diff --git a/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/Android.bp b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/Android.bp
index 440a454..e352245 100644
--- a/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/Android.bp
+++ b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/Android.bp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
     name: "libmediatranscoder",
 
     srcs: [
+        "MediaSampleQueue.cpp",
         "MediaSampleReaderNDK.cpp",
     ],
 
diff --git a/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/MediaSampleQueue.cpp b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/MediaSampleQueue.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..691ee1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/MediaSampleQueue.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "MediaSampleQueue"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <media/MediaSampleQueue.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+bool MediaSampleQueue::enqueue(const std::shared_ptr<MediaSample>& sample) {
+    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+    if (!mAborted) {
+        mSampleQueue.push(sample);
+        mCondition.notify_one();
+    }
+    return mAborted;
+}
+
+// Unfortunately std::unique_lock is incompatible with -Wthread-safety
+bool MediaSampleQueue::dequeue(std::shared_ptr<MediaSample>* sample) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+    while (mSampleQueue.empty() && !mAborted) {
+        mCondition.wait(lock);
+    }
+
+    if (!mAborted) {
+        if (sample != nullptr) {
+            *sample = mSampleQueue.front();
+        }
+        mSampleQueue.pop();
+    }
+    return mAborted;
+}
+
+void MediaSampleQueue::abort() {
+    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+    // Clear the queue and notify consumers.
+    std::queue<std::shared_ptr<MediaSample>> empty = {};
+    std::swap(mSampleQueue, empty);
+    mAborted = true;
+    mCondition.notify_all();
+}
+}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/include/media/MediaSample.h b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/include/media/MediaSample.h
index 2b9be9f..e206a3e 100644
--- a/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/include/media/MediaSample.h
+++ b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/include/media/MediaSample.h
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 #define ANDROID_MEDIA_SAMPLE_H
 
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -71,9 +73,37 @@
  */
 struct MediaSample {
     /**
-     * Byte buffer containing the sample's compressed data.
-     * The memory backing this buffer is not managed by the MediaSample object so a separate
-     * mechanism to release a buffer is needed between a producer and a consumer.
+     * Callback to notify that a media sample is about to be released, giving the creator a chance
+     * to reclaim the data buffer backing the sample. Once this callback returns, the media sample
+     * instance *will* be released so it cannot be used outside of the callback. To enable the
+     * callback, create the media sample with {@link #createWithReleaseCallback}.
+     * @param sample The sample to be released.
+     */
+    using OnSampleReleasedCallback = std::function<void(MediaSample* sample)>;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new media sample instance with a registered release callback. The release callback
+     * will get called right before the media sample is released giving the creator a chance to
+     * reclaim the buffer.
+     * @param buffer Byte buffer containing the sample's compressed data.
+     * @param dataOffset Offset, in bytes, to the sample's compressed data inside the buffer.
+     * @param bufferId Buffer identifier that can be used to identify the buffer on release.
+     * @param releaseCallback The sample release callback.
+     * @return A new media sample instance.
+     */
+    static std::shared_ptr<MediaSample> createWithReleaseCallback(
+            uint8_t* buffer, size_t dataOffset, uint32_t bufferId,
+            OnSampleReleasedCallback releaseCallback) {
+        MediaSample* sample = new MediaSample(buffer, dataOffset, bufferId, releaseCallback);
+        return std::shared_ptr<MediaSample>(
+                sample, std::bind(&MediaSample::releaseSample, std::placeholders::_1));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Byte buffer containing the sample's compressed data. The media sample instance does not take
+     * ownership of the buffer and will not automatically release the memory, but the caller can
+     * register a release callback by creating the media sample with
+     * {@link #createWithReleaseCallback}.
      */
     const uint8_t* buffer = nullptr;
 
@@ -88,6 +118,28 @@
 
     /** Media sample information. */
     MediaSampleInfo info;
+
+private:
+    MediaSample(uint8_t* buffer, size_t dataOffset, uint32_t bufferId,
+                OnSampleReleasedCallback releaseCallback)
+          : buffer(buffer),
+            dataOffset(dataOffset),
+            bufferId(bufferId),
+            mReleaseCallback(releaseCallback){};
+
+    static void releaseSample(MediaSample* sample) {
+        if (sample->mReleaseCallback != nullptr) {
+            sample->mReleaseCallback(sample);
+        }
+        delete sample;
+    }
+
+    // Do not allow copying to prevent dangling pointers in the copied object after the original is
+    // released.
+    MediaSample(const MediaSample&) = delete;
+    MediaSample& operator=(const MediaSample&) = delete;
+
+    const OnSampleReleasedCallback mReleaseCallback = nullptr;
 };
 
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/include/media/MediaSampleQueue.h b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/include/media/MediaSampleQueue.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc22423
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/include/media/MediaSampleQueue.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_MEDIA_SAMPLE_QUEUE_H
+#define ANDROID_MEDIA_SAMPLE_QUEUE_H
+
+#include <media/MediaSample.h>
+#include <utils/Mutex.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <queue>
+
+namespace android {
+
+/**
+ * MediaSampleQueue asynchronously connects a producer and a consumer of media samples.
+ * Media samples flows through the queue in FIFO order. If the queue is empty the consumer will be
+ * blocked until a new media sample is added or until the producer aborts the queue operation.
+ */
+class MediaSampleQueue {
+public:
+    /**
+     * Enqueues a media sample at the end of the queue and notifies potentially waiting consumers.
+     * If the queue has previously been aborted this method does nothing.
+     * @param sample The media sample to enqueue.
+     * @return True if the queue has been aborted.
+     */
+    bool enqueue(const std::shared_ptr<MediaSample>& sample);
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the next media sample from the queue and returns it. If the queue has previously been
+     * aborted this method returns null. Note that this method will block while the queue is empty.
+     * @param[out] sample The next media sample in the queue.
+     * @return True if the queue has been aborted.
+     */
+    bool dequeue(std::shared_ptr<MediaSample>* sample /* nonnull */);
+
+    /**
+     * Aborts the queue operation. This clears the queue and notifies waiting consumers. After the
+     * has been aborted it is not possible to enqueue more samples, and dequeue will return null.
+     */
+    void abort();
+
+private:
+    std::queue<std::shared_ptr<MediaSample>> mSampleQueue GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
+    std::mutex mMutex;
+    std::condition_variable mCondition;
+    bool mAborted GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = false;
+};
+
+}  // namespace android
+#endif  // ANDROID_MEDIA_SAMPLE_QUEUE_H
diff --git a/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/include/media/MediaSampleReaderNDK.h b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/include/media/MediaSampleReaderNDK.h
index 668be9b..2dc9029 100644
--- a/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/include/media/MediaSampleReaderNDK.h
+++ b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/include/media/MediaSampleReaderNDK.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <media/MediaSampleReader.h>
 #include <media/NdkMediaExtractor.h>
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <vector>
 
diff --git a/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/tests/Android.bp b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/tests/Android.bp
index 99b3245..a9937d7 100644
--- a/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/tests/Android.bp
@@ -37,3 +37,10 @@
     defaults: ["testdefaults"],
     srcs: ["MediaSampleReaderNDKTests.cpp"],
 }
+
+// MediaSampleQueue unit test
+cc_test {
+    name: "MediaSampleQueueTests",
+    defaults: ["testdefaults"],
+    srcs: ["MediaSampleQueueTests.cpp"],
+}
diff --git a/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/tests/MediaSampleQueueTests.cpp b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/tests/MediaSampleQueueTests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2046ca0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/tests/MediaSampleQueueTests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// Unit Test for MediaSampleQueue
+
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#define LOG_TAG "MediaSampleQueueTests"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <media/MediaSampleQueue.h>
+
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace android {
+
+/** Duration to use when delaying threads to order operations. */
+static constexpr int64_t kThreadDelayDurationMs = 100;
+
+class MediaSampleQueueTests : public ::testing::Test {
+public:
+    MediaSampleQueueTests() { LOG(DEBUG) << "MediaSampleQueueTests created"; }
+    ~MediaSampleQueueTests() { LOG(DEBUG) << "MediaSampleQueueTests destroyed"; }
+};
+
+static std::shared_ptr<MediaSample> newSample(uint32_t id) {
+    return MediaSample::createWithReleaseCallback(nullptr /* buffer */, 0 /* offset */, id,
+                                                  nullptr /* callback */);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MediaSampleQueueTests, TestSequentialDequeueOrder) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "TestSequentialDequeueOrder Starts";
+
+    static constexpr int kNumSamples = 4;
+    MediaSampleQueue sampleQueue;
+
+    // Enqueue loop.
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumSamples; ++i) {
+        sampleQueue.enqueue(newSample(i));
+    }
+
+    // Dequeue loop.
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumSamples; ++i) {
+        std::shared_ptr<MediaSample> sample;
+        bool aborted = sampleQueue.dequeue(&sample);
+        EXPECT_NE(sample, nullptr);
+        EXPECT_EQ(sample->bufferId, i);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(aborted);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MediaSampleQueueTests, TestInterleavedDequeueOrder) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "TestInterleavedDequeueOrder Starts";
+
+    static constexpr int kNumSamples = 4;
+    MediaSampleQueue sampleQueue;
+
+    // Enqueue and dequeue.
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumSamples; ++i) {
+        sampleQueue.enqueue(newSample(i));
+
+        std::shared_ptr<MediaSample> sample;
+        bool aborted = sampleQueue.dequeue(&sample);
+        EXPECT_NE(sample, nullptr);
+        EXPECT_EQ(sample->bufferId, i);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(aborted);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MediaSampleQueueTests, TestBlockingDequeue) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "TestBlockingDequeue Starts";
+
+    MediaSampleQueue sampleQueue;
+
+    std::thread enqueueThread([&sampleQueue] {
+        // Note: This implementation is a bit racy. Any amount of sleep will not guarantee that the
+        // main thread will be blocked on the sample queue by the time this thread calls enqueue.
+        // But we can say with high confidence that it will and the test will not fail regardless.
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(kThreadDelayDurationMs));
+        sampleQueue.enqueue(newSample(1));
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<MediaSample> sample;
+    bool aborted = sampleQueue.dequeue(&sample);
+    EXPECT_NE(sample, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(sample->bufferId, 1);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(aborted);
+
+    enqueueThread.join();
+}
+
+TEST_F(MediaSampleQueueTests, TestDequeueBufferRelease) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "TestDequeueBufferRelease Starts";
+
+    static constexpr int kNumSamples = 4;
+    std::vector<bool> bufferReleased(kNumSamples, false);
+
+    MediaSample::OnSampleReleasedCallback callback = [&bufferReleased](MediaSample* sample) {
+        bufferReleased[sample->bufferId] = true;
+    };
+
+    MediaSampleQueue sampleQueue;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumSamples; ++i) {
+        bool aborted = sampleQueue.enqueue(
+                MediaSample::createWithReleaseCallback(nullptr, 0, i, callback));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(aborted);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumSamples; ++i) {
+        EXPECT_FALSE(bufferReleased[i]);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumSamples; ++i) {
+        {
+            std::shared_ptr<MediaSample> sample;
+            bool aborted = sampleQueue.dequeue(&sample);
+            EXPECT_NE(sample, nullptr);
+            EXPECT_EQ(sample->bufferId, i);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(bufferReleased[i]);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(aborted);
+        }
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < kNumSamples; ++j) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(bufferReleased[j], j <= i);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MediaSampleQueueTests, TestAbortBufferRelease) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "TestAbortBufferRelease Starts";
+
+    static constexpr int kNumSamples = 4;
+    std::vector<bool> bufferReleased(kNumSamples, false);
+
+    MediaSample::OnSampleReleasedCallback callback = [&bufferReleased](MediaSample* sample) {
+        bufferReleased[sample->bufferId] = true;
+    };
+
+    MediaSampleQueue sampleQueue;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumSamples; ++i) {
+        bool aborted = sampleQueue.enqueue(
+                MediaSample::createWithReleaseCallback(nullptr, 0, i, callback));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(aborted);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumSamples; ++i) {
+        EXPECT_FALSE(bufferReleased[i]);
+    }
+
+    sampleQueue.abort();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumSamples; ++i) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(bufferReleased[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MediaSampleQueueTests, TestNonEmptyAbort) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "TestNonEmptyAbort Starts";
+
+    MediaSampleQueue sampleQueue;
+    bool aborted = sampleQueue.enqueue(newSample(1));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(aborted);
+
+    sampleQueue.abort();
+
+    std::shared_ptr<MediaSample> sample;
+    aborted = sampleQueue.dequeue(&sample);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+    EXPECT_EQ(sample, nullptr);
+
+    aborted = sampleQueue.enqueue(sample);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MediaSampleQueueTests, TestEmptyAbort) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "TestEmptyAbort Starts";
+
+    MediaSampleQueue sampleQueue;
+    sampleQueue.abort();
+
+    std::shared_ptr<MediaSample> sample;
+    bool aborted = sampleQueue.dequeue(&sample);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+    EXPECT_EQ(sample, nullptr);
+
+    aborted = sampleQueue.enqueue(sample);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MediaSampleQueueTests, TestBlockingAbort) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "TestBlockingAbort Starts";
+
+    MediaSampleQueue sampleQueue;
+
+    std::thread abortingThread([&sampleQueue] {
+        // Note: This implementation is a bit racy. Any amount of sleep will not guarantee that the
+        // main thread will be blocked on the sample queue by the time this thread calls abort.
+        // But we can say with high confidence that it will and the test will not fail regardless.
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(kThreadDelayDurationMs));
+        sampleQueue.abort();
+    });
+
+    std::shared_ptr<MediaSample> sample;
+    bool aborted = sampleQueue.dequeue(&sample);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(aborted);
+    EXPECT_EQ(sample, nullptr);
+
+    abortingThread.join();
+}
+
+}  // namespace android
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/tests/build_and_run_all_unit_tests.sh b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/tests/build_and_run_all_unit_tests.sh
index 2d9dccf..dbee604 100755
--- a/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/tests/build_and_run_all_unit_tests.sh
+++ b/media/libmediatranscoding/transcoder/tests/build_and_run_all_unit_tests.sh
@@ -24,3 +24,6 @@
 
 echo "testing MediaSampleReaderNDK"
 adb shell /data/nativetest64/MediaSampleReaderNDKTests/MediaSampleReaderNDKTests
+
+echo "testing MediaSampleQueue"
+adb shell /data/nativetest64/MediaSampleQueueTests/MediaSampleQueueTests