)]}'
{
  "log": [
    {
      "commit": "bb3ab596832b920c703d1aea1ce76d69c0f71fb7",
      "tree": "048162bf5081e7bd9802eba012e8b680a4444da8",
      "parents": [
        "f50de2d3811081957156b5d736778799379c29de"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "KOSAKI Motohiro",
        "email": "kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com",
        "time": "Mon Dec 14 17:58:55 2009 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Tue Dec 15 08:53:16 2009 -0800"
      },
      "message": "vmscan: stop kswapd waiting on congestion when the min watermark is not being met\n\nIf reclaim fails to make sufficient progress, the priority is raised.\nOnce the priority is higher, kswapd starts waiting on congestion.\nHowever, if the zone is below the min watermark then kswapd needs to\ncontinue working without delay as there is a danger of an increased rate\nof GFP_ATOMIC allocation failure.\n\nThis patch changes the conditions under which kswapd waits on congestion\nby only going to sleep if the min watermarks are being met.\n\n[mel@csn.ul.ie: add stats to track how relevant the logic is]\n[mel@csn.ul.ie: make kswapd only check its own zones and rename the relevant counters]\nSigned-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Mel Gorman \u003cmel@csn.ul.ie\u003e\nReviewed-by: Rik van Riel \u003criel@redhat.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "f50de2d3811081957156b5d736778799379c29de",
      "tree": "ddc3676bcaa26e2e55e18e57928b5c8331a0f0fa",
      "parents": [
        "273f047e36d83179573dc7e3a8af6aceaa8c599e"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Mel Gorman",
        "email": "mel@csn.ul.ie",
        "time": "Mon Dec 14 17:58:53 2009 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Tue Dec 15 08:53:16 2009 -0800"
      },
      "message": "vmscan: have kswapd sleep for a short interval and double check it should be asleep\n\nAfter kswapd balances all zones in a pgdat, it goes to sleep.  In the\nevent of no IO congestion, kswapd can go to sleep very shortly after the\nhigh watermark was reached.  If there are a constant stream of allocations\nfrom parallel processes, it can mean that kswapd went to sleep too quickly\nand the high watermark is not being maintained for sufficient length time.\n\nThis patch makes kswapd go to sleep as a two-stage process.  It first\ntries to sleep for HZ/10.  If it is woken up by another process or the\nhigh watermark is no longer met, it\u0027s considered a premature sleep and\nkswapd continues work.  Otherwise it goes fully to sleep.\n\nThis adds more counters to distinguish between fast and slow breaches of\nwatermarks.  A \"fast\" premature sleep is one where the low watermark was\nhit in a very short time after kswapd going to sleep.  A \"slow\" premature\nsleep indicates that the high watermark was breached after a very short\ninterval.\n\nSigned-off-by: Mel Gorman \u003cmel@csn.ul.ie\u003e\nCc: Frans Pop \u003celendil@planet.nl\u003e\nCc: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nCc: Rik van Riel \u003criel@redhat.com\u003e\nCc: Christoph Lameter \u003ccl@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "4dac3e98840f11bb2d8d52fd375150c7c1912117",
      "tree": "64a464cb4df4a5e9683da4eabba0e7b399728023",
      "parents": [
        "0b44f4861f4cc1089424821f078d38441f8b4983"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "cl@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sat Oct 03 19:48:23 2009 +0900"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Tejun Heo",
        "email": "tj@kernel.org",
        "time": "Sat Oct 03 19:48:23 2009 +0900"
      },
      "message": "this_cpu: Use this_cpu ops for VM statistics\n\nUsing per cpu atomics for the vm statistics reduces their overhead.\nAnd in the case of x86 we are guaranteed that they will never race even\nin the lax form used for vm statistics.\n\nAcked-by: Tejun Heo \u003ctj@kernel.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003ccl@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Tejun Heo \u003ctj@kernel.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "adea02a1bea71a508da32c04d715485a1fe62029",
      "tree": "c78742bbab36bf3b8d20f84b4dc6dc6585bb7cb4",
      "parents": [
        "55c37a840d9ec0ebed5c944355156d490b1ad5d1"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Wu Fengguang",
        "email": "fengguang.wu@intel.com",
        "time": "Mon Sep 21 17:01:42 2009 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Tue Sep 22 07:17:30 2009 -0700"
      },
      "message": "mm: count only reclaimable lru pages\n\nglobal_lru_pages() / zone_lru_pages() can be used in two ways:\n- to estimate max reclaimable pages in determine_dirtyable_memory()\n- to calculate the slab scan ratio\n\nWhen swap is full or not present, the anon lru lists are not reclaimable\nand also won\u0027t be scanned.  So the anon pages shall not be counted in both\nusage scenarios.  Also rename to _reclaimable_pages: now they are counting\nthe possibly reclaimable lru pages.\n\nIt can greatly (and correctly) increase the slab scan rate under high\nmemory pressure (when most file pages have been reclaimed and swap is\nfull/absent), thus reduce false OOM kills.\n\nAcked-by: Peter Zijlstra \u003ca.p.zijlstra@chello.nl\u003e\nReviewed-by: Rik van Riel \u003criel@redhat.com\u003e\nReviewed-by: Christoph Lameter \u003ccl@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nReviewed-by: Minchan Kim \u003cminchan.kim@gmail.com\u003e\nCc: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Wu Fengguang \u003cfengguang.wu@intel.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Johannes Weiner \u003channes@cmpxchg.org\u003e\nReviewed-by: Minchan Kim \u003cminchan.kim@gmail.com\u003e\nReviewed-by: Jesse Barnes \u003cjbarnes@virtuousgeek.org\u003e\nCc: David Howells \u003cdhowells@redhat.com\u003e\nCc: \"Li, Ming Chun\" \u003cmacli@brc.ubc.ca\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "5a2ae913f5229d6e1d4a666f0477350789d5128e",
      "tree": "bb56d86baa5d491cfd780bb38c40ab2d22395b2d",
      "parents": [
        "35cd78156c499ef83f60605e4643d5a98fef14fd"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "KOSAKI Motohiro",
        "email": "kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com",
        "time": "Mon Sep 21 17:01:39 2009 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Tue Sep 22 07:17:30 2009 -0700"
      },
      "message": "mm: remove __{add,sub}_zone_page_state()\n\n__add_zone_page_state() and __sub_zone_page_state() are unused.\n\nSigned-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nCc: Wu Fengguang \u003cfengguang.wu@intel.com\u003e\nCc: Rik van Riel \u003criel@redhat.com\u003e\nCc: Minchan Kim \u003cminchan.kim@gmail.com\u003e\nCc: Christoph Lameter \u003ccl@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nCc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki \u003ckamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "24cf72518c79cdcda486ed26074ff8151291cf65",
      "tree": "0db04965fb57135e68edf62c332c3a3825c1e3b5",
      "parents": [
        "fa5e084e43eb14c14942027e1e2e894aeed96097"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Mel Gorman",
        "email": "mel@csn.ul.ie",
        "time": "Tue Jun 16 15:33:23 2009 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Tue Jun 16 19:47:46 2009 -0700"
      },
      "message": "vmscan: count the number of times zone_reclaim() scans and fails\n\nOn NUMA machines, the administrator can configure zone_reclaim_mode that\nis a more targetted form of direct reclaim.  On machines with large NUMA\ndistances for example, a zone_reclaim_mode defaults to 1 meaning that\nclean unmapped pages will be reclaimed if the zone watermarks are not\nbeing met.\n\nThere is a heuristic that determines if the scan is worthwhile but it is\npossible that the heuristic will fail and the CPU gets tied up scanning\nuselessly.  Detecting the situation requires some guesswork and\nexperimentation so this patch adds a counter \"zreclaim_failed\" to\n/proc/vmstat.  If during high CPU utilisation this counter is increasing\nrapidly, then the resolution to the problem may be to set\n/proc/sys/vm/zone_reclaim_mode to 0.\n\n[akpm@linux-foundation.org: name things consistently]\nSigned-off-by: Mel Gorman \u003cmel@csn.ul.ie\u003e\nReviewed-by: Rik van Riel \u003criel@redhat.com\u003e\nCc: Christoph Lameter \u003ccl@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nReviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nCc: Wu Fengguang \u003cfengguang.wu@intel.com\u003e\nCc: \u003cstable@kernel.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "6837765963f1723e80ca97b1fae660f3a60d77df",
      "tree": "a9a6ed4b7e3bf188966da78b04bf39298f24375a",
      "parents": [
        "bce7394a3ef82b8477952fbab838e4a6e8cb47d2"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "KOSAKI Motohiro",
        "email": "kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com",
        "time": "Tue Jun 16 15:32:51 2009 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Tue Jun 16 19:47:42 2009 -0700"
      },
      "message": "mm: remove CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU config option\n\nCurrently, nobody wants to turn UNEVICTABLE_LRU off.  Thus this\nconfigurability is unnecessary.\n\nSigned-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nCc: Johannes Weiner \u003channes@cmpxchg.org\u003e\nCc: Andi Kleen \u003candi@firstfloor.org\u003e\nAcked-by: Minchan Kim \u003cminchan.kim@gmail.com\u003e\nCc: David Woodhouse \u003cdwmw2@infradead.org\u003e\nCc: Matt Mackall \u003cmpm@selenic.com\u003e\nCc: Rik van Riel \u003criel@redhat.com\u003e\nCc: Lee Schermerhorn \u003clee.schermerhorn@hp.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "5c9fe6281b75832e8d2555ec8700ea763d9a865e",
      "tree": "a8ef6a23598322e1f93ba5e7ed8d24981f73ac8b",
      "parents": [
        "b6aa44ab698c7df9d951d3eb45c4fcb8ba68fb25"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Alexey Dobriyan",
        "email": "adobriyan@gmail.com",
        "time": "Mon Oct 06 04:19:42 2008 +0400"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Alexey Dobriyan",
        "email": "adobriyan@gmail.com",
        "time": "Thu Oct 23 17:35:04 2008 +0400"
      },
      "message": "proc: move /proc/zoneinfo boilerplate to mm/vmstat.c\n\nSigned-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan \u003cadobriyan@gmail.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Christoph Lameter \u003ccl@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "b6aa44ab698c7df9d951d3eb45c4fcb8ba68fb25",
      "tree": "3ddf82053cc10e4811e77918fb00aad1c09c94c1",
      "parents": [
        "74e2e8e8ce7b3c0f878a349f9fa6cf2831548eef"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Alexey Dobriyan",
        "email": "adobriyan@gmail.com",
        "time": "Mon Oct 06 04:17:48 2008 +0400"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Alexey Dobriyan",
        "email": "adobriyan@gmail.com",
        "time": "Thu Oct 23 17:12:51 2008 +0400"
      },
      "message": "proc: move /proc/vmstat boilerplate to mm/vmstat.c\n\nSigned-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan \u003cadobriyan@gmail.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Christoph Lameter \u003ccl@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "74e2e8e8ce7b3c0f878a349f9fa6cf2831548eef",
      "tree": "1de0e09b982c8c152f93b74842587e4c56df5484",
      "parents": [
        "8f32f7e5ac2ed11b0659b6b55af926f3d58ffd9d"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Alexey Dobriyan",
        "email": "adobriyan@gmail.com",
        "time": "Mon Oct 06 04:15:36 2008 +0400"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Alexey Dobriyan",
        "email": "adobriyan@gmail.com",
        "time": "Thu Oct 23 16:33:29 2008 +0400"
      },
      "message": "proc: move /proc/pagetypeinfo boilerplate to mm/vmstat.c\n\nSigned-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan \u003cadobriyan@gmail.com\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "8f32f7e5ac2ed11b0659b6b55af926f3d58ffd9d",
      "tree": "fa577deb5c664169ba3f7715006657fb7834ac32",
      "parents": [
        "5f6a6a9c4e4d790aae55cb412a7643329057c5e0"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Alexey Dobriyan",
        "email": "adobriyan@gmail.com",
        "time": "Mon Oct 06 04:13:52 2008 +0400"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Alexey Dobriyan",
        "email": "adobriyan@gmail.com",
        "time": "Thu Oct 23 16:12:04 2008 +0400"
      },
      "message": "proc: move /proc/buddyinfo boilerplate to mm/vmstat.c\n\nSigned-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan \u003cadobriyan@gmail.com\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "985737cf2ea096ea946aed82c7484d40defc71a8",
      "tree": "b96dc3b8c28f743857a7a1fff25472d6e0f60120",
      "parents": [
        "af936a1606246a10c145feac3770f6287f483f02"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Lee Schermerhorn",
        "email": "lee.schermerhorn@hp.com",
        "time": "Sat Oct 18 20:26:53 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Mon Oct 20 08:52:31 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "mlock: count attempts to free mlocked page\n\nAllow free of mlock()ed pages.  This shouldn\u0027t happen, but during\ndevelopement, it occasionally did.\n\nThis patch allows us to survive that condition, while keeping the\nstatistics and events correct for debug.\n\nSigned-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn \u003clee.schermerhorn@hp.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Rik van Riel \u003criel@redhat.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "5344b7e648980cc2ca613ec03a56a8222ff48820",
      "tree": "f9f8773ae8e38fb91aec52ca9ad2bd81f039b565",
      "parents": [
        "ba470de43188cdbff795b5da43a1474523c6c2fb"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Nick Piggin",
        "email": "npiggin@suse.de",
        "time": "Sat Oct 18 20:26:51 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Mon Oct 20 08:52:31 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "vmstat: mlocked pages statistics\n\nAdd NR_MLOCK zone page state, which provides a (conservative) count of\nmlocked pages (actually, the number of mlocked pages moved off the LRU).\n\nReworked by lts to fit in with the modified mlock page support in the\nReclaim Scalability series.\n\n[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix incorrect Mlocked field of /proc/meminfo]\n[lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: mlocked-pages: add event counting with statistics]\nSigned-off-by: Nick Piggin \u003cnpiggin@suse.de\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn \u003clee.schermerhorn@hp.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Rik van Riel \u003criel@redhat.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "bbfd28eee9fbd73e780b19beb3dc562befbb94fa",
      "tree": "0e810fcd61501ef57e613a737593067b0bc61d40",
      "parents": [
        "894bc310419ac95f4fa4142dc364401a7e607f65"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Lee Schermerhorn",
        "email": "lee.schermerhorn@hp.com",
        "time": "Sat Oct 18 20:26:40 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Mon Oct 20 08:50:26 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "unevictable lru: add event counting with statistics\n\nFix to unevictable-lru-page-statistics.patch\n\nAdd unevictable lru infrastructure vm events to the statistics patch.\nRename the \"NORECL_\" and \"noreclaim_\" symbols and text strings to\n\"UNEVICTABLE_\" and \"unevictable_\", respectively.\n\nCurrently, both the infrastructure and the mlocked pages event are\nadded by a single patch later in the series.  This makes it difficult\nto add or rework the incremental patches.  The events actually \"belong\"\nwith the stats, so pull them up to here.\n\nAlso, restore the event counting to putback_lru_page().  This was removed\nfrom previous patch in series where it was \"misplaced\".  The actual events\nweren\u0027t defined that early.\n\nSigned-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn \u003clee.schermerhorn@hp.com\u003e\nCc: Rik van Riel \u003criel@redhat.com\u003e\nReviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nCc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki \u003ckamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "4f98a2fee8acdb4ac84545df98cccecfd130f8db",
      "tree": "035a2937f4c3e2f7b4269412041c073ac646937c",
      "parents": [
        "b2e185384f534781fd22f5ce170b2ad26f97df70"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Rik van Riel",
        "email": "riel@redhat.com",
        "time": "Sat Oct 18 20:26:32 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Mon Oct 20 08:50:25 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "vmscan: split LRU lists into anon \u0026 file sets\n\nSplit the LRU lists in two, one set for pages that are backed by real file\nsystems (\"file\") and one for pages that are backed by memory and swap\n(\"anon\").  The latter includes tmpfs.\n\nThe advantage of doing this is that the VM will not have to scan over lots\nof anonymous pages (which we generally do not want to swap out), just to\nfind the page cache pages that it should evict.\n\nThis patch has the infrastructure and a basic policy to balance how much\nwe scan the anon lists and how much we scan the file lists.  The big\npolicy changes are in separate patches.\n\n[lee.schermerhorn@hp.com: collect lru meminfo statistics from correct offset]\n[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: prevent incorrect oom under split_lru]\n[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix pagevec_move_tail() doesn\u0027t treat unevictable page]\n[hugh@veritas.com: memcg swapbacked pages active]\n[hugh@veritas.com: splitlru: BDI_CAP_SWAP_BACKED]\n[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix /proc/vmstat units]\n[nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp: memcg: fix handling of shmem migration]\n[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: adjust Quicklists field of /proc/meminfo]\n[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix style issue of get_scan_ratio()]\nSigned-off-by: Rik van Riel \u003criel@redhat.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn \u003cLee.Schermerhorn@hp.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Hugh Dickins \u003chugh@veritas.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Daisuke Nishimura \u003cnishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "c748e1340e0de3fa7fed86f8bdf499be9242afff",
      "tree": "864d3133bb8c3f73615497ef1fc557fcf93e5f1b",
      "parents": [
        "4f5ca265788973e3f5a1129a96ee4a9cbf587f2b"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Adrian Bunk",
        "email": "bunk@kernel.org",
        "time": "Wed Jul 23 21:27:03 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Thu Jul 24 10:47:14 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "mm/vmstat.c: proper externs\n\nThis patch adds proper extern declarations for five variables in\ninclude/linux/vmstat.h\n\nSigned-off-by: Adrian Bunk \u003cbunk@kernel.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "3b1163006332302117b1b2acf226d4014ff46525",
      "tree": "c9e43179620cfe612ce57795cb0b1e1ceb2c9d1b",
      "parents": [
        "122c7a59055c77434118d7dd4dff4b625d4a2c15"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Adam Litke",
        "email": "agl@us.ibm.com",
        "time": "Mon Apr 28 02:13:06 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Mon Apr 28 08:58:23 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Subject: [PATCH] hugetlb: vmstat events for huge page allocations\n\nAllocating huge pages directly from the buddy allocator is not guaranteed to\nsucceed.  Success depends on several factors (such as the amount of physical\nmemory available and the level of fragmentation).  With the addition of\ndynamic hugetlb pool resizing, allocations can occur much more frequently.\nFor these reasons it is desirable to keep track of huge page allocation\nsuccesses and failures.\n\nAdd two new vmstat entries to track huge page allocations that succeed and\nfail.  The presence of the two entries is contingent upon CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE\nbeing enabled.\n\n[akpm@linux-foundation.org: reduced ifdeffery]\nSigned-off-by: Adam Litke \u003cagl@us.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Eric Munson \u003cebmunson@us.ibm.com\u003e\nTested-by: Mel Gorman \u003cmel@csn.ul.ie\u003e\nReviewed-by: Andy Whitcroft \u003capw@shadowen.org\u003e\nCc: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "18ea7e710d2452fa726814a406779188028cf1bf",
      "tree": "dfa439770b4344ade1ad8bd4fe70920ad66ee064",
      "parents": [
        "0e88460da6ab7bb6a7ef83675412ed5b6315d741"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Mel Gorman",
        "email": "mel@csn.ul.ie",
        "time": "Mon Apr 28 02:12:14 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Mon Apr 28 08:58:18 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "mm: remember what the preferred zone is for zone_statistics\n\nOn NUMA, zone_statistics() is used to record events like numa hit, miss and\nforeign.  It assumes that the first zone in a zonelist is the preferred zone.\nWhen multiple zonelists are replaced by one that is filtered, this is no\nlonger the case.\n\nThis patch records what the preferred zone is rather than assuming the first\nzone in the zonelist is it.  This simplifies the reading of later patches in\nthis set.\n\nSigned-off-by: Mel Gorman \u003cmel@csn.ul.ie\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn \u003clee.schermerhorn@hp.com\u003e\nCc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki \u003ckamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nCc: Mel Gorman \u003cmel@csn.ul.ie\u003e\nReviewed-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nCc: Hugh Dickins \u003chugh@veritas.com\u003e\nCc: Nick Piggin \u003cnickpiggin@yahoo.com.au\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "57ce36feb4d1281247755bc445bae77728298955",
      "tree": "2f298beff8e4c7e3365556b1e570b52a0ef8550e",
      "parents": [
        "83afdf2464ac17ad6321a68b2fe7528c9aa88016"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Uwe Kleine-König",
        "email": "Uwe.Kleine-Koenig@digi.com",
        "time": "Mon Feb 25 16:45:03 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Fri Feb 29 08:36:13 2008 -0800"
      },
      "message": "let __dec_zone_page_state use __dec_zone_state\n\nThis removes code duplication and makes __dec_zone_page_state look like\n__inc_zone_page_state.\n\nSigned-off-by: Uwe Kleine-König \u003cUwe.Kleine-Koenig@digi.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "2a1e274acf0b1c192face19a4be7c12d4503eaaf",
      "tree": "f7e98e1fe19d38bb10bf178fb8f8ed1789b659b2",
      "parents": [
        "769848c03895b63e5662eb7e4ec8c4866f7d0183"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Mel Gorman",
        "email": "mel@csn.ul.ie",
        "time": "Tue Jul 17 04:03:12 2007 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Tue Jul 17 10:22:59 2007 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Create the ZONE_MOVABLE zone\n\nThe following 8 patches against 2.6.20-mm2 create a zone called ZONE_MOVABLE\nthat is only usable by allocations that specify both __GFP_HIGHMEM and\n__GFP_MOVABLE.  This has the effect of keeping all non-movable pages within a\nsingle memory partition while allowing movable allocations to be satisfied\nfrom either partition.  The patches may be applied with the list-based\nanti-fragmentation patches that groups pages together based on mobility.\n\nThe size of the zone is determined by a kernelcore\u003d parameter specified at\nboot-time.  This specifies how much memory is usable by non-movable\nallocations and the remainder is used for ZONE_MOVABLE.  Any range of pages\nwithin ZONE_MOVABLE can be released by migrating the pages or by reclaiming.\n\nWhen selecting a zone to take pages from for ZONE_MOVABLE, there are two\nthings to consider.  First, only memory from the highest populated zone is\nused for ZONE_MOVABLE.  On the x86, this is probably going to be ZONE_HIGHMEM\nbut it would be ZONE_DMA on ppc64 or possibly ZONE_DMA32 on x86_64.  Second,\nthe amount of memory usable by the kernel will be spread evenly throughout\nNUMA nodes where possible.  If the nodes are not of equal size, the amount of\nmemory usable by the kernel on some nodes may be greater than others.\n\nBy default, the zone is not as useful for hugetlb allocations because they are\npinned and non-migratable (currently at least).  A sysctl is provided that\nallows huge pages to be allocated from that zone.  This means that the huge\npage pool can be resized to the size of ZONE_MOVABLE during the lifetime of\nthe system assuming that pages are not mlocked.  Despite huge pages being\nnon-movable, we do not introduce additional external fragmentation of note as\nhuge pages are always the largest contiguous block we care about.\n\nCredit goes to Andy Whitcroft for catching a large variety of problems during\nreview of the patches.\n\nThis patch creates an additional zone, ZONE_MOVABLE.  This zone is only usable\nby allocations which specify both __GFP_HIGHMEM and __GFP_MOVABLE.  Hot-added\nmemory continues to be placed in their existing destination as there is no\nmechanism to redirect them to a specific zone.\n\n[y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com: Fix section mismatch of memory hotplug related code]\n[akpm@linux-foundation.org: various fixes]\nSigned-off-by: Mel Gorman \u003cmel@csn.ul.ie\u003e\nCc: Andy Whitcroft \u003capw@shadowen.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Yasunori Goto \u003cy-goto@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nCc: William Lee Irwin III \u003cwli@holomorphy.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "d1187ed21026fd512b87851d0ca26d9ae16f9059",
      "tree": "35d77758f134f3b69d3e00ca042a5d5ca6a59373",
      "parents": [
        "455c017ae3934797653549704c286e7bcc3a9397"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Wed May 09 02:35:12 2007 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Wed May 09 12:30:56 2007 -0700"
      },
      "message": "vmstat: use our own timer events\n\nvmstat is currently using the cache reaper to periodically bring the\nstatistics up to date.  The cache reaper does only exists in SLUB as a way to\nprovide compatibility with SLAB.  This patch removes the vmstat calls from the\nslab allocators and provides its own handling.\n\nThe advantage is also that we can use a different frequency for the updates.\nRefreshing vm stats is a pretty fast job so we can run this every second and\nstagger this by only one tick.  This will lead to some overlap in large\nsystems.  F.e a system running at 250 HZ with 1024 processors will have 4 vm\nupdates occurring at once.\n\nHowever, the vm stats update only accesses per node information.  It is only\nnecessary to stagger the vm statistics updates per processor in each node.  Vm\ncounter updates occurring on distant nodes will not cause cacheline\ncontention.\n\nWe could implement an alternate approach that runs the first processor on each\nnode at the second and then each of the other processor on a node on a\nsubsequent tick.  That may be useful to keep a large amount of the second free\nof timer activity.  Maybe the timer folks will have some feedback on this one?\n\n[jirislaby@gmail.com: add missing break]\nCc: Arjan van de Ven \u003carjan@linux.intel.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Jiri Slaby \u003cjirislaby@gmail.com\u003e\nCc: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@tv-sign.ru\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "780a065668b1c6ca6a70c7d36b9f6552ea3bb5f5",
      "tree": "4d61d1d042a1a58b84bdf8f5b4b0a33146271a54",
      "parents": [
        "7131b6d167b41593463ce98df17e101e776bf5ec"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Andrew Morton",
        "email": "akpm@osdl.org",
        "time": "Sat Feb 10 01:44:41 2007 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sun Feb 11 10:51:25 2007 -0800"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] count_vm_events-warning-fix\n\n- Prevent things like this:\n\n\tblock/ll_rw_blk.c: In function \u0027submit_bio\u0027:\n\tblock/ll_rw_blk.c:3222: warning: unused variable \u0027count\u0027\n\n  inlines are very, very preferable to macros.\n\n- remove unused get_cpu_vm_events() macro\n\nCc: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@engr.sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "4b51d66989218aad731a721b5b28c79bf5388c09",
      "tree": "8ff7acbd219f699c20c2f1fd201ffb3db5a64062",
      "parents": [
        "66701b1499a3ff11882c8c4aef36e8eac86e17b1"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Sat Feb 10 01:43:10 2007 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sun Feb 11 10:51:18 2007 -0800"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] optional ZONE_DMA: optional ZONE_DMA in the VM\n\nMake ZONE_DMA optional in core code.\n\n- ifdef all code for ZONE_DMA and related definitions following the example\n  for ZONE_DMA32 and ZONE_HIGHMEM.\n\n- Without ZONE_DMA, ZONE_HIGHMEM and ZONE_DMA32 we get to a ZONES_SHIFT of\n  0.\n\n- Modify the VM statistics to work correctly without a DMA zone.\n\n- Modify slab to not create DMA slabs if there is no ZONE_DMA.\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: cleanup]\n[jdike@addtoit.com: build fix]\n[apw@shadowen.org: Simplify calculation of the number of bits we need for ZONES_SHIFT]\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nCc: Andi Kleen \u003cak@suse.de\u003e\nCc: \"Luck, Tony\" \u003ctony.luck@intel.com\u003e\nCc: Kyle McMartin \u003ckyle@mcmartin.ca\u003e\nCc: Matthew Wilcox \u003cwilly@debian.org\u003e\nCc: James Bottomley \u003cJames.Bottomley@steeleye.com\u003e\nCc: Paul Mundt \u003clethal@linux-sh.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andy Whitcroft \u003capw@shadowen.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Jeff Dike \u003cjdike@addtoit.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "96177299416dbccb73b54e6b344260154a445375",
      "tree": "586454851d0fbbb365d6b12c852d5a7dd6b004f4",
      "parents": [
        "51ed4491271be8c56bdb2a03481ed34ea4984bc2"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Sat Feb 10 01:43:03 2007 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sun Feb 11 10:51:18 2007 -0800"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] Drop free_pages()\n\nnr_free_pages is now a simple access to a global variable.  Make it a macro\ninstead of a function.\n\nThe nr_free_pages now requires vmstat.h to be included.  There is one\noccurrence in power management where we need to add the include.  Directly\nrefrer to global_page_state() there to clarify why the #include was added.\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: arm build fix]\n[akpm@osdl.org: sparc64 build fix]\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "c878538598d1e7ab41ecc0de8894e34e2fdef630",
      "tree": "d22e73fddef75521e287c3e7754a1d3224c348d9",
      "parents": [
        "c3704ceb4ad055b489b143f4e37c57d128908012"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Sat Feb 10 01:43:01 2007 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sun Feb 11 10:51:17 2007 -0800"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] Use ZVC for inactive and active counts\n\nThe determination of the dirty ratio to determine writeback behavior is\ncurrently based on the number of total pages on the system.\n\nHowever, not all pages in the system may be dirtied.  Thus the ratio is always\ntoo low and can never reach 100%.  The ratio may be particularly skewed if\nlarge hugepage allocations, slab allocations or device driver buffers make\nlarge sections of memory not available anymore.  In that case we may get into\na situation in which f.e.  the background writeback ratio of 40% cannot be\nreached anymore which leads to undesired writeback behavior.\n\nThis patchset fixes that issue by determining the ratio based on the actual\npages that may potentially be dirty.  These are the pages on the active and\nthe inactive list plus free pages.\n\nThe problem with those counts has so far been that it is expensive to\ncalculate these because counts from multiple nodes and multiple zones will\nhave to be summed up.  This patchset makes these counters ZVC counters.  This\nmeans that a current sum per zone, per node and for the whole system is always\navailable via global variables and not expensive anymore to calculate.\n\nThe patchset results in some other good side effects:\n\n- Removal of the various functions that sum up free, active and inactive\n  page counts\n\n- Cleanup of the functions that display information via the proc filesystem.\n\nThis patch:\n\nThe use of a ZVC for nr_inactive and nr_active allows a simplification of some\ncounter operations.  More ZVC functionality is used for sums etc in the\nfollowing patches.\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: UP build fix]\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "e903387f1ebe3a7ddb93cd49c38341d3632df528",
      "tree": "f1e8b1a5f5b774c93331c8edd733c49f8da55512",
      "parents": [
        "67af63a6ab4ce064f807bdce614fe0fa2bcea252"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Magnus Damm",
        "email": "damm@opensource.se",
        "time": "Fri Dec 22 01:08:01 2006 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@woody.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Dec 22 08:55:48 2006 -0800"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] fix vm_events_fold_cpu() build breakage\n\nfix vm_events_fold_cpu() build breakage\n\n2.6.20-rc1 does not build properly if CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS is set\nand CONFIG_HOTPLUG is unset:\n\n  CC      init/version.o\n  LD      init/built-in.o\n  LD      .tmp_vmlinux1\nmm/built-in.o: In function `page_alloc_cpu_notify\u0027:\npage_alloc.c:(.text+0x56eb): undefined reference to `vm_events_fold_cpu\u0027\nmake: *** [.tmp_vmlinux1] Error 1\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: cleanup]\nSigned-off-by: Magnus Damm \u003cmagnus@valinux.co.jp\u003e\nCc: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@engr.sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "2aea4fb61609ba7ef82f7dc6fca116bda88816e1",
      "tree": "e6281c312412e75d4e15691231165370ae0c3168",
      "parents": [
        "0b76e20b27d20f7cb240e6b1b2dbebaa1b7f9b60"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Paul Jackson",
        "email": "pj@sgi.com",
        "time": "Fri Dec 22 01:06:10 2006 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@woody.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Dec 22 08:55:46 2006 -0800"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTER comment decrustify\n\nThe VM event counters, enabled by CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS, which provides\nVM event counters in /proc/vmstat, has become more essential to\nnon-EMBEDDED kernel configurations than they were in the past.  Comments in\nthe code and the Kconfig configuration explanation were stale, downplaying\ntheir role excessively.\n\nRefresh those comments to correctly reflect the current role of VM event\ncounters.\n\nSigned-off-by: Paul Jackson \u003cpj@sgi.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "3ca212b813299899d2968aa0a24a797c3746f5ec",
      "tree": "2f3718cb7ae02da400def2c49cb9b5a691b004ef",
      "parents": [
        "ee731f4f7880b09ca147008ab46ad4e5f72cb8bf"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Dave Jones",
        "email": "davej@redhat.com",
        "time": "Fri Sep 29 02:00:14 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Sep 29 09:18:13 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] Remove another config.h\n\nAfter the asm/ uses of #include \u003clinux/config.h\u003e this one is the next\nbiggest source of noise.\n\nSigned-off-by: Dave Jones \u003cdavej@redhat.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "27bf71c2a7e596ed34e9bf2d4a5030321a09a1ad",
      "tree": "30aca46595486b7a9d69d2d2f58b305cf32f41d9",
      "parents": [
        "e53ef38d05dd59ed281a35590e4a5b64d8ff4c52"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Mon Sep 25 23:31:15 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Tue Sep 26 08:48:47 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] reduce MAX_NR_ZONES: remove display of counters for unconfigured zones\n\neventcounters: Do not display counters for zones that are not available on an\narch\n\nDo not define or display counters for the DMA32 and the HIGHMEM zone if such\nzones were not configured.\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: s390 fix]\n[heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com: s390 fix]\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nCc: Martin Schwidefsky \u003cschwidefsky@de.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Heiko Carstens \u003cheiko.carstens@de.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "fb0e7942bdcbbd2f90e61cb4cfa4fa892a873f8a",
      "tree": "71344e9afafbd631f4ac010bc8c48e0b16737299",
      "parents": [
        "2f1b6248682f8b39ca3c7e549dfc216d26c4109b"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Mon Sep 25 23:31:13 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Tue Sep 26 08:48:46 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] reduce MAX_NR_ZONES: make ZONE_DMA32 optional\n\nMake ZONE_DMA32 optional\n\n- Add #ifdefs around ZONE_DMA32 specific code and definitions.\n\n- Add CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32 config option and use that for x86_64\n  that alone needs this zone.\n\n- Remove the use of CONFIG_DMA_IS_DMA32 and CONFIG_DMA_IS_NORMAL\n  for ia64 and fix up the way per node ZVCs are calculated.\n\n- Fall back to prior GFP_ZONEMASK of 0x03 if there is no\n  DMA32 zone.\n\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "38cbcdc0a7be69a15462dc49512d43353f34b43b",
      "tree": "ca036409ffc9c027dce64281b55ad1ef973c4f14",
      "parents": [
        "9f59ce5d0e0dd837853385927b150f5cef3a7f52"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Jan Blunck",
        "email": "jblunck@suse.de",
        "time": "Sat Aug 05 12:14:14 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Sun Aug 06 08:57:47 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] fix vmstat per cpu usage\n\nThe per cpu variables are used incorrectly in vmstat.h.\n\nSigned-off-by: Jan Blunck \u003cjblunck@suse.de\u003e\nCc: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@engr.sgi.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Steve Fox \u003cdrfickle@us.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "7f4599e9cd6bca0efc1000359584d1cff68f9f13",
      "tree": "63a02f7d0574d8bab3ec96657ae30985fcbb88e3",
      "parents": [
        "06a9ec291b3aec9c7e36af0a10ad2b556bd7e84f"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Mon Jul 10 04:44:30 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Mon Jul 10 13:24:18 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] ZVC: add __inc_zone_state for !SMP configuration\n\nIt turns out that there is a way to build a kernel with NUMA and no SMP.\nIn that case we are missing one definition __inc_zone_state.\n\nProvide that missing __inc_zone_state.\n\n(akpm: NUMA \u0026\u0026 !SMP sounds odd, but I am told \"But there is the concept of\ncpuless nodes.  A NUMA system without SMP has a single processor but multiple\nmemory nodes.  This used to work before on IA64 (wasn\u0027t aware of it, never seen\nanyone with this kind of thing).\")\n\nAcked-by: Tony Luck \u003ctony.luck@intel.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "e45b3b6af09dab2a28a7c88b340d0bcdd173e068",
      "tree": "54fe9104271396ceb02985be631debc55b18013a",
      "parents": [
        "1a91023a9f172f820e292f2c5675fb9f8e2636f0"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Andrew Morton",
        "email": "akpm@osdl.org",
        "time": "Mon Jul 10 04:43:50 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Mon Jul 10 13:24:13 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] count_vm_events() fix\n\nDopey bug.  Causes hopelessly-wrong numbers from vmstat(8) and several other\ncounters.\n\nCc: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@engr.sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "f8891e5e1f93a128c3900f82035e8541357896a7",
      "tree": "97b078ac97970962b17c85d39fd64cb48dc01168",
      "parents": [
        "ca889e6c45e0b112cb2ca9d35afc66297519b5d5"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 01:55:45 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 11:25:36 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] Light weight event counters\n\nThe remaining counters in page_state after the zoned VM counter patches\nhave been applied are all just for show in /proc/vmstat.  They have no\nessential function for the VM.\n\nWe use a simple increment of per cpu variables.  In order to avoid the most\nsevere races we disable preempt.  Preempt does not prevent the race between\nan increment and an interrupt handler incrementing the same statistics\ncounter.  However, that race is exceedingly rare, we may only loose one\nincrement or so and there is no requirement (at least not in kernel) that\nthe vm event counters have to be accurate.\n\nIn the non preempt case this results in a simple increment for each\ncounter.  For many architectures this will be reduced by the compiler to a\nsingle instruction.  This single instruction is atomic for i386 and x86_64.\n And therefore even the rare race condition in an interrupt is avoided for\nboth architectures in most cases.\n\nThe patchset also adds an off switch for embedded systems that allows a\nbuilding of linux kernels without these counters.\n\nThe implementation of these counters is through inline code that hopefully\nresults in only a single instruction increment instruction being emitted\n(i386, x86_64) or in the increment being hidden though instruction\nconcurrency (EPIC architectures such as ia64 can get that done).\n\nBenefits:\n- VM event counter operations usually reduce to a single inline instruction\n  on i386 and x86_64.\n- No interrupt disable, only preempt disable for the preempt case.\n  Preempt disable can also be avoided by moving the counter into a spinlock.\n- Handling is similar to zoned VM counters.\n- Simple and easily extendable.\n- Can be omitted to reduce memory use for embedded use.\n\nReferences:\n\nRFC http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l\u003dlinux-kernel\u0026m\u003d113512330605497\u0026w\u003d2\nRFC http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l\u003dlinux-kernel\u0026m\u003d114988082814934\u0026w\u003d2\nlocal_t http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l\u003dlinux-kernel\u0026m\u003d114991748606690\u0026w\u003d2\nV2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t\u003d115014808400007\u0026r\u003d1\u0026w\u003d2\nV3 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l\u003dlinux-kernel\u0026m\u003d115024767022346\u0026w\u003d2\nV4 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l\u003dlinux-kernel\u0026m\u003d115047968808926\u0026w\u003d2\n\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "ca889e6c45e0b112cb2ca9d35afc66297519b5d5",
      "tree": "0a5efdec2a61540204d34bcbf56dc691d8f9c391",
      "parents": [
        "bab1846a0582f627f5ec22aa2dc5f4f3e82e8176"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 01:55:44 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 11:25:36 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] Use Zoned VM Counters for NUMA statistics\n\nThe numa statistics are really event counters.  But they are per node and\nso we have had special treatment for these counters through additional\nfields on the pcp structure.  We can now use the per zone nature of the\nzoned VM counters to realize these.\n\nThis will shrink the size of the pcp structure on NUMA systems.  We will\nhave some room to add additional per zone counters that will all still fit\nin the same cacheline.\n\n Bits\tPrior pcp size\t  \tSize after patch\tWe can add\n ------------------------------------------------------------------\n 64\t128 bytes (16 words)\t80 bytes (10 words)\t48\n 32\t 76 bytes (19 words)\t56 bytes (14 words)\t8 (64 byte cacheline)\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t72 (128 byte)\n\nRemove the special statistics for numa and replace them with zoned vm\ncounters.  This has the side effect that global sums of these events now\nshow up in /proc/vmstat.\n\nAlso take the opportunity to move the zone_statistics() function from\npage_alloc.c into vmstat.c.\n\nDiscussions:\nV2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t\u003d115048227000002\u0026r\u003d1\u0026w\u003d2\n\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Andi Kleen \u003cak@suse.de\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "bab1846a0582f627f5ec22aa2dc5f4f3e82e8176",
      "tree": "79b6f31881f578a4db8a98ed97be4fc0db3f4ac1",
      "parents": [
        "c24f21bda88df4574de0a32a2a1558a23adae1b8"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Andrew Morton",
        "email": "akpm@osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 01:55:43 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 11:25:36 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] zoned-vm-counters: remove read_page_state()\n\nNo callers.\n\nCc: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@engr.sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "d2c5e30c9a1420902262aa923794d2ae4e0bc391",
      "tree": "b8c42c189c2bc8dd4b6d808ee8ed2b28dbd70ddd",
      "parents": [
        "fd39fc8561be33065306bdac0e30414e1e8ac8e1"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 01:55:41 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 11:25:36 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] zoned vm counters: conversion of nr_bounce to per zone counter\n\nConversion of nr_bounce to a per zone counter\n\nnr_bounce is only used for proc output.  So it could be left as an event\ncounter.  However, the event counters may not be accurate and nr_bounce is\ncategorizing types of pages in a zone.  So we really need this to also be a\nper zone counter.\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "fd39fc8561be33065306bdac0e30414e1e8ac8e1",
      "tree": "ae0740716eed3f850a8f7232c61caebe360bb5ae",
      "parents": [
        "ce866b34ae1b7f1ce60234cf65855886ac7e7d30"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 01:55:40 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 11:25:36 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] zoned vm counters: conversion of nr_unstable to per zone counter\n\nConversion of nr_unstable to a per zone counter\n\nWe need to do some special modifications to the nfs code since there are\nmultiple cases of disposition and we need to have a page ref for proper\naccounting.\n\nThis converts the last critical page state of the VM and therefore we need to\nremove several functions that were depending on GET_PAGE_STATE_LAST in order\nto make the kernel compile again.  We are only left with event type counters\nin page state.\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: bugfixes]\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nCc: Trond Myklebust \u003ctrond.myklebust@fys.uio.no\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "ce866b34ae1b7f1ce60234cf65855886ac7e7d30",
      "tree": "e9a2664f0abc5221b9a92e1417d8e02b94a634c4",
      "parents": [
        "b1e7a8fd854d2f895730e82137400012b509650e"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 01:55:40 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 11:25:35 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] zoned vm counters: conversion of nr_writeback to per zone counter\n\nConversion of nr_writeback to per zone counter.\n\nThis removes the last page_state counter from arch/i386/mm/pgtable.c so we\ndrop the page_state from there.\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nCc: Trond Myklebust \u003ctrond.myklebust@fys.uio.no\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "b1e7a8fd854d2f895730e82137400012b509650e",
      "tree": "9fba87ff6b0146ebd4ee5bc7d5f0c8b037dbb3ad",
      "parents": [
        "df849a1529c106f7460e51479ca78fe07b07dc8c"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 01:55:39 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 11:25:35 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] zoned vm counters: conversion of nr_dirty to per zone counter\n\nThis makes nr_dirty a per zone counter.  Looping over all processors is\navoided during writeback state determination.\n\nThe counter aggregation for nr_dirty had to be undone in the NFS layer since\nwe summed up the page counts from multiple zones.  Someone more familiar with\nNFS should probably review what I have done.\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nCc: Trond Myklebust \u003ctrond.myklebust@fys.uio.no\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "df849a1529c106f7460e51479ca78fe07b07dc8c",
      "tree": "f0e52e4720160aa7540a57715c247dce44584cbc",
      "parents": [
        "9a865ffa34b6117a5e0b67640a084d8c2e198c93"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 01:55:38 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 11:25:35 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] zoned vm counters: conversion of nr_pagetables to per zone counter\n\nConversion of nr_page_table_pages to a per zone counter\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "9a865ffa34b6117a5e0b67640a084d8c2e198c93",
      "tree": "c295d5a0831df81eeeded3834f32f513b9ae05c7",
      "parents": [
        "34aa1330f9b3c5783d269851d467326525207422"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 01:55:38 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 11:25:35 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] zoned vm counters: conversion of nr_slab to per zone counter\n\n- Allows reclaim to access counter without looping over processor counts.\n\n- Allows accurate statistics on how many pages are used in a zone by\n  the slab. This may become useful to balance slab allocations over\n  various zones.\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "65ba55f500a37272985d071c9bbb35256a2f7c14",
      "tree": "e7735326ef2d2dca9d00a6c5ae47e9eb03c7834f",
      "parents": [
        "2244b95a7bcf8d24196f8a3a44187ba5dfff754c"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 01:55:34 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 11:25:34 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] zoned vm counters: convert nr_mapped to per zone counter\n\nnr_mapped is important because it allows a determination of how many pages of\na zone are not mapped, which would allow a more efficient means of determining\nwhen we need to reclaim memory in a zone.\n\nWe take the nr_mapped field out of the page state structure and define a new\nper zone counter named NR_FILE_MAPPED (the anonymous pages will be split off\nfrom NR_MAPPED in the next patch).\n\nWe replace the use of nr_mapped in various kernel locations.  This avoids the\nlooping over all processors in try_to_free_pages(), writeback, reclaim (swap +\nzone reclaim).\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nCc: Trond Myklebust \u003ctrond.myklebust@fys.uio.no\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "2244b95a7bcf8d24196f8a3a44187ba5dfff754c",
      "tree": "771ef8eae45c2794fd73f870109c74d67c28888a",
      "parents": [
        "f6ac2354d791195ca40822b84d73d48a4e8b7f2b"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 01:55:33 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 11:25:34 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] zoned vm counters: basic ZVC (zoned vm counter) implementation\n\nPer zone counter infrastructure\n\nThe counters that we currently have for the VM are split per processor.  The\nprocessor however has not much to do with the zone these pages belong to.  We\ncannot tell f.e.  how many ZONE_DMA pages are dirty.\n\nSo we are blind to potentially inbalances in the usage of memory in various\nzones.  F.e.  in a NUMA system we cannot tell how many pages are dirty on a\nparticular node.  If we knew then we could put measures into the VM to balance\nthe use of memory between different zones and different nodes in a NUMA\nsystem.  For example it would be possible to limit the dirty pages per node so\nthat fast local memory is kept available even if a process is dirtying huge\namounts of pages.\n\nAnother example is zone reclaim.  We do not know how many unmapped pages exist\nper zone.  So we just have to try to reclaim.  If it is not working then we\npause and try again later.  It would be better if we knew when it makes sense\nto reclaim unmapped pages from a zone.  This patchset allows the determination\nof the number of unmapped pages per zone.  We can remove the zone reclaim\ninterval with the counters introduced here.\n\nFuthermore the ability to have various usage statistics available will allow\nthe development of new NUMA balancing algorithms that may be able to improve\nthe decision making in the scheduler of when to move a process to another node\nand hopefully will also enable automatic page migration through a user space\nprogram that can analyse the memory load distribution and then rebalance\nmemory use in order to increase performance.\n\nThe counter framework here implements differential counters for each processor\nin struct zone.  The differential counters are consolidated when a threshold\nis exceeded (like done in the current implementation for nr_pageache), when\nslab reaping occurs or when a consolidation function is called.\n\nConsolidation uses atomic operations and accumulates counters per zone in the\nzone structure and also globally in the vm_stat array.  VM functions can\naccess the counts by simply indexing a global or zone specific array.\n\nThe arrangement of counters in an array also simplifies processing when output\nhas to be generated for /proc/*.\n\nCounters can be updated by calling inc/dec_zone_page_state or\n_inc/dec_zone_page_state analogous to *_page_state.  The second group of\nfunctions can be called if it is known that interrupts are disabled.\n\nSpecial optimized increment and decrement functions are provided.  These can\navoid certain checks and use increment or decrement instructions that an\narchitecture may provide.\n\nWe also add a new CONFIG_DMA_IS_NORMAL that signifies that an architecture can\ndo DMA to all memory and therefore ZONE_NORMAL will not be populated.  This is\nonly currently set for IA64 SGI SN2 and currently only affects\nnode_page_state().  In the best case node_page_state can be reduced to\nretrieving a single counter for the one zone on the node.\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: cleanups]\n[akpm@osdl.org: export vm_stat[] for filesystems]\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nCc: Trond Myklebust \u003ctrond.myklebust@fys.uio.no\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "f6ac2354d791195ca40822b84d73d48a4e8b7f2b",
      "tree": "5f600175cf3591eac3d32bb8cebfd45d0aabf804",
      "parents": [
        "672b2714ae57af16fe7d760dc4e0918a7a6cb0fa"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Christoph Lameter",
        "email": "clameter@sgi.com",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 01:55:32 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 11:25:34 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] zoned vm counters: create vmstat.c/.h from page_alloc.c/.h\n\nNOTE: ZVC are *not* the lightweight event counters.  ZVCs are reliable whereas\nevent counters do not need to be.\n\nZone based VM statistics are necessary to be able to determine what the state\nof memory in one zone is.  In a NUMA system this can be helpful for local\nreclaim and other memory optimizations that may be able to shift VM load in\norder to get more balanced memory use.\n\nIt is also useful to know how the computing load affects the memory\nallocations on various zones.  This patchset allows the retrieval of that data\nfrom userspace.\n\nThe patchset introduces a framework for counters that is a cross between the\nexisting page_stats --which are simply global counters split per cpu-- and the\napproach of deferred incremental updates implemented for nr_pagecache.\n\nSmall per cpu 8 bit counters are added to struct zone.  If the counter exceeds\ncertain thresholds then the counters are accumulated in an array of\natomic_long in the zone and in a global array that sums up all zone values.\nThe small 8 bit counters are next to the per cpu page pointers and so they\nwill be in high in the cpu cache when pages are allocated and freed.\n\nAccess to VM counter information for a zone and for the whole machine is then\npossible by simply indexing an array (Thanks to Nick Piggin for pointing out\nthat approach).  The access to the total number of pages of various types does\nno longer require the summing up of all per cpu counters.\n\nBenefits of this patchset right now:\n\n- Ability for UP and SMP configuration to determine how memory\n  is balanced between the DMA, NORMAL and HIGHMEM zones.\n\n- loops over all processors are avoided in writeback and\n  reclaim paths. We can avoid caching the writeback information\n  because the needed information is directly accessible.\n\n- Special handling for nr_pagecache removed.\n\n- zone_reclaim_interval vanishes since VM stats can now determine\n  when it is worth to do local reclaim.\n\n- Fast inline per node page state determination.\n\n- Accurate counters in /sys/devices/system/node/node*/meminfo. Current\n  counters are counting simply which processor allocated a page somewhere\n  and guestimate based on that. So the counters were not useful to show\n  the actual distribution of page use on a specific zone.\n\n- The swap_prefetch patch requires per node statistics in order to\n  figure out when processors of a node can prefetch. This patch provides\n  some of the needed numbers.\n\n- Detailed VM counters available in more /proc and /sys status files.\n\nReferences to earlier discussions:\nV1 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l\u003dlinux-kernel\u0026m\u003d113511649910826\u0026w\u003d2\nV2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l\u003dlinux-kernel\u0026m\u003d114980851924230\u0026w\u003d2\nV3 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l\u003dlinux-kernel\u0026m\u003d115014697910351\u0026w\u003d2\nV4 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l\u003dlinux-kernel\u0026m\u003d115024767318740\u0026w\u003d2\n\nPerformance tests with AIM7 did not show any regressions.  Seems to be a tad\nfaster even.  Tested on ia64/NUMA.  Builds fine on i386, SMP / UP.  Includes\nfixes for s390/arm/uml arch code.\n\nThis patch:\n\nMove counter code from page_alloc.c/page-flags.h to vmstat.c/h.\n\nCreate vmstat.c/vmstat.h by separating the counter code and the proc\nfunctions.\n\nMove the vm_stat_text array before zoneinfo_show.\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: s390 build fix]\n[akpm@osdl.org: HOTPLUG_CPU build fix]\nSigned-off-by: Christoph Lameter \u003cclameter@sgi.com\u003e\nCc: Heiko Carstens \u003cheiko.carstens@de.ibm.com\u003e\nCc: Martin Schwidefsky \u003cschwidefsky@de.ibm.com\u003e\nCc: Trond Myklebust \u003ctrond.myklebust@fys.uio.no\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    }
  ]
}