)]}'
{
  "log": [
    {
      "commit": "a8f18b909c0a3f22630846207035c8b84bb252b8",
      "tree": "72a2dee787b9d077cc24f5cf7392b071401506ec",
      "parents": [
        "b6c63937001889af6fe431aaba97e59d04e028e7"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Arjan van de Ven",
        "email": "arjan@linux.intel.com",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 01:45:53 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 10:53:29 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Add a WARN() macro; this is WARN_ON() + printk arguments\n\nAdd a WARN() macro that acts like WARN_ON(), with the added feature that it\ntakes a printk like argument that is printed as part of the warning message.\n\n[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix printk arguments]\n[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]\nSigned-off-by: Arjan van de Ven \u003carjan@linux.intel.com\u003e\nCc: Greg KH \u003cgreg@kroah.com\u003e\nCc: Jiri Slaby \u003cjirislaby@gmail.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "95b570c9cef3b12356454c7112571b7e406b4b51",
      "tree": "f4494412f9e3a02bce5b59a906ee9360a536191d",
      "parents": [
        "bd3feb13e15a4859f629c9a076554e260c1d1397"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Nur Hussein",
        "email": "nurhussein@gmail.com",
        "time": "Tue Apr 29 00:58:39 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Tue Apr 29 08:05:59 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Taint kernel after WARN_ON(condition)\n\nThe kernel is sent to tainted within the warn_on_slowpath() function, and\nwhenever a warning occurs the new taint flag \u0027W\u0027 is set.  This is useful to\nknow if a warning occurred before a BUG by preserving the warning as a flag\nin the taint state.\n\nThis does not work on architectures where WARN_ON has its own definition.\nThese archs are:\n\t1. s390\n\t2. superh\n\t3. avr32\n\t4. parisc\n\nThe maintainers of these architectures have been added in the Cc: list\nin this email to alert them to the situation.\n\nThe documentation in oops-tracing.txt has been updated to include the\nnew flag.\n\nSigned-off-by: Nur Hussein \u003cnurhussein@gmail.com\u003e\nCc: Arjan van de Ven \u003carjan@infradead.org\u003e\nCc: \"Randy.Dunlap\" \u003crdunlap@xenotime.net\u003e\nCc: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\nCc: Peter Zijlstra \u003ca.p.zijlstra@chello.nl\u003e\nCc: Kyle McMartin \u003ckyle@mcmartin.ca\u003e\nCc: Martin Schwidefsky \u003cschwidefsky@de.ibm.com\u003e\nCc: Haavard Skinnemoen \u003chskinnemoen@atmel.com\u003e\nCc: Paul Mundt \u003clethal@linux-sh.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "6ed31e92e94830c138fbd470486383380710069a",
      "tree": "76d74ac2cc7637fca6462727b273cf0c14e24da8",
      "parents": [
        "71fc47a9adf8ee89e5c96a47222915c5485ac437"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Éric Piel",
        "email": "Eric.Piel@tremplin-utc.net",
        "time": "Tue Feb 05 00:04:50 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Len Brown",
        "email": "len.brown@intel.com",
        "time": "Wed Feb 06 22:07:51 2008 -0500"
      },
      "message": "ACPI: Taint kernel on ACPI table override (format corrected)\n\nWhen an ACPI table is overridden (for now this can happen only for DSDT)\ndisplay a big warning and taint the kernel with flag A.\n\nSigned-off-by: Eric Piel \u003ceric.piel@tremplin-utc.net\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Len Brown \u003clen.brown@intel.com\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "71c339116a216b181fc5e203ef51a033fe5e38cf",
      "tree": "d69ddfa6c980247a06fd9f096c116e94cf572e81",
      "parents": [
        "79b4cc5ee7a8086ac2c9c0afa52e6d687ce1ffef"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Arjan van de Ven",
        "email": "arjan@linux.intel.com",
        "time": "Wed Jan 30 13:32:50 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Wed Jan 30 13:32:50 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "debug: add the end-of-trace marker and the module list to\n\nUnlike oopses, WARN_ON() currently does\u0027t print the loaded modules list.\nThis makes it harder to take action on certain bug reports. For example,\nrecently there were a set of WARN_ON()s reported in the mac80211 stack,\nwhich were just signalling a driver bug. It takes then anther round trip\nto the bug reporter (if he responds at all) to find out which driver\nis at fault.\n\nAnother issue is that, unlike oopses, WARN_ON() doesn\u0027t currently printk\nthe helpful \"cut here\" line, nor the \"end of trace\" marker.\nNow that WARN_ON() is out of line, the size increase due to this is\nminimal and it\u0027s worth adding.\n\nSigned-off-by: Arjan van de Ven \u003carjan@linux.intel.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Thomas Gleixner \u003ctglx@linutronix.de\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "79b4cc5ee7a8086ac2c9c0afa52e6d687ce1ffef",
      "tree": "8f22bbdb0d1532ec6f70400db17bbe2f7c8fbb99",
      "parents": [
        "3a6a62f96f168d192fb0cc9c0b5ee2584740b32d"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Arjan van de Ven",
        "email": "arjan@infradead.org",
        "time": "Wed Jan 30 13:32:50 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Wed Jan 30 13:32:50 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "debug: move WARN_ON() out of line\n\nA quick grep shows that there are currently 1145 instances of WARN_ON\nin the kernel. Currently, WARN_ON is pretty much entirely inlined,\nwhich makes it hard to enhance it without growing the size of the kernel\n(and getting Andrew unhappy).\n\nThis patch build on top of Olof\u0027s patch that introduces __WARN,\nand places the slowpath out of line. It also uses Ingo\u0027s suggestion\nto not use __FUNCTION__ but to use kallsyms to do the lookup;\nthis saves a ton of extra space since gcc doesn\u0027t need to store the function\nstring twice now:\n\n3936367  833603  624736 5394706  525112 vmlinux.before\n3917508  833603  624736 5375847  520767 vmlinux-slowpath\n\n15Kb savings...\n\nSigned-off-by: Arjan van de Ven \u003carjan@linux.intel.com\u003e\nCC: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nCC: Olof Johansson \u003colof@lixom.net\u003e\nAcked-by: Matt Meckall \u003cmpm@selenic.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Thomas Gleixner \u003ctglx@linutronix.de\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "2c3b20e91fe3a083c5d9bc79437c485866ea251c",
      "tree": "6d2b9e00efc89452863e71a8712398aeee3eccdd",
      "parents": [
        "67e2be02328b9a61a9c799fbdd4ec94d7da0c323"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Arjan van de Ven",
        "email": "arjan@linux.intel.com",
        "time": "Thu Dec 20 15:01:17 2007 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Thu Dec 20 15:01:17 2007 +0100"
      },
      "message": "debug: add end-of-oops marker\n\nRight now it\u0027s nearly impossible for parsers that collect kernel crashes\nfrom logs or emails (such as www.kerneloops.org) to detect the\nend-of-oops condition. In addition, it\u0027s not currently possible to\ndetect whether or not 2 oopses that look alike are actually the same\noops reported twice, or are truly two unique oopses.\n\nThis patch adds an end-of-oops marker, and makes the end marker include\na very simple 64-bit random ID to be able to detect duplicate reports.\n\nNormally, this ID is calculated as a late_initcall() (in the hope that\nat that time there is enough entropy to get a unique enough ID); however\nfor early oopses the oops_exit() function needs to generate the ID on\nthe fly.\n\nWe do this all at the _end_ of an oops printout, so this does not impact\nour ability to get the most important portions of a crash out to the\nconsole first.\n\n[ Sidenote: the already existing oopses-since-bootup counter we print\n  during crashes serves as the differentiator between multiple oopses\n  that trigger during the same bootup. ]\n\nTested on 32-bit and 64-bit x86. Artificially injected very early\ncrashes as well, as expected they result in this constant ID after\nmultiple bootups:\n\n  ---[ end trace ca143223eefdc828 ]---\n  ---[ end trace ca143223eefdc828 ]---\n\nbecause the random pools are still all zero. But it all still works\nfine and causes no additional problems (which is the main goal of\ninstrumentation code).\n\nSigned-off-by: Arjan van de Ven \u003carjan@linux.intel.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "9aa5e993fa0f1a8c2c900bdfb80697d77b6dc223",
      "tree": "9dcf72c020f53022f624e0f2da0699273d07ca4b",
      "parents": [
        "5a56db1c0fe196eea896078338fbf9258ab8365b"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Daniel Roesen",
        "email": "dr@cluenet.de",
        "time": "Sat Oct 20 00:30:06 2007 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Adrian Bunk",
        "email": "bunk@kernel.org",
        "time": "Sat Oct 20 00:30:06 2007 +0200"
      },
      "message": "trivial comment wording/typo fix regarding taint flags\n\nSigned-off-by: Daniel Roesen \u003cdr@cluenet.de\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Adrian Bunk \u003cbunk@kernel.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "c277e63fbe53697eab7595e86b297c643e2ea723",
      "tree": "2594131c01911e387a88e8cb8f99bb5106d7af82",
      "parents": [
        "22a8bdeb535d75d586d247ffaa51742556ebfee8"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Daniel Walker",
        "email": "dwalker@mvista.com",
        "time": "Thu Oct 18 03:06:08 2007 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Thu Oct 18 14:37:25 2007 -0700"
      },
      "message": "whitespace fixes: panic handling\n\nSigned-off-by: Daniel Walker \u003cdwalker@mvista.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "bcdcd8e725b923ad7c0de809680d5d5658a7bf8c",
      "tree": "f8fe86531df3bd96c0d8fd2d7a8fb1a6639261db",
      "parents": [
        "74489a91dd43aecd638709d34a2f58b91cfda5cf"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Pavel Emelianov",
        "email": "xemul@openvz.org",
        "time": "Tue Jul 17 04:03:42 2007 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Tue Jul 17 10:23:02 2007 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Report that kernel is tainted if there was an OOPS\n\nIf the kernel OOPSed or BUGed then it probably should be considered as\ntainted.  Thus, all subsequent OOPSes and SysRq dumps will report the\ntainted kernel.  This saves a lot of time explaining oddities in the\ncalltraces.\n\nSigned-off-by: Pavel Emelianov \u003cxemul@openvz.org\u003e\nAcked-by: Randy Dunlap \u003crandy.dunlap@oracle.com\u003e\nCc: \u003clinux-arch@vger.kernel.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n[ Added parisc patch from Matthew Wilson  -Linus ]\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "34f5a39899f3f3e815da64f48ddb72942d86c366",
      "tree": "447f8c019786a28801909a7af60bf088566d1925",
      "parents": [
        "a136e99f12cdc967a6f607644e471ed749f963db"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Theodore Ts\u0027o",
        "email": "tytso@mit.edu",
        "time": "Sat Feb 10 01:45:24 2007 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sun Feb 11 10:51:29 2007 -0800"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] Add TAINT_USER and ability to set taint flags from userspace\n\nAllow taint flags to be set from userspace by writing to\n/proc/sys/kernel/tainted, and add a new taint flag, TAINT_USER, to be used\nwhen userspace has potentially done something dangerous that might\ncompromise the kernel.  This will allow support personnel to ask further\nquestions about what may have caused the user taint flag to have been set.\n\nFor example, they might examine the logs of the realtime JVM to see if the\nJava program has used the really silly, stupid, dangerous, and\ncompletely-non-portable direct access to physical memory feature which MUST\nbe implemented according to the Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ).\nSigh.  What were those silly people at Sun thinking?\n\n[akpm@osdl.org: build fix]\n[bunk@stusta.de: cleanup]\nSigned-off-by: \"Theodore Ts\u0027o\" \u003ctytso@mit.edu\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Adrian Bunk \u003cbunk@stusta.de\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "29cbc78b90a73ad80f2f58ba2927956cf663abed",
      "tree": "e72fdb9c1c055da47b4cd8834bc944af8efc1ed8",
      "parents": [
        "013bf2c50ed943e9c23a2145d3ea7c4d88cda310"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Andi Kleen",
        "email": "ak@suse.de",
        "time": "Sat Sep 30 01:47:55 2006 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Andi Kleen",
        "email": "andi@basil.nowhere.org",
        "time": "Sat Sep 30 01:47:55 2006 +0200"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] x86: Clean up x86 NMI sysctls\n\nUse prototypes in headers\nDon\u0027t define panic_on_unrecovered_nmi for all architectures\n\nCc: dzickus@redhat.com\n\nSigned-off-by: Andi Kleen \u003cak@suse.de\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "3162f751d04086a9d006342de63ac8f44fe0f72a",
      "tree": "be702f29e5604621898e394ef387c2617334bb65",
      "parents": [
        "0a4254058037eb172758961d0a5b94f4320a1425"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Arjan van de Ven",
        "email": "arjan@linux.intel.com",
        "time": "Tue Sep 26 10:52:39 2006 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Andi Kleen",
        "email": "andi@basil.nowhere.org",
        "time": "Tue Sep 26 10:52:39 2006 +0200"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] Add the __stack_chk_fail() function\n\nGCC emits a call to a __stack_chk_fail() function when the stack canary is\nnot matching the expected value.\n\nSince this is a bad security issue; lets panic the kernel rather than limping\nalong; the kernel really can\u0027t be trusted anymore when this happens.\n\nSigned-off-by: Arjan van de Ven \u003carjan@linux.intel.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andi Kleen \u003cak@suse.de\u003e\nCC: Andi Kleen \u003cak@suse.de\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "8da5adda91df3d2fcc5300e68da491694c9af019",
      "tree": "bae152dabd728ba2f7fead421276e3cc9a779141",
      "parents": [
        "e33e89ab1a8d295de0500b697f4f31c3ceee9aa2"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Don Zickus",
        "email": "dzickus@redhat.com",
        "time": "Tue Sep 26 10:52:27 2006 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Andi Kleen",
        "email": "andi@basil.nowhere.org",
        "time": "Tue Sep 26 10:52:27 2006 +0200"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] x86: Allow users to force a panic on NMI\n\nTo quote Alan Cox:\n\nThe default Linux behaviour on an NMI of either memory or unknown is to\ncontinue operation. For many environments such as scientific computing\nit is preferable that the box is taken out and the error dealt with than\nan uncorrected parity/ECC error get propogated.\n\nA small number of systems do generate NMI\u0027s for bizarre random reasons\nsuch as power management so the default is unchanged. In other respects\nthe new proc/sys entry works like the existing panic controls already in\nthat directory.\n\nThis is separate to the edac support - EDAC allows supported chipsets to\nhandle ECC errors well, this change allows unsupported cases to at least\npanic rather than cause problems further down the line.\n\nSigned-off-by: Don Zickus \u003cdzickus@redhat.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andi Kleen \u003cak@suse.de\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "068c4579fe5c21e84c7cb2ba89db80899e25104e",
      "tree": "ab16bf723c648d936cefb89b6dc6634145668b86",
      "parents": [
        "471b40d0dfc17bf0161629950b82524d41bc37ce"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Wed Sep 06 00:03:44 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Wed Sep 06 11:00:02 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] lockdep: do not touch console state when tainting the kernel\n\nRemove an unintended console_verbose() side-effect from add_taint().\n\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "657b3010d8f8a72195dfcbe63040127d596f0b14",
      "tree": "e3cd79a634949a01955be6e53f84b78b4f1b0d66",
      "parents": [
        "3773dc92055f219c2f2403f9de774b8ad41a9214"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Andrew Morton",
        "email": "akpm@osdl.org",
        "time": "Sun Aug 13 23:24:19 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Greg Kroah-Hartman",
        "email": "gregkh@suse.de",
        "time": "Mon Aug 14 12:54:28 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] panic.c build fix\n\nkernel/panic.c: In function \u0027add_taint\u0027:\nkernel/panic.c:176: warning: implicit declaration of function \u0027debug_locks_off\u0027\n\nCc: Andi Kleen \u003cak@muc.de\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman \u003cgregkh@suse.de\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "2c16e9c888985761511bd1905b00fb271169c3c0",
      "tree": "e17756b3ed27b0f4953547c39cf46864cdd6f818",
      "parents": [
        "e54695a59c278b9ff48cd4b263da7a1d392f5061"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Arjan van de Ven",
        "email": "arjan@linux.intel.com",
        "time": "Mon Jul 10 04:45:42 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Mon Jul 10 13:24:27 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] lockdep: disable lock debugging when kernel state becomes untrusted\n\nDisable lockdep debugging in two situations where the integrity of the\nkernel no longer is guaranteed: when oopsing and when hitting a\ntainting-condition.  The goal is to not get weird lockdep traces that don\u0027t\nmake sense or are otherwise undebuggable, to not waste time.\n\nLockdep assumes that the previous state it knows about is valid to operate,\nwhich is why lockdep turns itself off after the first violation it reports,\nafter that point it can no longer make that assumption.\n\nA kernel oops means that the integrity of the kernel compromised; in\naddition anything lockdep would report is of lesser importance than the\noops.\n\nAll the tainting conditions are of similar integrity-violating nature and\nalso make debugging/diagnosing more difficult.\n\nSigned-off-by: Arjan van de Ven \u003carjan@linux.intel.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "6ab3d5624e172c553004ecc862bfeac16d9d68b7",
      "tree": "6d98881fe91fd9583c109208d5c27131b93fa248",
      "parents": [
        "e02169b682bc448ccdc819dc8639ed34a23cedd8"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Jörn Engel",
        "email": "joern@wohnheim.fh-wedel.de",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 19:25:36 2006 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Adrian Bunk",
        "email": "bunk@stusta.de",
        "time": "Fri Jun 30 19:25:36 2006 +0200"
      },
      "message": "Remove obsolete #include \u003clinux/config.h\u003e\n\nSigned-off-by: Jörn Engel \u003cjoern@wohnheim.fh-wedel.de\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Adrian Bunk \u003cbunk@stusta.de\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "aa7271076ae6547d7f370ad7e91ef86fdb318f17",
      "tree": "5a04c82e8ea4dda6cfd7905da18f68752d10faa3",
      "parents": [
        "ba6edfcd1708da2e665f14eee76e87f39448ec40"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Adrian Bunk",
        "email": "bunk@stusta.de",
        "time": "Mon Apr 10 22:53:59 2006 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Tue Apr 11 06:18:40 2006 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] the scheduled unexport of panic_timeout\n\nImplement the scheduled unexport of panic_timeout.\n\nSigned-off-by: Adrian Bunk \u003cbunk@stusta.de\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "e041c683412d5bf44dc2b109053e3b837b71742d",
      "tree": "9d271066ef379da0c0fb3b8cb4137abd5d2ebba0",
      "parents": [
        "76b81e2b0e2241accebcc68e126bc5ab958661b9"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Alan Stern",
        "email": "stern@rowland.harvard.edu",
        "time": "Mon Mar 27 01:16:30 2006 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Mon Mar 27 08:44:50 2006 -0800"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] Notifier chain update: API changes\n\nThe kernel\u0027s implementation of notifier chains is unsafe.  There is no\nprotection against entries being added to or removed from a chain while the\nchain is in use.  The issues were discussed in this thread:\n\n    http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l\u003dlinux-kernel\u0026m\u003d113018709002036\u0026w\u003d2\n\nWe noticed that notifier chains in the kernel fall into two basic usage\nclasses:\n\n\t\"Blocking\" chains are always called from a process context\n\tand the callout routines are allowed to sleep;\n\n\t\"Atomic\" chains can be called from an atomic context and\n\tthe callout routines are not allowed to sleep.\n\nWe decided to codify this distinction and make it part of the API.  Therefore\nthis set of patches introduces three new, parallel APIs: one for blocking\nnotifiers, one for atomic notifiers, and one for \"raw\" notifiers (which is\nreally just the old API under a new name).  New kinds of data structures are\nused for the heads of the chains, and new routines are defined for\nregistration, unregistration, and calling a chain.  The three APIs are\nexplained in include/linux/notifier.h and their implementation is in\nkernel/sys.c.\n\nWith atomic and blocking chains, the implementation guarantees that the chain\nlinks will not be corrupted and that chain callers will not get messed up by\nentries being added or removed.  For raw chains the implementation provides no\nguarantees at all; users of this API must provide their own protections.  (The\nidea was that situations may come up where the assumptions of the atomic and\nblocking APIs are not appropriate, so it should be possible for users to\nhandle these things in their own way.)\n\nThere are some limitations, which should not be too hard to live with.  For\natomic/blocking chains, registration and unregistration must always be done in\na process context since the chain is protected by a mutex/rwsem.  Also, a\ncallout routine for a non-raw chain must not try to register or unregister\nentries on its own chain.  (This did happen in a couple of places and the code\nhad to be changed to avoid it.)\n\nSince atomic chains may be called from within an NMI handler, they cannot use\nspinlocks for synchronization.  Instead we use RCU.  The overhead falls almost\nentirely in the unregister routine, which is okay since unregistration is much\nless frequent that calling a chain.\n\nHere is the list of chains that we adjusted and their classifications.  None\nof them use the raw API, so for the moment it is only a placeholder.\n\n  ATOMIC CHAINS\n  -------------\narch/i386/kernel/traps.c:\t\ti386die_chain\narch/ia64/kernel/traps.c:\t\tia64die_chain\narch/powerpc/kernel/traps.c:\t\tpowerpc_die_chain\narch/sparc64/kernel/traps.c:\t\tsparc64die_chain\narch/x86_64/kernel/traps.c:\t\tdie_chain\ndrivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_si_intf.c:\txaction_notifier_list\nkernel/panic.c:\t\t\t\tpanic_notifier_list\nkernel/profile.c:\t\t\ttask_free_notifier\nnet/bluetooth/hci_core.c:\t\thci_notifier\nnet/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_core.c:\tip_conntrack_chain\nnet/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_core.c:\tip_conntrack_expect_chain\nnet/ipv6/addrconf.c:\t\t\tinet6addr_chain\nnet/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c:\tnf_conntrack_chain\nnet/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c:\tnf_conntrack_expect_chain\nnet/netlink/af_netlink.c:\t\tnetlink_chain\n\n  BLOCKING CHAINS\n  ---------------\narch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/reconfig.c:\tpSeries_reconfig_chain\narch/s390/kernel/process.c:\t\tidle_chain\narch/x86_64/kernel/process.c\t\tidle_notifier\ndrivers/base/memory.c:\t\t\tmemory_chain\ndrivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c\t\tcpufreq_policy_notifier_list\ndrivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c\t\tcpufreq_transition_notifier_list\ndrivers/macintosh/adb.c:\t\tadb_client_list\ndrivers/macintosh/via-pmu.c\t\tsleep_notifier_list\ndrivers/macintosh/via-pmu68k.c\t\tsleep_notifier_list\ndrivers/macintosh/windfarm_core.c\twf_client_list\ndrivers/usb/core/notify.c\t\tusb_notifier_list\ndrivers/video/fbmem.c\t\t\tfb_notifier_list\nkernel/cpu.c\t\t\t\tcpu_chain\nkernel/module.c\t\t\t\tmodule_notify_list\nkernel/profile.c\t\t\tmunmap_notifier\nkernel/profile.c\t\t\ttask_exit_notifier\nkernel/sys.c\t\t\t\treboot_notifier_list\nnet/core/dev.c\t\t\t\tnetdev_chain\nnet/decnet/dn_dev.c:\t\t\tdnaddr_chain\nnet/ipv4/devinet.c:\t\t\tinetaddr_chain\n\nIt\u0027s possible that some of these classifications are wrong.  If they are,\nplease let us know or submit a patch to fix them.  Note that any chain that\ngets called very frequently should be atomic, because the rwsem read-locking\nused for blocking chains is very likely to incur cache misses on SMP systems.\n(However, if the chain\u0027s callout routines may sleep then the chain cannot be\natomic.)\n\nThe patch set was written by Alan Stern and Chandra Seetharaman, incorporating\nmaterial written by Keith Owens and suggestions from Paul McKenney and Andrew\nMorton.\n\n[jes@sgi.com: restructure the notifier chain initialization macros]\nSigned-off-by: Alan Stern \u003cstern@rowland.harvard.edu\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman \u003csekharan@us.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Jes Sorensen \u003cjes@sgi.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "dd287796d608fcdc3fe5e8fdb5bf762a8f1bc32a",
      "tree": "84be163fdc5fe36eb8d3f1aa5e60bfd1d794c641",
      "parents": [
        "41c28ff1635e71af072c4711ff5fadd5855d48e7"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Andrew Morton",
        "email": "akpm@osdl.org",
        "time": "Thu Mar 23 03:00:57 2006 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Thu Mar 23 07:38:16 2006 -0800"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] pause_on_oops command line option\n\nAttempt to fix the problem wherein people\u0027s oops reports scroll off the screen\ndue to repeated oopsing or to oopses on other CPUs.\n\nIf this happens the user can reboot with the `pause_on_oops\u003d\u003cseconds\u003e\u0027 option.\nIt will allow the first oopsing CPU to print an oops record just a single\ntime.  Second oopsing attempts, or oopses on other CPUs will cause those CPUs\nto enter a tight loop until the specified number of seconds have elapsed.\n\nThe patch implements the infrastructure generically in the expectation that\narchitectures other than x86 will find it useful.\n\nCc: Dave Jones \u003cdavej@codemonkey.org.uk\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "c22db9412736204b25aeba19d18e5ea922f7d632",
      "tree": "22a3c9526ebdd1562f4160a09389011ef6039ee7",
      "parents": [
        "7a8ef1cb774e5438d292365626f9b96616283706"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Jan Beulich",
        "email": "jbeulich@novell.com",
        "time": "Fri Feb 10 01:51:11 2006 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Feb 10 08:13:12 2006 -0800"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] prevent recursive panic from softlockup watchdog\n\nWhen panic_timeout is zero, suppress triggering a nested panic due to soft\nlockup detection.\n\nSigned-off-by: Jan Beulich \u003cjbeulich@novell.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "347a8dc3b815f0c0fa62a1df075184ffe4cbdcf1",
      "tree": "a6ec76690127e87fe6efa42b6238caadd6c07e7b",
      "parents": [
        "9bbc8346fb21fad3f678220b067450e436e45dbf"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Martin Schwidefsky",
        "email": "schwidefsky@de.ibm.com",
        "time": "Fri Jan 06 00:19:28 2006 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Fri Jan 06 08:33:53 2006 -0800"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] s390: cleanup Kconfig\n\nSanitize some s390 Kconfig options.  We have ARCH_S390, ARCH_S390X,\nARCH_S390_31, 64BIT, S390_SUPPORT and COMPAT.  Replace these 6 options by\nS390, 64BIT and COMPAT.\n\nSigned-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky \u003cschwidefsky@de.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "2f048ea81df94f72dee0d42b3d9b941c03b8c9c5",
      "tree": "1a60d6cc74585629750030c26c05ca471ca39546",
      "parents": [
        "ff31977782a05504f2586ec9e3e5ab4b09a4c893"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Eric W. Biederman",
        "email": "ebiederm@xmission.com",
        "time": "Tue Jul 26 11:49:23 2005 -0600"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@g5.osdl.org",
        "time": "Tue Jul 26 14:35:43 2005 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] Call emergency_reboot from panic\n\nWe know the system is in trouble so there is no question if this\nis an emergecy :)\n\nSigned-off-by: Eric W. Biederman \u003cebiederm@xmission.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "6e274d144302068a00794ec22e73520c0615cb6f",
      "tree": "f7ea59ea47d3c5676fbac8d39e8deaa1f94146ae",
      "parents": [
        "86b1ae38c0a62409dc862a28e3f08920f55f944b"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Alexander Nyberg",
        "email": "alexn@telia.com",
        "time": "Sat Jun 25 14:58:26 2005 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org",
        "time": "Sat Jun 25 16:24:54 2005 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] kdump: Use real pt_regs from exception\n\nMakes kexec_crashdump() take a pt_regs * as an argument.  This allows to\nget exact register state at the point of the crash.  If we come from direct\npanic assertion NULL will be passed and the current registers saved before\ncrashdump.\n\nThis hooks into two places:\ndie(): check the conditions under which we will panic when calling\ndo_exit and go there directly with the pt_regs that caused the fatal\nfault.\n\ndie_nmi(): If we receive an NMI lockup while in the kernel use the\npt_regs and go directly to crash_kexec(). We\u0027re probably nested up badly\nat this point so this might be the only chance to escape with proper\ninformation.\n\nSigned-off-by: Alexander Nyberg \u003calexn@telia.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "dc009d92435f99498cbc579ce76bf28e837e2c14",
      "tree": "2ba8732b28225593d996b8faa079dc6ab4bbc9bc",
      "parents": [
        "d0537508a9921efced238b20967e50e519ac34af"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Eric W. Biederman",
        "email": "ebiederm@xmission.com",
        "time": "Sat Jun 25 14:57:52 2005 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org",
        "time": "Sat Jun 25 16:24:48 2005 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] kexec: add kexec syscalls\n\nThis patch introduces the architecture independent implementation the\nsys_kexec_load, the compat_sys_kexec_load system calls.\n\nKexec on panic support has been integrated into the core patch and is\nrelatively clean.\n\nIn addition the hopefully architecture independent option\ncrashkernel\u003dsize@location has been docuemented.  It\u0027s purpose is to reserve\nspace for the panic kernel to live, and where no DMA transfer will ever be\nsetup to access.\n\nSigned-off-by: Eric Biederman \u003cebiederm@xmission.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Alexander Nyberg \u003calexn@telia.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Adrian Bunk \u003cbunk@stusta.de\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Vivek Goyal \u003cvgoyal@in.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@osdl.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@osdl.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "a271c241a6036d4d583d0f47a02ba5f18b8b92b5",
      "tree": "38e2dd244d64b059af1ac10a3803871b954fcfca",
      "parents": [
        "10158286e7b5347dce2285895c95419b9f6f8b63"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Tom \u0027spot\u0027 Callaway",
        "email": "tcallawa@redhat.com",
        "time": "Sun Apr 24 20:38:02 2005 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "David S. Miller",
        "email": "davem@davemloft.net",
        "time": "Sun Apr 24 20:38:02 2005 -0700"
      },
      "message": "[SPARC]: Stop-A printk cleanup\n\nThis patch is incredibly trivial, but it does resolve some of the user\nconfusion as to what \"L1-A\" actually is.\n\nClarify printk message to refer to Stop-A (L1-A).\n\nGentoo has a virtually identical patch in their kernel sources.\n\nSigned-off-by: Tom \u0027spot\u0027 Callaway \u003ctcallawa@redhat.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: David S. Miller \u003cdavem@davemloft.net\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
      "tree": "0bba044c4ce775e45a88a51686b5d9f90697ea9d",
      "parents": [],
      "author": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org",
        "time": "Sat Apr 16 15:20:36 2005 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@ppc970.osdl.org",
        "time": "Sat Apr 16 15:20:36 2005 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Linux-2.6.12-rc2\n\nInitial git repository build. I\u0027m not bothering with the full history,\neven though we have it. We can create a separate \"historical\" git\narchive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it\u0027s about\n3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early\ngit days unnecessarily complicated, when we don\u0027t have a lot of good\ninfrastructure for it.\n\nLet it rip!\n"
    }
  ]
}