audioFlinger, output, id, device, DIRECT)
+        // mLeftVolFloat, mRightVolFloat
+        // mLeftVolShort, mRightVolShort
 {
 }
 
@@ -3249,13 +3260,17 @@
     :   RefBase(),
         mThread(thread),
         mClient(client),
-        mCblk(0),
+        mCblk(NULL),
+        // mBuffer
+        // mBufferEnd
         mFrameCount(0),
         mState(IDLE),
         mClientTid(-1),
         mFormat(format),
         mFlags(flags & ~SYSTEM_FLAGS_MASK),
         mSessionId(sessionId)
+        // mChannelCount
+        // mChannelMask
 {
     ALOGV_IF(sharedBuffer != 0, "sharedBuffer: %p, size: %d", sharedBuffer->pointer(), sharedBuffer->size());
 
@@ -3322,6 +3337,7 @@
     }
     mCblkMemory.clear();            // and free the shared memory
     if (mClient != NULL) {
+        // Client destructor must run with AudioFlinger mutex locked
         Mutex::Autolock _l(mClient->audioFlinger()->mLock);
         mClient.clear();
     }
@@ -4079,13 +4095,12 @@
 AudioFlinger::NotificationClient::NotificationClient(const sp<AudioFlinger>& audioFlinger,
                                                      const sp<IAudioFlingerClient>& client,
                                                      pid_t pid)
-    : mAudioFlinger(audioFlinger), mPid(pid), mClient(client)
+    : mAudioFlinger(audioFlinger), mPid(pid), mAudioFlingerClient(client)
 {
 }
 
 AudioFlinger::NotificationClient::~NotificationClient()
 {
-    mClient.clear();
 }
 
 void AudioFlinger::NotificationClient::binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who)
@@ -4271,12 +4286,15 @@
                                          int id,
                                          uint32_t device) :
     ThreadBase(audioFlinger, id, device, RECORD),
-    mInput(input), mTrack(NULL), mResampler(NULL), mRsmpOutBuffer(NULL), mRsmpInBuffer(NULL)
+    mInput(input), mTrack(NULL), mResampler(NULL), mRsmpOutBuffer(NULL), mRsmpInBuffer(NULL),
+    // mRsmpInIndex and mInputBytes set by readInputParameters()
+    mReqChannelCount(popcount(channels)),
+    mReqSampleRate(sampleRate)
+    // mBytesRead is only meaningful while active, and so is cleared in start()
+    // (but might be better to also clear here for dump?)
 {
     snprintf(mName, kNameLength, "AudioIn_%d", id);
 
-    mReqChannelCount = popcount(channels);
-    mReqSampleRate = sampleRate;
     readInputParameters();
 }
 
@@ -5245,12 +5263,8 @@
             return;
         }
     }
-    AudioSessionRef *ref = new AudioSessionRef();
-    ref->sessionid = audioSession;
-    ref->pid = caller;
-    ref->cnt = 1;
-    mAudioSessionRefs.push(ref);
-    ALOGV(" added new entry for %d", ref->sessionid);
+    mAudioSessionRefs.push(new AudioSessionRef(audioSession, caller));
+    ALOGV(" added new entry for %d", audioSession);
 }
 
 void AudioFlinger::releaseAudioSessionId(int audioSession)
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h
index 76beeaf..ab5ec34 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h
+++ b/services/audioflinger/AudioFlinger.h
@@ -233,9 +233,9 @@
     private:
                             Client(const Client&);
                             Client& operator = (const Client&);
-        sp<AudioFlinger>    mAudioFlinger;
-        sp<MemoryDealer>    mMemoryDealer;
-        pid_t               mPid;
+        const sp<AudioFlinger> mAudioFlinger;
+        const sp<MemoryDealer> mMemoryDealer;
+        const pid_t         mPid;
     };
 
     // --- Notification Client ---
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
                                                 pid_t pid);
         virtual             ~NotificationClient();
 
-                sp<IAudioFlingerClient>    client() { return mClient; }
+                sp<IAudioFlingerClient> audioFlingerClient() const { return mAudioFlingerClient; }
 
                 // IBinder::DeathRecipient
                 virtual     void        binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who);
@@ -255,9 +255,9 @@
                             NotificationClient(const NotificationClient&);
                             NotificationClient& operator = (const NotificationClient&);
 
-        sp<AudioFlinger>        mAudioFlinger;
-        pid_t                   mPid;
-        sp<IAudioFlingerClient> mClient;
+        const sp<AudioFlinger>  mAudioFlinger;
+        const pid_t             mPid;
+        const sp<IAudioFlingerClient> mAudioFlingerClient;
     };
 
     class TrackHandle;
@@ -367,8 +367,8 @@
             bool step();
             void reset();
 
-            wp<ThreadBase>      mThread;
-            sp<Client>          mClient;
+            const wp<ThreadBase> mThread;
+            /*const*/ sp<Client> mClient;   // see explanation at ~TrackBase() why not const
             sp<IMemory>         mCblkMemory;
             audio_track_cblk_t* mCblk;
             void*               mBuffer;
@@ -377,9 +377,9 @@
             // we don't really need a lock for these
             track_state         mState;
             int                 mClientTid;
-            audio_format_t      mFormat;
+            const audio_format_t mFormat;
             uint32_t            mFlags;
-            int                 mSessionId;
+            const int           mSessionId;
             uint8_t             mChannelCount;
             uint32_t            mChannelMask;
         };
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@
 
                     const type_t            mType;
                     Condition               mWaitWorkCV;
-                    sp<AudioFlinger>        mAudioFlinger;
+                    const sp<AudioFlinger>  mAudioFlinger;
                     uint32_t                mSampleRate;
                     size_t                  mFrameCount;
                     uint32_t                mChannelMask;
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@
                     char                    mName[kNameLength];
                     sp<IPowerManager>       mPowerManager;
                     sp<IBinder>             mWakeLockToken;
-                    sp<PMDeathRecipient>    mDeathRecipient;
+                    const sp<PMDeathRecipient> mDeathRecipient;
                     // list of suspended effects per session and per type. The first vector is
                     // keyed by session ID, the second by type UUID timeLow field
                     KeyedVector< int, KeyedVector< int, sp<SuspendedSessionDesc> > >  mSuspendedSessions;
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@
                     bool        write(int16_t* data, uint32_t frames);
                     bool        bufferQueueEmpty() { return (mBufferQueue.size() == 0) ? true : false; }
                     bool        isActive() { return mActive; }
-            wp<ThreadBase>&     thread()  { return mThread; }
+            const wp<ThreadBase>& thread() { return mThread; }
 
         private:
 
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@
             Vector < Buffer* >          mBufferQueue;
             AudioBufferProvider::Buffer mOutBuffer;
             bool                        mActive;
-            DuplicatingThread*          mSourceThread;
+            DuplicatingThread* const mSourceThread; // for waitTimeMs() in write()
         };  // end of OutputTrack
 
         PlaybackThread (const sp<AudioFlinger>& audioFlinger, AudioStreamOut* output, int id,
@@ -919,7 +919,7 @@
         virtual status_t onTransact(
             uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags);
     private:
-        sp<PlaybackThread::Track> mTrack;
+        const sp<PlaybackThread::Track> mTrack;
     };
 
     friend class Client;
@@ -1023,8 +1023,8 @@
                 int16_t                             *mRsmpInBuffer;
                 size_t                              mRsmpInIndex;
                 size_t                              mInputBytes;
-                int                                 mReqChannelCount;
-                uint32_t                            mReqSampleRate;
+                const int                           mReqChannelCount;
+                const uint32_t                      mReqSampleRate;
                 ssize_t                             mBytesRead;
     };
 
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@
         virtual status_t onTransact(
             uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags);
     private:
-        sp<RecordThread::RecordTrack> mRecordTrack;
+        const sp<RecordThread::RecordTrack> mRecordTrack;
     };
 
     //--- Audio Effect Management
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@
         int16_t     *outBuffer() { return mConfig.outputCfg.buffer.s16; }
         void        setChain(const wp<EffectChain>& chain) { mChain = chain; }
         void        setThread(const wp<ThreadBase>& thread) { mThread = thread; }
-        wp<ThreadBase>& thread() { return mThread; }
+        const wp<ThreadBase>& thread() { return mThread; }
 
         status_t addHandle(const sp<EffectHandle>& handle);
         void disconnect(const wp<EffectHandle>& handle, bool unpiniflast);
@@ -1379,8 +1379,11 @@
     };
 
     struct AudioSessionRef {
-        int sessionid;
-        pid_t pid;
+        // FIXME rename parameter names when fields get "m" prefix
+        AudioSessionRef(int sessionid_, pid_t pid_) :
+            sessionid(sessionid_), pid(pid_), cnt(1) {}
+        const int sessionid;
+        const pid_t pid;
         int cnt;
     };
 
diff --git a/services/audioflinger/AudioMixer.cpp b/services/audioflinger/AudioMixer.cpp
index a01c6a8..1f7d883 100644
--- a/services/audioflinger/AudioMixer.cpp
+++ b/services/audioflinger/AudioMixer.cpp
@@ -48,9 +48,10 @@
     mState.enabledTracks= 0;
     mState.needsChanged = 0;
     mState.frameCount   = frameCount;
+    mState.hook         = process__nop;
     mState.outputTemp   = NULL;
     mState.resampleTemp = NULL;
-    mState.hook         = process__nop;
+    // mState.reserved
     track_t* t = mState.tracks;
     for (unsigned i=0 ; i < MAX_NUM_TRACKS ; i++) {
         t->needs = 0;
@@ -70,12 +71,13 @@
         t->enabled = 0;
         t->format = 16;
         t->channelMask = AUDIO_CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO;
-        t->buffer.raw = 0;
         t->bufferProvider = NULL;
+        t->buffer.raw = NULL;
+        // t->buffer.frameCount
         t->hook = NULL;
+        t->in = NULL;
         t->resampler = NULL;
         t->sampleRate = mSampleRate;
-        t->in = NULL;
         t->mainBuffer = NULL;
         t->auxBuffer = NULL;
         t++;