)]}'
{
  "log": [
    {
      "commit": "901608d9045146aec6f14a7777ea4b1501c379f0",
      "tree": "0155189f48479b920855dedccba6829363376d4d",
      "parents": [
        "67d58ac47d25f7e2a105248a4aea6113131ab874"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Oleg Nesterov",
        "email": "oleg@redhat.com",
        "time": "Tue Jan 06 14:40:29 2009 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Tue Jan 06 15:59:09 2009 -0800"
      },
      "message": "mm: introduce get_mm_hiwater_xxx(), fix taskstats-\u003ehiwater_xxx accounting\n\nxacct_add_tsk() relies on do_exit()-\u003eupdate_hiwater_xxx() and uses\nmm-\u003ehiwater_xxx directly, this leads to 2 problems:\n\n- taskstats_user_cmd() can call fill_pid()-\u003exacct_add_tsk() at any\n  moment before the task exits, so we should check the current values of\n  rss/vm anyway.\n\n- do_exit()-\u003eupdate_hiwater_xxx() calls are racy.  An exiting thread can\n  be preempted right before mm-\u003ehiwater_xxx \u003d new_val, and another thread\n  can use A_LOT of memory and exit in between.  When the first thread\n  resumes it can be the last thread in the thread group, in that case we\n  report the wrong hiwater_xxx values which do not take A_LOT into\n  account.\n\nIntroduce get_mm_hiwater_rss() and get_mm_hiwater_vm() helpers and change\nxacct_add_tsk() to use them.  The first helper will also be used by\nrusage-\u003eru_maxrss accounting.\n\nKill do_exit()-\u003eupdate_hiwater_xxx() calls.  Unless we are going to\ndecrease rss/vm there is no point to update mm-\u003ehiwater_xxx, and nobody\ncan look at this mm_struct when exit_mmap() actually unmaps the memory.\n\nSigned-off-by: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@redhat.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Hugh Dickins \u003chugh@veritas.com\u003e\nReviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Balbir Singh \u003cbalbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "61420f59a589c0668f70cbe725785837c78ece90",
      "tree": "79ae77d731cd2425677b9527d50079d8cf34c3b2",
      "parents": [
        "d97106ab53f812910a62d18afb9dbe882819c1ba",
        "c742b31c03f37c5c499178f09f57381aa6c70131"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sat Jan 03 11:56:24 2009 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sat Jan 03 11:56:24 2009 -0800"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027cputime\u0027 of git://git390.osdl.marist.edu/pub/scm/linux-2.6\n\n* \u0027cputime\u0027 of git://git390.osdl.marist.edu/pub/scm/linux-2.6:\n  [PATCH] fast vdso implementation for CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID\n  [PATCH] improve idle cputime accounting\n  [PATCH] improve precision of idle time detection.\n  [PATCH] improve precision of process accounting.\n  [PATCH] idle cputime accounting\n  [PATCH] fix scaled \u0026 unscaled cputime accounting\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "b840d79631c882786925303c2b0f4fefc31845ed",
      "tree": "cda60a95d4507fe1321fc285af38982d7eb9693b",
      "parents": [
        "597b0d21626da4e6f09f132442caf0cc2b0eb47c",
        "c3d80000e3a812fe5a200d6bde755fbd7fa65481"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Fri Jan 02 11:44:09 2009 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Fri Jan 02 11:44:09 2009 -0800"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027cpus4096-for-linus-2\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip\n\n* \u0027cpus4096-for-linus-2\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (66 commits)\n  x86: export vector_used_by_percpu_irq\n  x86: use logical apicid in x2apic_cluster\u0027s x2apic_cpu_mask_to_apicid_and()\n  sched: nominate preferred wakeup cpu, fix\n  x86: fix lguest used_vectors breakage, -v2\n  x86: fix warning in arch/x86/kernel/io_apic.c\n  sched: fix warning in kernel/sched.c\n  sched: move test_sd_parent() to an SMP section of sched.h\n  sched: add SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE at MC and CPU level for sched_mc\u003e0\n  sched: activate active load balancing in new idle cpus\n  sched: bias task wakeups to preferred semi-idle packages\n  sched: nominate preferred wakeup cpu\n  sched: favour lower logical cpu number for sched_mc balance\n  sched: framework for sched_mc/smt_power_savings\u003dN\n  sched: convert BALANCE_FOR_xx_POWER to inline functions\n  x86: use possible_cpus\u003dNUM to extend the possible cpus allowed\n  x86: fix cpu_mask_to_apicid_and to include cpu_online_mask\n  x86: update io_apic.c to the new cpumask code\n  x86: Introduce topology_core_cpumask()/topology_thread_cpumask()\n  x86: xen: use smp_call_function_many()\n  x86: use work_on_cpu in x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce_amd_64.c\n  ...\n\nFixed up trivial conflict in kernel/time/tick-sched.c manually\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "79741dd35713ff4f6fd0eafd59fa94e8a4ba922d",
      "tree": "73c6b503fbd274cb3fcca7a0a68c6f636e3a53ad",
      "parents": [
        "457533a7d3402d1d91fbc125c8bd1bd16dcd3cd4"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Martin Schwidefsky",
        "email": "schwidefsky@de.ibm.com",
        "time": "Wed Dec 31 15:11:38 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Martin Schwidefsky",
        "email": "schwidefsky@de.ibm.com",
        "time": "Wed Dec 31 15:11:46 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "[PATCH] idle cputime accounting\n\nThe cpu time spent by the idle process actually doing something is\ncurrently accounted as idle time. This is plain wrong, the architectures\nthat support VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING\u003dy can do better: distinguish between the\ntime spent doing nothing and the time spent by idle doing work. The first\nis accounted with account_idle_time and the second with account_system_time.\nThe architectures that use the account_xxx_time interface directly and not\nthe account_xxx_ticks interface now need to do the check for the idle\nprocess in their arch code. In particular to improve the system vs true\nidle time accounting the arch code needs to measure the true idle time\ninstead of just testing for the idle process.\nTo improve the tick based accounting as well we would need an architecture\nprimitive that can tell us if the pt_regs of the interrupted context\npoints to the magic instruction that halts the cpu.\n\nIn addition idle time is no more added to the stime of the idle process.\nThis field now contains the system time of the idle process as it should\nbe. On systems without VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING this will always be zero as\nevery tick that occurs while idle is running will be accounted as idle\ntime.\n\nThis patch contains the necessary common code changes to be able to\ndistinguish idle system time and true idle time. The architectures with\nsupport for VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING need some changes to exploit this.\n\nSigned-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky \u003cschwidefsky@de.ibm.com\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "a39b863342b8aba52390092be95db58f6ed56061",
      "tree": "a952625e9815c0a4d7fe9f85c33908068513429a",
      "parents": [
        "b0f4b285d7ed174804658539129a834270f4829a",
        "4e202284e6ac1695df3eb4a0e549ea78addfb663"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sun Dec 28 12:27:58 2008 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sun Dec 28 12:27:58 2008 -0800"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027sched-core-for-linus\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip\n\n* \u0027sched-core-for-linus\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (31 commits)\n  sched: fix warning in fs/proc/base.c\n  schedstat: consolidate per-task cpu runtime stats\n  sched: use RCU variant of list traversal in for_each_leaf_rt_rq()\n  sched, cpuacct: export percpu cpuacct cgroup stats\n  sched, cpuacct: refactoring cpuusage_read / cpuusage_write\n  sched: optimize update_curr()\n  sched: fix wakeup preemption clock\n  sched: add missing arch_update_cpu_topology() call\n  sched: let arch_update_cpu_topology indicate if topology changed\n  sched: idle_balance() does not call load_balance_newidle()\n  sched: fix sd_parent_degenerate on non-numa smp machine\n  sched: add uid information to sched_debug for CONFIG_USER_SCHED\n  sched: move double_unlock_balance() higher\n  sched: update comment for move_task_off_dead_cpu\n  sched: fix inconsistency when redistribute per-cpu tg-\u003ecfs_rq shares\n  sched/rt: removed unneeded defintion\n  sched: add hierarchical accounting to cpu accounting controller\n  sched: include group statistics in /proc/sched_debug\n  sched: rename SCHED_NO_NO_OMIT_FRAME_POINTER \u003d\u003e SCHED_OMIT_FRAME_POINTER\n  sched: clean up SCHED_CPUMASK_ALLOC\n  ...\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "b0f4b285d7ed174804658539129a834270f4829a",
      "tree": "be7f8dca58075aba2c6a137fcfd4d44c5c333efc",
      "parents": [
        "be9c5ae4eeec2e85527e95647348b8ea4eb25128",
        "5250d329e38cdf7580faeb9c53c17d3588d7d19c"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sun Dec 28 12:21:10 2008 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sun Dec 28 12:21:10 2008 -0800"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027tracing-core-for-linus\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip\n\n* \u0027tracing-core-for-linus\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (241 commits)\n  sched, trace: update trace_sched_wakeup()\n  tracing/ftrace: don\u0027t trace on early stage of a secondary cpu boot, v3\n  Revert \"x86: disable X86_PTRACE_BTS\"\n  ring-buffer: prevent false positive warning\n  ring-buffer: fix dangling commit race\n  ftrace: enable format arguments checking\n  x86, bts: memory accounting\n  x86, bts: add fork and exit handling\n  ftrace: introduce tracing_reset_online_cpus() helper\n  tracing: fix warnings in kernel/trace/trace_sched_switch.c\n  tracing: fix warning in kernel/trace/trace.c\n  tracing/ring-buffer: remove unused ring_buffer size\n  trace: fix task state printout\n  ftrace: add not to regex on filtering functions\n  trace: better use of stack_trace_enabled for boot up code\n  trace: add a way to enable or disable the stack tracer\n  x86: entry_64 - introduce FTRACE_ frame macro v2\n  tracing/ftrace: add the printk-msg-only option\n  tracing/ftrace: use preempt_enable_no_resched_notrace in ring_buffer_time_stamp()\n  x86, bts: correctly report invalid bts records\n  ...\n\nFixed up trivial conflict in scripts/recordmcount.pl due to SH bits\nbeing already partly merged by the SH merge.\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "06aaf76a7e2e4cc57eabcb8f43ec99c961fe55fe",
      "tree": "82321fd9e565deaeedc9dd1c4de7c52c0e4113b7",
      "parents": [
        "100fdaee70ebf5f31b9451fbc01300c627091328"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Thu Dec 18 21:30:23 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Dec 19 09:21:56 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "sched: move test_sd_parent() to an SMP section of sched.h\n\nImpact: build fix\n\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "100fdaee70ebf5f31b9451fbc01300c627091328",
      "tree": "81493242ff99c8ba52163da5b44ffc51929622cf",
      "parents": [
        "ad273b32e482cdef306eac32b28d97f513a022f4"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Vaidyanathan Srinivasan",
        "email": "svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com",
        "time": "Thu Dec 18 23:26:47 2008 +0530"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Dec 19 09:21:55 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "sched: add SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE at MC and CPU level for sched_mc\u003e0\n\nImpact: change task balancing to save power more agressively\n\nAdd SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE flag at MC level and CPU level\nif sched_mc is set.  This helps power savings and\nwill not affect performance when sched_mc\u003d0\n\nIngo and Mike Galbraith have optimised the SD flags by\nremoving SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE at MC and CPU level.  This\nhelps performance but hurts power savings since this\nslows down task consolidation by reducing the number\nof times load_balance is run.\n\n    sched: fine-tune SD_MC_INIT\n        commit 14800984706bf6936bbec5187f736e928be5c218\n        Author: Mike Galbraith \u003cefault@gmx.de\u003e\n        Date:   Fri Nov 7 15:26:50 2008 +0100\n\n    sched: re-tune balancing -- revert\n        commit 9fcd18c9e63e325dbd2b4c726623f760788d5aa8\n        Author: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n        Date:   Wed Nov 5 16:52:08 2008 +0100\n\nThis patch selectively enables SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE flag\nonly when sched_mc is set to 1 or 2.  This helps power savings\nby task consolidation and also does not hurt performance at\nsched_mc\u003d0 where all power saving optimisations are turned off.\n\nSigned-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan \u003csvaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Balbir Singh \u003cbalbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Peter Zijlstra \u003ca.p.zijlstra@chello.nl\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "afb8a9b70b86866a60e08b2956ae4e1406390336",
      "tree": "e4f8918230f4a4eb696c32edb888bced183001db",
      "parents": [
        "716707b29906e1d8d190defe3d646610b097a861"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Gautham R Shenoy",
        "email": "ego@in.ibm.com",
        "time": "Thu Dec 18 23:26:09 2008 +0530"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Dec 19 09:21:46 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "sched: framework for sched_mc/smt_power_savings\u003dN\n\nImpact: extend range of /sys/devices/system/cpu/sched_mc_power_savings\n\nCurrently the sched_mc/smt_power_savings variable is a boolean,\nwhich either enables or disables topology based power savings.\nThis patch extends the behaviour of the variable from boolean to\nmultivalued, such that based on the value, we decide how\naggressively do we want to perform powersavings balance at\nappropriate sched domain based on topology.\n\nVariable levels of power saving tunable would benefit end user to\nmatch the required level of power savings vs performance\ntrade-off depending on the system configuration and workloads.\n\nThis version makes the sched_mc_power_savings global variable to\ntake more values (0,1,2).  Later versions can have a single\ntunable called sched_power_savings instead of\nsched_{mc,smt}_power_savings.\n\nSigned-off-by: Gautham R Shenoy \u003cego@in.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan \u003csvaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Balbir Singh \u003cbalbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Peter Zijlstra \u003ca.p.zijlstra@chello.nl\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "716707b29906e1d8d190defe3d646610b097a861",
      "tree": "02ddc0300b74d19bc93cc00d033b72e3e279dbf7",
      "parents": [
        "3b11ce7f542e415c90267b4482d4611410b468e6"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Vaidyanathan Srinivasan",
        "email": "svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com",
        "time": "Thu Dec 18 23:26:02 2008 +0530"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Dec 19 09:21:45 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "sched: convert BALANCE_FOR_xx_POWER to inline functions\n\nImpact: cleanup\n\nBALANCE_FOR_MC_POWER and similar macros defined in sched.h are\nnot constants and have various condition checks and significant\namount of code that is not suitable to be contain in a macro.\nAlso there could be side effects on the expressions passed to\nsome of them like test_sd_parent().\n\nThis patch converts all complex macros related to power savings\nbalance to inline functions.\n\nSigned-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan \u003csvaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Balbir Singh \u003cbalbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Peter Zijlstra \u003ca.p.zijlstra@chello.nl\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "9c2c48020ec0dd6ecd27e5a1298f73b40d85a595",
      "tree": "1a44f56e18012120aff0969094eebd572deb2ea3",
      "parents": [
        "e9515c3c9feecd74174c2998add0db51e02abb8d"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ken Chen",
        "email": "kenchen@google.com",
        "time": "Tue Dec 16 23:41:22 2008 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Thu Dec 18 13:54:01 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "schedstat: consolidate per-task cpu runtime stats\n\nImpact: simplify code\n\nWhen we turn on CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS, per-task cpu runtime is accumulated\ntwice. Once in task-\u003ese.sum_exec_runtime and once in sched_info.cpu_time.\nThese two stats are exactly the same.\n\nGiven that task-\u003ese.sum_exec_runtime is always accumulated by the core\nscheduler, sched_info can reuse that data instead of duplicate the accounting.\n\nSigned-off-by: Ken Chen \u003ckenchen@google.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Peter Zijlstra \u003ca.p.zijlstra@chello.nl\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "45ab6b0c76d0e4cce5bd608ccf97b0f6b20f18df",
      "tree": "4d51c73533c386aee16fde1e74b5e3bc22eedc53",
      "parents": [
        "81444a799550214f549caf579cf65a0ca55e70b7",
        "d65bd5ecb2bd166cea4952a59b7e16cc3ad6ef6c"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Dec 12 13:48:57 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Dec 12 13:48:57 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027sched/core\u0027 into cpus4096\n\nConflicts:\n\tinclude/linux/ftrace.h\n\tkernel/sched.c\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "81444a799550214f549caf579cf65a0ca55e70b7",
      "tree": "3288dac0740be2e1e7d1af4ee51d792a6e91edf3",
      "parents": [
        "a64d31baed104be25305e9c71585d3ea4ee9a418",
        "da485e0cb16726797e99a595a399b9fc721b91bc"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Dec 12 12:43:05 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Dec 12 12:43:05 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027tracing/fastboot\u0027 into cpus4096\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "c1dfdc7597d051b09555d4ae2acb90403e238746",
      "tree": "86aa49f5a2ab25459f9196dd6724bbe6645b1375",
      "parents": [
        "efbe027e95dc13ac343b6130948418d7ead7ddf1",
        "8b1fae4e4200388b64dd88065639413cb3f1051c"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Dec 12 10:29:35 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Dec 12 10:29:35 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "Merge commit \u0027v2.6.28-rc8\u0027 into sched/core\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "c2724775ce57c98b8af9694857b941dc61056516",
      "tree": "c3936699317da3233bc31e92d68cb582ec17d193",
      "parents": [
        "b0884e25fe361f2ca228808fb5fd1b74cb04e711"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Markus Metzger",
        "email": "markus.t.metzger@intel.com",
        "time": "Thu Dec 11 13:49:59 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Dec 12 08:08:12 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "x86, bts: provide in-kernel branch-trace interface\n\nImpact: cleanup\n\nMove the BTS bits from ptrace.c into ds.c.\n\nSigned-off-by: Markus Metzger \u003cmarkus.t.metzger@intel.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "380c4b1411ccd6885f92b2c8ceb08433a720f44e",
      "tree": "f3b571e1caff2de3e6b4cace87c2b1ec332667d7",
      "parents": [
        "8e1b82e0866befaa0b2920be296c6e4c3fc7f422"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Frederic Weisbecker",
        "email": "fweisbec@gmail.com",
        "time": "Sat Dec 06 03:43:41 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Dec 08 15:11:45 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "tracing/function-graph-tracer: append the tracing_graph_flag\n\nImpact: Provide a way to pause the function graph tracer\n\nAs suggested by Steven Rostedt, the previous patch that prevented from\nspinlock function tracing shouldn\u0027t use the raw_spinlock to fix it.\nIt\u0027s much better to follow lockdep with normal spinlock, so this patch\nadds a new flag for each task to make the function graph tracer able\nto be paused. We also can send an ftrace_printk whithout worrying of\nthe irrelevant traced spinlock during insertion.\n\nSigned-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker \u003cfweisbec@gmail.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "ea4e2bc4d9f7370e57a343ccb5e7c0ad3222ec3c",
      "tree": "64a4a1d9d7d3de0695cb2e8c7161886ab660e311",
      "parents": [
        "b29144c317fb748dae6d72c0f88eda9d43165b8d"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Steven Rostedt",
        "email": "srostedt@redhat.com",
        "time": "Wed Dec 03 15:36:57 2008 -0500"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Thu Dec 04 09:09:34 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "ftrace: graph of a single function\n\nThis patch adds the file:\n\n   /debugfs/tracing/set_graph_function\n\nwhich can be used along with the function graph tracer.\n\nWhen this file is empty, the function graph tracer will act as\nusual. When the file has a function in it, the function graph\ntracer will only trace that function.\n\nFor example:\n\n # echo blk_unplug \u003e /debugfs/tracing/set_graph_function\n # cat /debugfs/tracing/trace\n [...]\n ------------------------------------------\n | 2)  make-19003  \u003d\u003e  kjournald-2219\n ------------------------------------------\n\n 2)               |  blk_unplug() {\n 2)               |    dm_unplug_all() {\n 2)               |      dm_get_table() {\n 2)      1.381 us |        _read_lock();\n 2)      0.911 us |        dm_table_get();\n 2)      1. 76 us |        _read_unlock();\n 2) +   12.912 us |      }\n 2)               |      dm_table_unplug_all() {\n 2)               |        blk_unplug() {\n 2)      0.778 us |          generic_unplug_device();\n 2)      2.409 us |        }\n 2)      5.992 us |      }\n 2)      0.813 us |      dm_table_put();\n 2) +   29. 90 us |    }\n 2) +   34.532 us |  }\n\nYou can add up to 32 functions into this file. Currently we limit it\nto 32, but this may change with later improvements.\n\nTo add another function, use the append \u0027\u003e\u003e\u0027:\n\n  # echo sys_read \u003e\u003e /debugfs/tracing/set_graph_function\n  # cat /debugfs/tracing/set_graph_function\n  blk_unplug\n  sys_read\n\nUsing the \u0027\u003e\u0027 will clear out the function and write anew:\n\n  # echo sys_write \u003e /debug/tracing/set_graph_function\n  # cat /debug/tracing/set_graph_function\n  sys_write\n\nNote, if you have function graph running while doing this, the small\ntime between clearing it and updating it will cause the graph to\nrecord all functions. This should not be an issue because after\nit sets the filter, only those functions will be recorded from then on.\nIf you need to only record a particular function then set this\nfile first before starting the function graph tracer. In the future\nthis side effect may be corrected.\n\nThe set_graph_function file is similar to the set_ftrace_filter but\nit does not take wild cards nor does it allow for more than one\nfunction to be set with a single write. There is no technical reason why\nthis is the case, I just do not have the time yet to implement that.\n\nNote, dynamic ftrace must be enabled for this to appear because it\nuses the dynamic ftrace records to match the name to the mcount\ncall sites.\n\nSigned-off-by: Steven Rostedt \u003csrostedt@redhat.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "b8307db2477f9c551e54e0c7b643ea349a3349cd",
      "tree": "88654f8bd73857bbd40f75013ce41d8882d16ce6",
      "parents": [
        "f0461d0146ee30927bc7efa2ae24ea8c6693b725",
        "061e41fdb5047b1fb161e89664057835935ca1d2"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Thu Dec 04 09:07:19 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Thu Dec 04 09:07:19 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "Merge commit \u0027v2.6.28-rc7\u0027 into tracing/core\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "ec98ce480ada787f2cfbd696980ff3564415505b",
      "tree": "1a4d644b38f9f1e4b4e086fde0b195df4a92cf84",
      "parents": [
        "3496f92beb9aa99ef21fccc154a36c7698e9c538",
        "feaf3848a813a106f163013af6fcf6c4bfec92d9"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "James Morris",
        "email": "jmorris@namei.org",
        "time": "Thu Dec 04 17:16:36 2008 +1100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "James Morris",
        "email": "jmorris@namei.org",
        "time": "Thu Dec 04 17:16:36 2008 +1100"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027master\u0027 into next\n\nConflicts:\n\tfs/nfsd/nfs4recover.c\n\nManually fixed above to use new creds API functions, e.g.\nnfs4_save_creds().\n\nSigned-off-by: James Morris \u003cjmorris@namei.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "a64d31baed104be25305e9c71585d3ea4ee9a418",
      "tree": "470e3c59ef39f38bcd69f8fef7dba8f76afbec53",
      "parents": [
        "1c39194878c09bd88ffc9c9d4c2f01c3397c7aed",
        "061e41fdb5047b1fb161e89664057835935ca1d2"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Tue Dec 02 20:09:50 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Tue Dec 02 20:09:50 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027linus\u0027 into cpus4096\n\nConflicts:\n\tkernel/trace/ring_buffer.c\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "7ef9964e6d1b911b78709f144000aacadd0ebc21",
      "tree": "30667d0a2f8e53973ff48d2c02df48bbc6fe74aa",
      "parents": [
        "b7d271df873c5121a4ca1c70dea126b5920ec2f1"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Davide Libenzi",
        "email": "davidel@xmailserver.org",
        "time": "Mon Dec 01 13:13:55 2008 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Mon Dec 01 19:55:24 2008 -0800"
      },
      "message": "epoll: introduce resource usage limits\n\nIt has been thought that the per-user file descriptors limit would also\nlimit the resources that a normal user can request via the epoll\ninterface.  Vegard Nossum reported a very simple program (a modified\nversion attached) that can make a normal user to request a pretty large\namount of kernel memory, well within the its maximum number of fds.  To\nsolve such problem, default limits are now imposed, and /proc based\nconfiguration has been introduced.  A new directory has been created,\nnamed /proc/sys/fs/epoll/ and inside there, there are two configuration\npoints:\n\n  max_user_instances \u003d Maximum number of devices - per user\n\n  max_user_watches   \u003d Maximum number of \"watched\" fds - per user\n\nThe current default for \"max_user_watches\" limits the memory used by epoll\nto store \"watches\", to 1/32 of the amount of the low RAM.  As example, a\n256MB 32bit machine, will have \"max_user_watches\" set to roughly 90000.\nThat should be enough to not break existing heavy epoll users.  The\ndefault value for \"max_user_instances\" is set to 128, that should be\nenough too.\n\nThis also changes the userspace, because a new error code can now come out\nfrom EPOLL_CTL_ADD (-ENOSPC).  The EMFILE from epoll_create() was already\nlisted, so that should be ok.\n\n[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use get_current_user()]\nSigned-off-by: Davide Libenzi \u003cdavidel@xmailserver.org\u003e\nCc: Michael Kerrisk \u003cmtk.manpages@gmail.com\u003e\nCc: \u003cstable@kernel.org\u003e\nCc: Cyrill Gorcunov \u003cgorcunov@gmail.com\u003e\nReported-by: Vegard Nossum \u003cvegardno@ifi.uio.no\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "6c415b9234a8c71f290e5d4fddc467f103f32719",
      "tree": "d7ba28aab68b5b38952ccc6256b7ecb701b23ed5",
      "parents": [
        "70574a996fc7a70c5586eb56bd92a544eccf18b6"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Arun R Bharadwaj",
        "email": "arun@linux.vnet.ibm.com",
        "time": "Mon Dec 01 20:49:05 2008 +0530"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Dec 01 20:39:50 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "sched: add uid information to sched_debug for CONFIG_USER_SCHED\n\nImpact: extend information in /proc/sched_debug\n\nThis patch adds uid information in sched_debug for CONFIG_USER_SCHED\n\nSigned-off-by: Arun R Bharadwaj \u003carun@linux.vnet.ibm.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Peter Zijlstra \u003ca.p.zijlstra@chello.nl\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "fb52607afcd0629776f1dc9e657647ceae81dd50",
      "tree": "7bf43b41ff8510d3098c089913cce56a9049f0fd",
      "parents": [
        "509dceef6470442d8c7b8a43ec34125205840b3c"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Frederic Weisbecker",
        "email": "fweisbec@gmail.com",
        "time": "Tue Nov 25 21:07:04 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Wed Nov 26 01:59:45 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "tracing/function-return-tracer: change the name into function-graph-tracer\n\nImpact: cleanup\n\nThis patch changes the name of the \"return function tracer\" into\nfunction-graph-tracer which is a more suitable name for a tracing\nwhich makes one able to retrieve the ordered call stack during\nthe code flow.\n\nSigned-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker \u003cfweisbec@gmail.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Steven Rostedt \u003crostedt@goodmis.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "6abb11aecd888d1da6276399380b7355f127c006",
      "tree": "ef64f865780fa85f4ef102e6de4dd0a589302d32",
      "parents": [
        "ca0002a179bfa532d009a9272d619732872c49bd"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Markus Metzger",
        "email": "markus.t.metzger@intel.com",
        "time": "Tue Nov 25 09:05:27 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Tue Nov 25 17:31:12 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "x86, bts, ptrace: move BTS buffer allocation from ds.c into ptrace.c\n\nImpact: restructure DS memory allocation to be done by the usage site of DS\n\nRequire pre-allocated buffers in ds.h.\n\nMove the BTS buffer allocation for ptrace into ptrace.c.\nThe pointer to the allocated buffer is stored in the traced task\u0027s\ntask_struct together with the handle returned by ds_request_bts().\n\nRemoves memory accounting code.\n\nSigned-off-by: Markus Metzger \u003cmarkus.t.metzger@intel.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "ca0002a179bfa532d009a9272d619732872c49bd",
      "tree": "9a9ca02164dfb2c13afaa38ab67f3f15d8dd5ce8",
      "parents": [
        "7d55718b0c19ba611241c330f688ee824e9bab79"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Markus Metzger",
        "email": "markus.t.metzger@intel.com",
        "time": "Tue Nov 25 09:01:25 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Tue Nov 25 17:31:11 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "x86, bts: base in-kernel ds interface on handles\n\nImpact: generalize the DS code to shared buffers\n\nChange the in-kernel ds.h interface to identify the tracer via a\nhandle returned on ds_request_~().\n\nTracers used to be identified via their task_struct.\n\nThe changes are required to allow DS to be shared between different\ntasks, which is needed for perfmon2 and for ftrace.\n\nFor ptrace, the handle is stored in the traced task\u0027s task_struct.\nThis should probably go into a (arch-specific) ptrace context some\ntime.\n\nSigned-off-by: Markus Metzger \u003cmarkus.t.metzger@intel.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "18b6e0414e42d95183f07d8177e3ff0241abd825",
      "tree": "91ca2f2d442055e31eb7bb551bf7060f3f4c4cc7",
      "parents": [
        "9789cfe22e5d7bc10cad841a4ea96ecedb34b267"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Serge Hallyn",
        "email": "serue@us.ibm.com",
        "time": "Wed Oct 15 16:38:45 2008 -0500"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Serge E. Hallyn",
        "email": "serue@us.ibm.com",
        "time": "Mon Nov 24 18:57:41 2008 -0500"
      },
      "message": "User namespaces: set of cleanups (v2)\n\nThe user_ns is moved from nsproxy to user_struct, so that a struct\ncred by itself is sufficient to determine access (which it otherwise\nwould not be).  Corresponding ecryptfs fixes (by David Howells) are\nhere as well.\n\nFix refcounting.  The following rules now apply:\n        1. The task pins the user struct.\n        2. The user struct pins its user namespace.\n        3. The user namespace pins the struct user which created it.\n\nUser namespaces are cloned during copy_creds().  Unsharing a new user_ns\nis no longer possible.  (We could re-add that, but it\u0027ll cause code\nduplication and doesn\u0027t seem useful if PAM doesn\u0027t need to clone user\nnamespaces).\n\nWhen a user namespace is created, its first user (uid 0) gets empty\nkeyrings and a clean group_info.\n\nThis incorporates a previous patch by David Howells.  Here\nis his original patch description:\n\n\u003eI suggest adding the attached incremental patch.  It makes the following\n\u003echanges:\n\u003e\n\u003e (1) Provides a current_user_ns() macro to wrap accesses to current\u0027s user\n\u003e     namespace.\n\u003e\n\u003e (2) Fixes eCryptFS.\n\u003e\n\u003e (3) Renames create_new_userns() to create_user_ns() to be more consistent\n\u003e     with the other associated functions and because the \u0027new\u0027 in the name is\n\u003e     superfluous.\n\u003e\n\u003e (4) Moves the argument and permission checks made for CLONE_NEWUSER to the\n\u003e     beginning of do_fork() so that they\u0027re done prior to making any attempts\n\u003e     at allocation.\n\u003e\n\u003e (5) Calls create_user_ns() after prepare_creds(), and gives it the new creds\n\u003e     to fill in rather than have it return the new root user.  I don\u0027t imagine\n\u003e     the new root user being used for anything other than filling in a cred\n\u003e     struct.\n\u003e\n\u003e     This also permits me to get rid of a get_uid() and a free_uid(), as the\n\u003e     reference the creds were holding on the old user_struct can just be\n\u003e     transferred to the new namespace\u0027s creator pointer.\n\u003e\n\u003e (6) Makes create_user_ns() reset the UIDs and GIDs of the creds under\n\u003e     preparation rather than doing it in copy_creds().\n\u003e\n\u003eDavid\n\n\u003eSigned-off-by: David Howells \u003cdhowells@redhat.com\u003e\n\nChangelog:\n\tOct 20: integrate dhowells comments\n\t\t1. leave thread_keyring alone\n\t\t2. use current_user_ns() in set_user()\n\nSigned-off-by: Serge Hallyn \u003cserue@us.ibm.com\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "96f874e26428ab5d2db681c100210c254775e154",
      "tree": "e18a6f0629ef17f2344f3691c8df4692ccb875fa",
      "parents": [
        "0e3900e6d3b04c44737ebc505604dcd8ed30e354"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Rusty Russell",
        "email": "rusty@rustcorp.com.au",
        "time": "Tue Nov 25 02:35:14 2008 +1030"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Nov 24 17:52:42 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "sched: convert remaining old-style cpumask operators\n\nImpact: Trivial API conversion\n\n  NR_CPUS -\u003e nr_cpu_ids\n  cpumask_t -\u003e struct cpumask\n  sizeof(cpumask_t) -\u003e cpumask_size()\n  cpumask_a \u003d cpumask_b -\u003e cpumask_copy(\u0026cpumask_a, \u0026cpumask_b)\n\n  cpu_set() -\u003e cpumask_set_cpu()\n  first_cpu() -\u003e cpumask_first()\n  cpumask_of_cpu() -\u003e cpumask_of()\n  cpus_* -\u003e cpumask_*\n\nThere are some FIXMEs where we all archs to complete infrastructure\n(patches have been sent):\n\n  cpu_coregroup_map -\u003e cpu_coregroup_mask\n  node_to_cpumask* -\u003e cpumask_of_node\n\nThere is also one FIXME where we pass an array of cpumasks to\npartition_sched_domains(): this implies knowing the definition of\n\u0027struct cpumask\u0027 and the size of a cpumask.  This will be fixed in a\nfuture patch.\n\nSigned-off-by: Rusty Russell \u003crusty@rustcorp.com.au\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "6a7b3dc3440f7b5a9b67594af01ed562cdeb41e4",
      "tree": "fdbe54d2c9cd665c6a76ed09e9e4b7c51fb4df20",
      "parents": [
        "6c99e9ad47d9c082bd096f42fb49e397b05d58a8"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Rusty Russell",
        "email": "rusty@rustcorp.com.au",
        "time": "Tue Nov 25 02:35:04 2008 +1030"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Nov 24 17:51:10 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "sched: convert nohz_cpu_mask to cpumask_var_t.\n\nImpact: (future) size reduction for large NR_CPUS.\n\nDynamically allocating cpumasks (when CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK) saves\nspace for small nr_cpu_ids but big CONFIG_NR_CPUS.  cpumask_var_t\nis just a struct cpumask for !CONFIG_CPUMASK_OFFSTACK.\n\nSigned-off-by: Rusty Russell \u003crusty@rustcorp.com.au\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "6c99e9ad47d9c082bd096f42fb49e397b05d58a8",
      "tree": "7b0adff66f353b173a3adc05b03b3279bef63c40",
      "parents": [
        "758b2cdc6f6a22c702bd8f2344382fb1270b2161"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Rusty Russell",
        "email": "rusty@rustcorp.com.au",
        "time": "Tue Nov 25 02:35:04 2008 +1030"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Nov 24 17:50:57 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "sched: convert struct sched_group/sched_domain cpumask_ts to variable bitmaps\n\nImpact: (future) size reduction for large NR_CPUS.\n\nWe move the \u0027cpumask\u0027 member of sched_group to the end, so when we\nkmalloc it we can do a minimal allocation: saves space for small\nnr_cpu_ids but big CONFIG_NR_CPUS.  Similar trick for \u0027span\u0027 in\nsched_domain.\n\nThis isn\u0027t quite as good as converting to a cpumask_var_t, as some\nsched_groups are actually static, but it\u0027s safer: we don\u0027t have to\nfigure out where to call alloc_cpumask_var/free_cpumask_var.\n\nSigned-off-by: Rusty Russell \u003crusty@rustcorp.com.au\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "758b2cdc6f6a22c702bd8f2344382fb1270b2161",
      "tree": "270aec3d0f6235c1519c16e8dc8148f195e133db",
      "parents": [
        "1e5ce4f4a755ee498bd9217dae26143afa0d8f31"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Rusty Russell",
        "email": "rusty@rustcorp.com.au",
        "time": "Tue Nov 25 02:35:04 2008 +1030"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Nov 24 17:50:45 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "sched: wrap sched_group and sched_domain cpumask accesses.\n\nImpact: trivial wrap of member accesses\n\nThis eases the transition in the next patch.\n\nWe also get rid of a temporary cpumask in find_idlest_cpu() thanks to\nfor_each_cpu_and, and sched_balance_self() due to getting weight before\nsetting sd to NULL.\n\nSigned-off-by: Rusty Russell \u003crusty@rustcorp.com.au\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "943f3d030003e1fa5f77647328e805441213bf49",
      "tree": "7abb80d88e31f4d00dc77c1e649e4917f8cb9daa",
      "parents": [
        "64b7482de253c10efa2589a6212e3d2093a3efc7",
        "b19b3c74c7bbec45a848631b8f970ac110665a01",
        "6f893fb2e89287a4d755f928c3cda9d18440355c"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Nov 24 17:46:57 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Nov 24 17:46:57 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "Merge branches \u0027sched/core\u0027, \u0027core/core\u0027 and \u0027tracing/core\u0027 into cpus4096\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "64b7482de253c10efa2589a6212e3d2093a3efc7",
      "tree": "0745dd3684cbe9c17b95b601bad3605c22459f41",
      "parents": [
        "957ad0166e9f76a8561dafa5e14ef5bd3f5e9a3b",
        "50ee91765e25e7967a7b69cd5cc2bcab85e2eeb8"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Nov 24 17:37:12 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Nov 24 17:37:12 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027sched/rt\u0027 into sched/core\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "f201ae2356c74bcae130b2177b3dca903ea98071",
      "tree": "c4b1b43fbe0a4594cb86749b2e7098fe15eb86ba",
      "parents": [
        "a0a70c735ef714fe1b6777b571630c3d50c7b008"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Frederic Weisbecker",
        "email": "fweisbec@gmail.com",
        "time": "Sun Nov 23 06:22:56 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Sun Nov 23 09:17:26 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "tracing/function-return-tracer: store return stack into task_struct and allocate it dynamically\n\nImpact: use deeper function tracing depth safely\n\nSome tests showed that function return tracing needed a more deeper depth\nof function calls. But it could be unsafe to store these return addresses\nto the stack.\n\nSo these arrays will now be allocated dynamically into task_struct of current\nonly when the tracer is activated.\n\nTypical scheme when tracer is activated:\n- allocate a return stack for each task in global list.\n- fork: allocate the return stack for the newly created task\n- exit: free return stack of current\n- idle init: same as fork\n\nI chose a default depth of 50. I don\u0027t have overruns anymore.\n\nSigned-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker \u003cfweisbec@gmail.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "0231022cc32d5f2e7f3c06b75691dda0ad6aec33",
      "tree": "b45429e95fc7d52bae32e62ef514f3d7ccf62ce6",
      "parents": [
        "0619faf657806b943e6acf51f60f1cd023a96c78"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Frederic Weisbecker",
        "email": "fweisbec@gmail.com",
        "time": "Mon Nov 17 03:22:41 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Tue Nov 18 11:11:00 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "tracing/function-return-tracer: add the overrun field\n\nImpact: help to find the better depth of trace\n\nWe decided to arbitrary define the depth of function return trace as\n\"20\". Perhaps this is not enough. To help finding an optimal depth, we\nmeasure now the overrun: the number of functions that have been missed\nfor the current thread. By default this is not displayed, we have to\ndo set a particular flag on the return tracer: echo overrun \u003e\n/debug/tracing/trace_options And the overrun will be printed on the\nright.\n\nAs the trace shows below, the current 20 depth is not enough.\n\nupdate_wall_time+0x37f/0x8c0 -\u003e update_xtime_cache (345 ns) (Overruns: 2838)\nupdate_wall_time+0x384/0x8c0 -\u003e clocksource_get_next (1141 ns) (Overruns: 2838)\ndo_timer+0x23/0x100 -\u003e update_wall_time (3882 ns) (Overruns: 2838)\ntick_do_update_jiffies64+0xbf/0x160 -\u003e do_timer (5339 ns) (Overruns: 2838)\ntick_sched_timer+0x6a/0xf0 -\u003e tick_do_update_jiffies64 (7209 ns) (Overruns: 2838)\nvgacon_set_cursor_size+0x98/0x120 -\u003e native_io_delay (2613 ns) (Overruns: 274)\nvgacon_cursor+0x16e/0x1d0 -\u003e vgacon_set_cursor_size (33151 ns) (Overruns: 274)\nset_cursor+0x5f/0x80 -\u003e vgacon_cursor (36432 ns) (Overruns: 274)\ncon_flush_chars+0x34/0x40 -\u003e set_cursor (38790 ns) (Overruns: 274)\nrelease_console_sem+0x1ec/0x230 -\u003e up (721 ns) (Overruns: 274)\nrelease_console_sem+0x225/0x230 -\u003e wake_up_klogd (316 ns) (Overruns: 274)\ncon_flush_chars+0x39/0x40 -\u003e release_console_sem (2996 ns) (Overruns: 274)\ncon_write+0x22/0x30 -\u003e con_flush_chars (46067 ns) (Overruns: 274)\nn_tty_write+0x1cc/0x360 -\u003e con_write (292670 ns) (Overruns: 274)\nsmp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x2a/0x90 -\u003e native_apic_mem_write (330 ns) (Overruns: 274)\nirq_enter+0x17/0x70 -\u003e idle_cpu (413 ns) (Overruns: 274)\nsmp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x2f/0x90 -\u003e irq_enter (1525 ns) (Overruns: 274)\nktime_get_ts+0x40/0x70 -\u003e getnstimeofday (465 ns) (Overruns: 274)\nktime_get_ts+0x60/0x70 -\u003e set_normalized_timespec (436 ns) (Overruns: 274)\nktime_get+0x16/0x30 -\u003e ktime_get_ts (2501 ns) (Overruns: 274)\nhrtimer_interrupt+0x77/0x1a0 -\u003e ktime_get (3439 ns) (Overruns: 274)\n\nSigned-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker \u003cfweisbec@gmail.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Steven Rostedt \u003crostedt@goodmis.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "2b828925652340277a889cbc11b2d0637f7cdaf7",
      "tree": "32fcb3d3e466fc419fad2d3717956a5b5ad3d35a",
      "parents": [
        "3a3b7ce9336952ea7b9564d976d068a238976c9d",
        "58e20d8d344b0ee083febb18c2b021d2427e56ca"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "James Morris",
        "email": "jmorris@namei.org",
        "time": "Fri Nov 14 11:29:12 2008 +1100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "James Morris",
        "email": "jmorris@namei.org",
        "time": "Fri Nov 14 11:29:12 2008 +1100"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027master\u0027 into next\n\nConflicts:\n\tsecurity/keys/internal.h\n\tsecurity/keys/process_keys.c\n\tsecurity/keys/request_key.c\n\nFixed conflicts above by using the non \u0027tsk\u0027 versions.\n\nSigned-off-by: James Morris \u003cjmorris@namei.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "3b11a1decef07c19443d24ae926982bc8ec9f4c0",
      "tree": "b6555f0e5b07f4b2badd332a0a900b974920c49d",
      "parents": [
        "98870ab0a5a3f1822aee681d2997017e1c87d026"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "David Howells",
        "email": "dhowells@redhat.com",
        "time": "Fri Nov 14 10:39:26 2008 +1100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "James Morris",
        "email": "jmorris@namei.org",
        "time": "Fri Nov 14 10:39:26 2008 +1100"
      },
      "message": "CRED: Differentiate objective and effective subjective credentials on a task\n\nDifferentiate the objective and real subjective credentials from the effective\nsubjective credentials on a task by introducing a second credentials pointer\ninto the task_struct.\n\ntask_struct::real_cred then refers to the objective and apparent real\nsubjective credentials of a task, as perceived by the other tasks in the\nsystem.\n\ntask_struct::cred then refers to the effective subjective credentials of a\ntask, as used by that task when it\u0027s actually running.  These are not visible\nto the other tasks in the system.\n\n__task_cred(task) then refers to the objective/real credentials of the task in\nquestion.\n\ncurrent_cred() refers to the effective subjective credentials of the current\ntask.\n\nprepare_creds() uses the objective creds as a base and commit_creds() changes\nboth pointers in the task_struct (indeed commit_creds() requires them to be the\nsame).\n\noverride_creds() and revert_creds() change the subjective creds pointer only,\nand the former returns the old subjective creds.  These are used by NFSD,\nfaccessat() and do_coredump(), and will by used by CacheFiles.\n\nIn SELinux, current_has_perm() is provided as an alternative to\ntask_has_perm().  This uses the effective subjective context of current,\nwhereas task_has_perm() uses the objective/real context of the subject.\n\nSigned-off-by: David Howells \u003cdhowells@redhat.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: James Morris \u003cjmorris@namei.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "d84f4f992cbd76e8f39c488cf0c5d123843923b1",
      "tree": "fc4a0349c42995715b93d0f7a3c78e9ea9b3f36e",
      "parents": [
        "745ca2475a6ac596e3d8d37c2759c0fbe2586227"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "David Howells",
        "email": "dhowells@redhat.com",
        "time": "Fri Nov 14 10:39:23 2008 +1100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "James Morris",
        "email": "jmorris@namei.org",
        "time": "Fri Nov 14 10:39:23 2008 +1100"
      },
      "message": "CRED: Inaugurate COW credentials\n\nInaugurate copy-on-write credentials management.  This uses RCU to manage the\ncredentials pointer in the task_struct with respect to accesses by other tasks.\nA process may only modify its own credentials, and so does not need locking to\naccess or modify its own credentials.\n\nA mutex (cred_replace_mutex) is added to the task_struct to control the effect\nof PTRACE_ATTACHED on credential calculations, particularly with respect to\nexecve().\n\nWith this patch, the contents of an active credentials struct may not be\nchanged directly; rather a new set of credentials must be prepared, modified\nand committed using something like the following sequence of events:\n\n\tstruct cred *new \u003d prepare_creds();\n\tint ret \u003d blah(new);\n\tif (ret \u003c 0) {\n\t\tabort_creds(new);\n\t\treturn ret;\n\t}\n\treturn commit_creds(new);\n\nThere are some exceptions to this rule: the keyrings pointed to by the active\ncredentials may be instantiated - keyrings violate the COW rule as managing\nCOW keyrings is tricky, given that it is possible for a task to directly alter\nthe keys in a keyring in use by another task.\n\nTo help enforce this, various pointers to sets of credentials, such as those in\nthe task_struct, are declared const.  The purpose of this is compile-time\ndiscouragement of altering credentials through those pointers.  Once a set of\ncredentials has been made public through one of these pointers, it may not be\nmodified, except under special circumstances:\n\n  (1) Its reference count may incremented and decremented.\n\n  (2) The keyrings to which it points may be modified, but not replaced.\n\nThe only safe way to modify anything else is to create a replacement and commit\nusing the functions described in Documentation/credentials.txt (which will be\nadded by a later patch).\n\nThis patch and the preceding patches have been tested with the LTP SELinux\ntestsuite.\n\nThis patch makes several logical sets of alteration:\n\n (1) execve().\n\n     This now prepares and commits credentials in various places in the\n     security code rather than altering the current creds directly.\n\n (2) Temporary credential overrides.\n\n     do_coredump() and sys_faccessat() now prepare their own credentials and\n     temporarily override the ones currently on the acting thread, whilst\n     preventing interference from other threads by holding cred_replace_mutex\n     on the thread being dumped.\n\n     This will be replaced in a future patch by something that hands down the\n     credentials directly to the functions being called, rather than altering\n     the task\u0027s objective credentials.\n\n (3) LSM interface.\n\n     A number of functions have been changed, added or removed:\n\n     (*) security_capset_check(), -\u003ecapset_check()\n     (*) security_capset_set(), -\u003ecapset_set()\n\n     \t Removed in favour of security_capset().\n\n     (*) security_capset(), -\u003ecapset()\n\n     \t New.  This is passed a pointer to the new creds, a pointer to the old\n     \t creds and the proposed capability sets.  It should fill in the new\n     \t creds or return an error.  All pointers, barring the pointer to the\n     \t new creds, are now const.\n\n     (*) security_bprm_apply_creds(), -\u003ebprm_apply_creds()\n\n     \t Changed; now returns a value, which will cause the process to be\n     \t killed if it\u0027s an error.\n\n     (*) security_task_alloc(), -\u003etask_alloc_security()\n\n     \t Removed in favour of security_prepare_creds().\n\n     (*) security_cred_free(), -\u003ecred_free()\n\n     \t New.  Free security data attached to cred-\u003esecurity.\n\n     (*) security_prepare_creds(), -\u003ecred_prepare()\n\n     \t New. Duplicate any security data attached to cred-\u003esecurity.\n\n     (*) security_commit_creds(), -\u003ecred_commit()\n\n     \t New. Apply any security effects for the upcoming installation of new\n     \t security by commit_creds().\n\n     (*) security_task_post_setuid(), -\u003etask_post_setuid()\n\n     \t Removed in favour of security_task_fix_setuid().\n\n     (*) security_task_fix_setuid(), -\u003etask_fix_setuid()\n\n     \t Fix up the proposed new credentials for setuid().  This is used by\n     \t cap_set_fix_setuid() to implicitly adjust capabilities in line with\n     \t setuid() changes.  Changes are made to the new credentials, rather\n     \t than the task itself as in security_task_post_setuid().\n\n     (*) security_task_reparent_to_init(), -\u003etask_reparent_to_init()\n\n     \t Removed.  Instead the task being reparented to init is referred\n     \t directly to init\u0027s credentials.\n\n\t NOTE!  This results in the loss of some state: SELinux\u0027s osid no\n\t longer records the sid of the thread that forked it.\n\n     (*) security_key_alloc(), -\u003ekey_alloc()\n     (*) security_key_permission(), -\u003ekey_permission()\n\n     \t Changed.  These now take cred pointers rather than task pointers to\n     \t refer to the security context.\n\n (4) sys_capset().\n\n     This has been simplified and uses less locking.  The LSM functions it\n     calls have been merged.\n\n (5) reparent_to_kthreadd().\n\n     This gives the current thread the same credentials as init by simply using\n     commit_thread() to point that way.\n\n (6) __sigqueue_alloc() and switch_uid()\n\n     __sigqueue_alloc() can\u0027t stop the target task from changing its creds\n     beneath it, so this function gets a reference to the currently applicable\n     user_struct which it then passes into the sigqueue struct it returns if\n     successful.\n\n     switch_uid() is now called from commit_creds(), and possibly should be\n     folded into that.  commit_creds() should take care of protecting\n     __sigqueue_alloc().\n\n (7) [sg]et[ug]id() and co and [sg]et_current_groups.\n\n     The set functions now all use prepare_creds(), commit_creds() and\n     abort_creds() to build and check a new set of credentials before applying\n     it.\n\n     security_task_set[ug]id() is called inside the prepared section.  This\n     guarantees that nothing else will affect the creds until we\u0027ve finished.\n\n     The calling of set_dumpable() has been moved into commit_creds().\n\n     Much of the functionality of set_user() has been moved into\n     commit_creds().\n\n     The get functions all simply access the data directly.\n\n (8) security_task_prctl() and cap_task_prctl().\n\n     security_task_prctl() has been modified to return -ENOSYS if it doesn\u0027t\n     want to handle a function, or otherwise return the return value directly\n     rather than through an argument.\n\n     Additionally, cap_task_prctl() now prepares a new set of credentials, even\n     if it doesn\u0027t end up using it.\n\n (9) Keyrings.\n\n     A number of changes have been made to the keyrings code:\n\n     (a) switch_uid_keyring(), copy_keys(), exit_keys() and suid_keys() have\n     \t all been dropped and built in to the credentials functions directly.\n     \t They may want separating out again later.\n\n     (b) key_alloc() and search_process_keyrings() now take a cred pointer\n     \t rather than a task pointer to specify the security context.\n\n     (c) copy_creds() gives a new thread within the same thread group a new\n     \t thread keyring if its parent had one, otherwise it discards the thread\n     \t keyring.\n\n     (d) The authorisation key now points directly to the credentials to extend\n     \t the search into rather pointing to the task that carries them.\n\n     (e) Installing thread, process or session keyrings causes a new set of\n     \t credentials to be created, even though it\u0027s not strictly necessary for\n     \t process or session keyrings (they\u0027re shared).\n\n(10) Usermode helper.\n\n     The usermode helper code now carries a cred struct pointer in its\n     subprocess_info struct instead of a new session keyring pointer.  This set\n     of credentials is derived from init_cred and installed on the new process\n     after it has been cloned.\n\n     call_usermodehelper_setup() allocates the new credentials and\n     call_usermodehelper_freeinfo() discards them if they haven\u0027t been used.  A\n     special cred function (prepare_usermodeinfo_creds()) is provided\n     specifically for call_usermodehelper_setup() to call.\n\n     call_usermodehelper_setkeys() adjusts the credentials to sport the\n     supplied keyring as the new session keyring.\n\n(11) SELinux.\n\n     SELinux has a number of changes, in addition to those to support the LSM\n     interface changes mentioned above:\n\n     (a) selinux_setprocattr() no longer does its check for whether the\n     \t current ptracer can access processes with the new SID inside the lock\n     \t that covers getting the ptracer\u0027s SID.  Whilst this lock ensures that\n     \t the check is done with the ptracer pinned, the result is only valid\n     \t until the lock is released, so there\u0027s no point doing it inside the\n     \t lock.\n\n(12) is_single_threaded().\n\n     This function has been extracted from selinux_setprocattr() and put into\n     a file of its own in the lib/ directory as join_session_keyring() now\n     wants to use it too.\n\n     The code in SELinux just checked to see whether a task shared mm_structs\n     with other tasks (CLONE_VM), but that isn\u0027t good enough.  We really want\n     to know if they\u0027re part of the same thread group (CLONE_THREAD).\n\n(13) nfsd.\n\n     The NFS server daemon now has to use the COW credentials to set the\n     credentials it is going to use.  It really needs to pass the credentials\n     down to the functions it calls, but it can\u0027t do that until other patches\n     in this series have been applied.\n\nSigned-off-by: David Howells \u003cdhowells@redhat.com\u003e\nAcked-by: James Morris \u003cjmorris@namei.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: James Morris \u003cjmorris@namei.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "bb952bb98a7e479262c7eb25d5592545a3af147d",
      "tree": "9a2158c07a22a5fbddcec412944d2e7534eecc8f",
      "parents": [
        "275bb41e9d058fbb327e7642f077e1beaeac162e"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "David Howells",
        "email": "dhowells@redhat.com",
        "time": "Fri Nov 14 10:39:20 2008 +1100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "James Morris",
        "email": "jmorris@namei.org",
        "time": "Fri Nov 14 10:39:20 2008 +1100"
      },
      "message": "CRED: Separate per-task-group keyrings from signal_struct\n\nSeparate per-task-group keyrings from signal_struct and dangle their anchor\nfrom the cred struct rather than the signal_struct.\n\nSigned-off-by: David Howells \u003cdhowells@redhat.com\u003e\nReviewed-by: James Morris \u003cjmorris@namei.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: James Morris \u003cjmorris@namei.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "f1752eec6145c97163dbce62d17cf5d928e28a27",
      "tree": "16bc51166d38815092de36a461b845b0b4b522f9",
      "parents": [
        "b6dff3ec5e116e3af6f537d4caedcad6b9e5082a"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "David Howells",
        "email": "dhowells@redhat.com",
        "time": "Fri Nov 14 10:39:17 2008 +1100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "James Morris",
        "email": "jmorris@namei.org",
        "time": "Fri Nov 14 10:39:17 2008 +1100"
      },
      "message": "CRED: Detach the credentials from task_struct\n\nDetach the credentials from task_struct, duplicating them in copy_process()\nand releasing them in __put_task_struct().\n\nSigned-off-by: David Howells \u003cdhowells@redhat.com\u003e\nAcked-by: James Morris \u003cjmorris@namei.org\u003e\nAcked-by: Serge Hallyn \u003cserue@us.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: James Morris \u003cjmorris@namei.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "b6dff3ec5e116e3af6f537d4caedcad6b9e5082a",
      "tree": "9e76f972eb7ce9b84e0146c8e4126a3f86acb428",
      "parents": [
        "15a2460ed0af7538ca8e6c610fe607a2cd9da142"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "David Howells",
        "email": "dhowells@redhat.com",
        "time": "Fri Nov 14 10:39:16 2008 +1100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "James Morris",
        "email": "jmorris@namei.org",
        "time": "Fri Nov 14 10:39:16 2008 +1100"
      },
      "message": "CRED: Separate task security context from task_struct\n\nSeparate the task security context from task_struct.  At this point, the\nsecurity data is temporarily embedded in the task_struct with two pointers\npointing to it.\n\nNote that the Alpha arch is altered as it refers to (E)UID and (E)GID in\nentry.S via asm-offsets.\n\nWith comment fixes Signed-off-by: Marc Dionne \u003cmarc.c.dionne@gmail.com\u003e\n\nSigned-off-by: David Howells \u003cdhowells@redhat.com\u003e\nAcked-by: James Morris \u003cjmorris@namei.org\u003e\nAcked-by: Serge Hallyn \u003cserue@us.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: James Morris \u003cjmorris@namei.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "60a011c736e7dd09a0b01ca6a051a416f3f52ffb",
      "tree": "20e91db58c3bbfa622d3ed8ec747e4974a807284",
      "parents": [
        "d06bbd669539215405874d8fe32ab65105e6c4bb",
        "19b3e9671c5a219b8c34da2cc66e0ce7c3a501ae"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Wed Nov 12 10:17:09 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Wed Nov 12 10:17:09 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027tracing/function-return-tracer\u0027 into tracing/fastboot\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "50ee91765e25e7967a7b69cd5cc2bcab85e2eeb8",
      "tree": "7aa6ce4c38060fe88e19375271d8f00ed974c38d",
      "parents": [
        "cf7f8690e864c6fe11e77202dd847fa60f483418"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Dhaval Giani",
        "email": "dhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com",
        "time": "Tue Nov 11 18:13:23 2008 +0530"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Tue Nov 11 13:53:13 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "sched/rt: removed unneeded defintion\n\nImpact: cleanup\n\nThis function no longer exists, so remove the defintion.\n\nSigned-off-by: Dhaval Giani \u003cdhaval@linux.vnet.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "caf4b323b02a16c92fba449952ac6515ddc76d7a",
      "tree": "6fc234d00faca192248344996a168afb253e5f40",
      "parents": [
        "d844222a54c33a960755b44b934cd1b01b05dceb"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Frederic Weisbecker",
        "email": "fweisbec@gmail.com",
        "time": "Tue Nov 11 07:03:45 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Tue Nov 11 10:29:11 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "tracing, x86: add low level support for ftrace return tracing\n\nImpact: add infrastructure for function-return tracing\n\nAdd low level support for ftrace return tracing.\n\nThis plug-in stores return addresses on the thread_info structure of\nthe current task.\n\nThe index of the current return address is initialized when the task\nis the first one (init) and when a process forks (the child). It is\nnot needed when a task does a sys_execve because after this syscall,\nit still needs to return on the kernel functions it called.\n\nNote that the code of return_to_handler has been suggested by Steven\nRostedt as almost all of the ideas of improvements in this V3.\n\nFor purpose of security, arch/x86/kernel/process_32.c is not traced\nbecause __switch_to() changes the current task during its execution.\nThat could cause inconsistency in the stored return address of this\nfunction even if I didn\u0027t have any crash after testing with tracing on\nthis function enabled.\n\nSigned-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker \u003cfweisbec@gmail.com\u003e\nCc: Steven Rostedt \u003crostedt@goodmis.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "ad474caca3e2a0550b7ce0706527ad5ab389a4d4",
      "tree": "6d4e5cbcee3a85230317a33d66655ece0c873f5c",
      "parents": [
        "5ac5c4d604bf894ef672a7971d03fefdc7ea7e49"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Oleg Nesterov",
        "email": "oleg@redhat.com",
        "time": "Mon Nov 10 15:39:30 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Tue Nov 11 08:01:43 2008 +0100"
      },
      "message": "fix for account_group_exec_runtime(), make sure -\u003esignal can\u0027t be freed under rq-\u003elock\n\nImpact: fix hang/crash on ia64 under high load\n\nThis is ugly, but the simplest patch by far.\n\nUnlike other similar routines, account_group_exec_runtime() could be\ncalled \"implicitly\" from within scheduler after exit_notify(). This\nmeans we can race with the parent doing release_task(), we can\u0027t just\ncheck -\u003esignal !\u003d NULL.\n\nChange __exit_signal() to do spin_unlock_wait(\u0026task_rq(tsk)-\u003elock)\nbefore __cleanup_signal() to make sure -\u003esignal can\u0027t be freed under\ntask_rq(tsk)-\u003elock. Note that task_rq_unlock_wait() doesn\u0027t care\nabout the case when tsk changes cpu/rq under us, this should be OK.\n\nThanks to Ingo who nacked my previous buggy patch.\n\nSigned-off-by: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@redhat.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Peter Zijlstra \u003cpeterz@infradead.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\nReported-by: Doug Chapman \u003cdoug.chapman@hp.com\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "f8d570a4745835f2238a33b537218a1bb03fc671",
      "tree": "776c2909523c684f0954949a2947ff0a792ba457",
      "parents": [
        "75fa67706cce5272bcfc51ed646f2da21f3bdb6e"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "David Miller",
        "email": "davem@davemloft.net",
        "time": "Thu Nov 06 00:37:40 2008 -0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Thu Nov 06 13:51:50 2008 -0800"
      },
      "message": "net: Fix recursive descent in __scm_destroy().\n\n__scm_destroy() walks the list of file descriptors in the scm_fp_list\npointed to by the scm_cookie argument.\n\nThose, in turn, can close sockets and invoke __scm_destroy() again.\n\nThere is nothing which limits how deeply this can occur.\n\nThe idea for how to fix this is from Linus.  Basically, we do all of\nthe fput()s at the top level by collecting all of the scm_fp_list\nobjects hit by an fput().  Inside of the initial __scm_destroy() we\nkeep running the list until it is empty.\n\nSigned-off-by: David S. Miller \u003cdavem@davemloft.net\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "8c82a17e9c924c0e9f13e75e4c2f6bca19a4b516",
      "tree": "d535f46a917e14e90deccb29ad00aac016ad18dd",
      "parents": [
        "4ce72a2c063a7fa8e42a9435440ae3364115a58d",
        "57f8f7b60db6f1ed2c6918ab9230c4623a9dbe37"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Oct 24 12:48:46 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Oct 24 12:48:46 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "Merge commit \u0027v2.6.28-rc1\u0027 into sched/urgent\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "88ed86fee6651033de9b7038dac7869a9f19775a",
      "tree": "38b638d2e7cba110ec271275738f221feb7e0a37",
      "parents": [
        "3856d30ded1fe43c6657927ebad402d25cd128f4",
        "59c7572e82d69483a66eaa67b46548baeb69ecf4"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Thu Oct 23 12:04:37 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Thu Oct 23 12:04:37 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027proc\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/adobriyan/proc\n\n* \u0027proc\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/adobriyan/proc: (35 commits)\n  proc: remove fs/proc/proc_misc.c\n  proc: move /proc/vmcore creation to fs/proc/vmcore.c\n  proc: move pagecount stuff to fs/proc/page.c\n  proc: move all /proc/kcore stuff to fs/proc/kcore.c\n  proc: move /proc/schedstat boilerplate to kernel/sched_stats.h\n  proc: move /proc/modules boilerplate to kernel/module.c\n  proc: move /proc/diskstats boilerplate to block/genhd.c\n  proc: move /proc/zoneinfo boilerplate to mm/vmstat.c\n  proc: move /proc/vmstat boilerplate to mm/vmstat.c\n  proc: move /proc/pagetypeinfo boilerplate to mm/vmstat.c\n  proc: move /proc/buddyinfo boilerplate to mm/vmstat.c\n  proc: move /proc/vmallocinfo to mm/vmalloc.c\n  proc: move /proc/slabinfo boilerplate to mm/slub.c, mm/slab.c\n  proc: move /proc/slab_allocators boilerplate to mm/slab.c\n  proc: move /proc/interrupts boilerplate code to fs/proc/interrupts.c\n  proc: move /proc/stat to fs/proc/stat.c\n  proc: move rest of /proc/partitions code to block/genhd.c\n  proc: move /proc/cpuinfo code to fs/proc/cpuinfo.c\n  proc: move /proc/devices code to fs/proc/devices.c\n  proc: move rest of /proc/locks to fs/locks.c\n  ...\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "1f6d6e8ebe73ba9d9d4c693f7f6f50f661dbd6e4",
      "tree": "be7a2d20b1728da5a0d844a6f4cd382b2c2569fb",
      "parents": [
        "db563fc2e80534f98c7f9121a6f7dfe41f177a79",
        "268a3dcfea2077fca60d3715caa5c96f9b5e6ea7"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Thu Oct 23 10:53:02 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Thu Oct 23 10:53:02 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027v28-range-hrtimers-for-linus-v2\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip\n\n* \u0027v28-range-hrtimers-for-linus-v2\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (37 commits)\n  hrtimers: add missing docbook comments to struct hrtimer\n  hrtimers: simplify hrtimer_peek_ahead_timers()\n  hrtimers: fix docbook comments\n  DECLARE_PER_CPU needs linux/percpu.h\n  hrtimers: fix typo\n  rangetimers: fix the bug reported by Ingo for real\n  rangetimer: fix BUG_ON reported by Ingo\n  rangetimer: fix x86 build failure for the !HRTIMERS case\n  select: fix alpha OSF wrapper\n  select: fix alpha OSF wrapper\n  hrtimer: peek at the timer queue just before going idle\n  hrtimer: make the futex() system call use the per process slack value\n  hrtimer: make the nanosleep() syscall use the per process slack\n  hrtimer: fix signed/unsigned bug in slack estimator\n  hrtimer: show the timer ranges in /proc/timer_list\n  hrtimer: incorporate feedback from Peter Zijlstra\n  hrtimer: add a hrtimer_start_range() function\n  hrtimer: another build fix\n  hrtimer: fix build bug found by Ingo\n  hrtimer: make select() and poll() use the hrtimer range feature\n  ...\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "133e887f90208d339088dd60cb1d08a72ba27288",
      "tree": "4f6bab9d13df7fac50bc7d699d8486f441deb428",
      "parents": [
        "e82cff752f57810a2259415ad2e9087c2d69484c",
        "0c4b83da58ec2e96ce9c44c211d6eac5f9dae478"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Thu Oct 23 09:37:16 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Thu Oct 23 09:37:16 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027sched-fixes-for-linus\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip\n\n* \u0027sched-fixes-for-linus\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:\n  sched: disable the hrtick for now\n  sched: revert back to per-rq vruntime\n  sched: fair scheduler should not resched rt tasks\n  sched: optimize group load balancer\n  sched: minor fast-path overhead reduction\n  sched: fix the wrong mask_len, cleanup\n  sched: kill unused scheduler decl.\n  sched: fix the wrong mask_len\n  sched: only update rq-\u003eclock while holding rq-\u003elock\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "b5aadf7f14c1acc94956aa257e018e9de3881f41",
      "tree": "5add08715374d105dc16f4135e2445e4a3b65a17",
      "parents": [
        "3b5d5c6b0ccba733a313f8752ebc3f8015628ba3"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Alexey Dobriyan",
        "email": "adobriyan@gmail.com",
        "time": "Mon Oct 06 13:23:43 2008 +0400"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Alexey Dobriyan",
        "email": "adobriyan@gmail.com",
        "time": "Thu Oct 23 18:06:12 2008 +0400"
      },
      "message": "proc: move /proc/schedstat boilerplate to kernel/sched_stats.h\n\nSigned-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan \u003cadobriyan@gmail.com\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "4ce72a2c063a7fa8e42a9435440ae3364115a58d",
      "tree": "427b25960945524a205c7d8ed20ed5f02325175e",
      "parents": [
        "0c4b83da58ec2e96ce9c44c211d6eac5f9dae478"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Li Zefan",
        "email": "lizf@cn.fujitsu.com",
        "time": "Wed Oct 22 15:25:26 2008 +0800"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Wed Oct 22 10:01:52 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "sched: add CONFIG_SMP consistency\n\na patch from Henrik Austad did this:\n\n\u003e\u003e Do not declare select_task_rq as part of sched_class when CONFIG_SMP is\n\u003e\u003e not set.\n\nPeter observed:\n\n\u003e While a proper cleanup, could you do it by re-arranging the methods so\n\u003e as to not create an additional ifdef?\n\nDo not declare select_task_rq and some other methods as part of sched_class\nwhen CONFIG_SMP is not set.\n\nAlso gather those methods to avoid CONFIG_SMP mess.\n\nIdea-by: Henrik Austad \u003chenrik.austad@gmail.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Li Zefan \u003clizf@cn.fujitsu.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Peter Zijlstra \u003cpeterz@infradead.org\u003e\nAcked-by: Henrik Austad \u003chenrik@austad.us\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "268a3dcfea2077fca60d3715caa5c96f9b5e6ea7",
      "tree": "c2232774508424e677e27f296090a68c775e4669",
      "parents": [
        "c4bd822e7b12a9008241d76db45b665f2fef180c",
        "592aa999d6a272856c9bfbdaac0cfba1bb37c24c"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Thomas Gleixner",
        "email": "tglx@linutronix.de",
        "time": "Wed Oct 22 09:48:06 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Thomas Gleixner",
        "email": "tglx@linutronix.de",
        "time": "Wed Oct 22 09:48:06 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027timers/range-hrtimers\u0027 into v28-range-hrtimers-for-linus-v2\n\nConflicts:\n\n\tkernel/time/tick-sched.c\n\nSigned-off-by: Thomas Gleixner \u003ctglx@linutronix.de\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "99ebcf8285df28f32fd2d1c19a7166e70f00309c",
      "tree": "caf45f39a77026b2fae2413c145067a1e5164701",
      "parents": [
        "72558dde738b06cc01e16b3247a9659ca739e22d",
        "c465a76af658b443075d6efee1c3131257643020"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Mon Oct 20 13:19:56 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Mon Oct 20 13:19:56 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027v28-timers-for-linus\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip\n\n* \u0027v28-timers-for-linus\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (36 commits)\n  fix documentation of sysrq-q really\n  Fix documentation of sysrq-q\n  timer_list: add base address to clock base\n  timer_list: print cpu number of clockevents device\n  timer_list: print real timer address\n  NOHZ: restart tick device from irq_enter()\n  NOHZ: split tick_nohz_restart_sched_tick()\n  NOHZ: unify the nohz function calls in irq_enter()\n  timers: fix itimer/many thread hang, fix\n  timers: fix itimer/many thread hang, v3\n  ntp: improve adjtimex frequency rounding\n  timekeeping: fix rounding problem during clock update\n  ntp: let update_persistent_clock() sleep\n  hrtimer: reorder struct hrtimer to save 8 bytes on 64bit builds\n  posix-timers: lock_timer: make it readable\n  posix-timers: lock_timer: kill the bogus -\u003eit_id check\n  posix-timers: kill -\u003eit_sigev_signo and -\u003eit_sigev_value\n  posix-timers: sys_timer_create: cleanup the error handling\n  posix-timers: move the initialization of timer-\u003esigq from send to create path\n  posix-timers: sys_timer_create: simplify and s/tasklist/rcu/\n  ...\n\nFix trivial conflicts due to sysrq-q description clahes in\nDocumentation/sysrq.txt and drivers/char/sysrq.c\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "656eb2cd5da153762f2e8419ca117ce12ef522c3",
      "tree": "251246495ba930296590c644bdfbbce996bba69e",
      "parents": [
        "6409324b385f3f63a03645b4422e3be67348d922"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Roland McGrath",
        "email": "roland@redhat.com",
        "time": "Sat Oct 18 20:28:23 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Mon Oct 20 08:52:39 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "add CONFIG_CORE_DUMP_DEFAULT_ELF_HEADERS\n\nThis adds a kconfig option to change the /proc/PID/coredump_filter default.\nFedora has been carrying a trivial patch to change the hard-wired value for\nthis default, since Fedora 8.  The default default can\u0027t change safely\nbecause there are old GDB versions out there (all before 6.7) that are\nconfused by the core dump files created by the MMF_DUMP_ELF_HEADERS setting.\n\nSigned-off-by: Roland McGrath \u003croland@redhat.com\u003e\nCc: Michael Kerrisk \u003cmtk.manpages@googlemail.com\u003e\nCc: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@tv-sign.ru\u003e\nCc: Alan Cox \u003calan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk\u003e\nCc: Andi Kleen \u003candi@firstfloor.org\u003e\nCc: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nCc: Kawai Hidehiro \u003chidehiro.kawai.ez@hitachi.com\u003e\nCc: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\nCc: David Jones \u003cdavej@redhat.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "e575f111dc0f27044e170580e7de50985ab3e011",
      "tree": "96021950c36cd6c537a8fc00811f4846767813b8",
      "parents": [
        "d903ef9f38813e7eb268744a7e579e92f411c83a"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "KOSAKI Motohiro",
        "email": "kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com",
        "time": "Sat Oct 18 20:27:08 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Mon Oct 20 08:52:32 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "coredump_filter: add hugepage dumping\n\nPresently hugepage\u0027s vma has a VM_RESERVED flag in order not to be\nswapped.  But a VM_RESERVED vma isn\u0027t core dumped because this flag is\noften used for some kernel vmas (e.g.  vmalloc, sound related).\n\nThus hugepages are never dumped and it can\u0027t be debugged easily.  Many\ndevelopers want hugepages to be included into core-dump.\n\nHowever, We can\u0027t read generic VM_RESERVED area because this area is often\nIO mapping area.  then these area reading may change device state.  it is\ndefinitly undesiable side-effect.\n\nSo adding a hugepage specific bit to the coredump filter is better.  It\nwill be able to hugepage core dumping and doesn\u0027t cause any side-effect to\nany i/o devices.\n\nIn additional, libhugetlb use hugetlb private mapping pages as anonymous\npage.  Then, hugepage private mapping pages should be core dumped by\ndefault.\n\nThen, /proc/[pid]/core_dump_filter has two new bits.\n\n - bit 5 mean hugetlb private mapping pages are dumped or not. (default: yes)\n - bit 6 mean hugetlb shared mapping pages are dumped or not.  (default: no)\n\nI tested by following method.\n\n% ulimit -c unlimited\n% ./crash_hugepage  50\n% ./crash_hugepage  50  -p\n% ls -lh\n% gdb ./crash_hugepage core\n%\n% echo 0x43 \u003e /proc/self/coredump_filter\n% ./crash_hugepage  50\n% ./crash_hugepage  50  -p\n% ls -lh\n% gdb ./crash_hugepage core\n\n#include \u003cstdlib.h\u003e\n#include \u003cstdio.h\u003e\n#include \u003cunistd.h\u003e\n#include \u003csys/mman.h\u003e\n#include \u003cstring.h\u003e\n\n#include \"hugetlbfs.h\"\n\nint main(int argc, char** argv){\n\tchar* p;\n\tint ch;\n\tint mmap_flags \u003d MAP_SHARED;\n\tint fd;\n\tint nr_pages;\n\n\twhile((ch \u003d getopt(argc, argv, \"p\")) !\u003d -1) {\n\t\tswitch (ch) {\n\t\tcase \u0027p\u0027:\n\t\t\tmmap_flags \u0026\u003d ~MAP_SHARED;\n\t\t\tmmap_flags |\u003d MAP_PRIVATE;\n\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\tdefault:\n\t\t\t/* nothing*/\n\t\t\tbreak;\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\targc -\u003d optind;\n\targv +\u003d optind;\n\n\tif (argc \u003d\u003d 0){\n\t\tprintf(\"need # of pages\\n\");\n\t\texit(1);\n\t}\n\n\tnr_pages \u003d atoi(argv[0]);\n\tif (nr_pages \u003c 2) {\n\t\tprintf(\"nr_pages must \u003e2\\n\");\n\t\texit(1);\n\t}\n\n\tfd \u003d hugetlbfs_unlinked_fd();\n\tp \u003d mmap(NULL, nr_pages * gethugepagesize(),\n\t\t PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, mmap_flags, fd, 0);\n\n\tsleep(2);\n\n\t*(p + gethugepagesize()) \u003d 1; /* COW */\n\tsleep(2);\n\n\t/* crash! */\n\t*(int*)0 \u003d 1;\n\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\nSigned-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nReviewed-by: Kawai Hidehiro \u003chidehiro.kawai.ez@hitachi.com\u003e\nCc: Hugh Dickins \u003chugh@veritas.com\u003e\nCc: William Irwin \u003cwli@holomorphy.com\u003e\nCc: Adam Litke \u003cagl@us.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "ffda12a17a324103e9900fa1035309811eecbfe5",
      "tree": "79fe8aae79a41b467f2cdd055036b3017642a9f6",
      "parents": [
        "b0aa51b999c449e5e3f9faa1ee406e052d407fe7"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Peter Zijlstra",
        "email": "a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl",
        "time": "Fri Oct 17 19:27:02 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Oct 20 14:05:02 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "sched: optimize group load balancer\n\nI noticed that tg_shares_up() unconditionally takes rq-locks for all cpus\nin the sched_domain. This hurts.\n\nWe need the rq-locks whenever we change the weight of the per-cpu group sched\nentities. To allevate this a little, only change the weight when the new\nweight is at least shares_thresh away from the old value.\n\nThis avoids the rq-lock for the top level entries, since those will never\nbe re-weighted, and fuzzes the lower level entries a little to gain performance\nin semi-stable situations.\n\nSigned-off-by: Peter Zijlstra \u003ca.p.zijlstra@chello.nl\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "c465a76af658b443075d6efee1c3131257643020",
      "tree": "63c28c9fab02dedec7f03cee4a3ef7fe4dc1c072",
      "parents": [
        "2d42244ae71d6c7b0884b5664cf2eda30fb2ae68",
        "1b02469088ac7a13d7e622b618b7410d0f1ce5ec",
        "fb02fbc14d17837b4b7b02dbb36142c16a7bf208",
        "d40e944c25fb4642adb2a4c580a48218a9f3f824",
        "1508487e7f16d992ad23cabd3712563ff912f413",
        "322acf6585f3c4e82ee32a246b0483ca0f6ad3f4"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Thomas Gleixner",
        "email": "tglx@linutronix.de",
        "time": "Mon Oct 20 13:14:06 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Thomas Gleixner",
        "email": "tglx@linutronix.de",
        "time": "Mon Oct 20 13:14:06 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "Merge branches \u0027timers/clocksource\u0027, \u0027timers/hrtimers\u0027, \u0027timers/nohz\u0027, \u0027timers/ntp\u0027, \u0027timers/posixtimers\u0027 and \u0027timers/debug\u0027 into v28-timers-for-linus\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "651dab4264e4ba0e563f5ff56f748127246e9065",
      "tree": "016630974bdcb00fe529b673f96d389e0fd6dc94",
      "parents": [
        "40b8606253552109815786e5d4b0de98782d31f5",
        "2e532d68a2b3e2aa6b19731501222069735c741c"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Arjan van de Ven",
        "email": "arjan@linux.intel.com",
        "time": "Fri Oct 17 09:20:26 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Arjan van de Ven",
        "email": "arjan@linux.intel.com",
        "time": "Fri Oct 17 09:20:26 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Merge commit \u0027linus/master\u0027 into merge-linus\n\nConflicts:\n\n\tarch/x86/kvm/i8254.c\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "e62b4853983d032dcb3cde9fb20407dc556f47bc",
      "tree": "fa1c851498d24f1c6caac2ffe5557eee321dcbb2",
      "parents": [
        "c851c8676bd7ae456e9b3af8e6bb2c434eddcc75"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "David Miller",
        "email": "davem@davemloft.net",
        "time": "Thu Oct 16 21:14:11 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Oct 17 13:02:24 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "sched: kill unused scheduler decl.\n\nI noticed this while making investigations into the tbench\nregressions.  Please apply.\n\nsched: Remove hrtick_resched() extern decl.\n\nThis function was removed by 31656519e132f6612584815f128c83976a9aaaef\n(\"sched, x86: clean up hrtick implementation\").\n\nSigned-off-by: David S. Miller \u003cdavem@davemloft.net\u003e\nAcked-by: Peter Zijlstra \u003ca.p.zijlstra@chello.nl\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "365d46dc9be9b3c833990a06f3994b1987eda578",
      "tree": "9397d1304144a288411f2118707f44ff5e862fa6",
      "parents": [
        "5dc64a3442b98eaa0e3730c35fcf00cf962a93e7",
        "fd048088306656824958e7783ffcee27e241b361"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Sun Oct 12 12:35:23 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Sun Oct 12 12:37:32 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027linus\u0027 into x86/xen\n\nConflicts:\n\tarch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c\n\tarch/x86/kernel/process_64.c\n\tarch/x86/xen/enlighten.c\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "a5d8c3483a6e19aca95ef6a2c5890e33bfa5b293",
      "tree": "7ace24573f220d799815fe7ad344ca11c262a8ba",
      "parents": [
        "2fb7635c4cea310992a39580133099dd99ad151c"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Thu Oct 09 11:35:51 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Thu Oct 09 17:13:06 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "sched debug: add name to sched_domain sysctl entries\n\nadd /proc/sys/kernel/sched_domain/cpu0/domain0/name, to make\nit easier to see which specific scheduler domain remained at\nthat entry.\n\nSince we process the scheduler domain tree and\nsimplify it, it\u0027s not always immediately clear during debugging\nwhich domain came from where.\n\ndepends on CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG\u003dy.\n\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "7086efe1c1536f6bc160e7d60a9bfd645b91f279",
      "tree": "a5facb5a01052452547ab9a9a47a0260537127fb",
      "parents": [
        "31d9284569e38fb97117497af3e8047a6a3c86f0"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Frank Mayhar",
        "email": "fmayhar@google.com",
        "time": "Fri Sep 12 09:54:39 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Sat Sep 27 20:04:45 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "timers: fix itimer/many thread hang, v3\n\n- fix UP lockup\n- another set of UP/SMP cleanups and simplifications\n\nSigned-off-by: Frank Mayhar \u003cfmayhar@google.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "bb34d92f643086d546b49cef680f6f305ed84414",
      "tree": "275887040c96971e133fa20d99517c1fcea76415",
      "parents": [
        "5ce73a4a5a4893a1aa4cdeed1b1a5a6de42c43b6"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Frank Mayhar",
        "email": "fmayhar@google.com",
        "time": "Fri Sep 12 09:54:39 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Tue Sep 23 13:38:44 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "timers: fix itimer/many thread hang, v2\n\nThis is the second resubmission of the posix timer rework patch, posted\na few days ago.\n\nThis includes the changes from the previous resubmittion, which addressed\nOleg Nesterov\u0027s comments, removing the RCU stuff from the patch and\nun-inlining the thread_group_cputime() function for SMP.\n\nIn addition, per Ingo Molnar it simplifies the UP code, consolidating much\nof it with the SMP version and depending on lower-level SMP/UP handling to\ntake care of the differences.\n\nIt also cleans up some UP compile errors, moves the scheduler stats-related\nmacros into kernel/sched_stats.h, cleans up a merge error in\nkernel/fork.c and has a few other minor fixes and cleanups as suggested\nby Oleg and Ingo. Thanks for the review, guys.\n\nSigned-off-by: Frank Mayhar \u003cfmayhar@google.com\u003e\nCc: Roland McGrath \u003croland@redhat.com\u003e\nCc: Alexey Dobriyan \u003cadobriyan@gmail.com\u003e\nCc: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "15afe09bf496ae10c989e1a375a6b5da7bd3e16e",
      "tree": "4565659d1084e357eea42e6321a4d304ac950faa",
      "parents": [
        "09b22a2f678ae733801b888c44756d0abd686b8a"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Peter Zijlstra",
        "email": "a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl",
        "time": "Sat Sep 20 23:38:02 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Sep 22 16:28:32 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "sched: wakeup preempt when small overlap\n\nLin Ming reported a 10% OLTP regression against 2.6.27-rc4.\n\nThe difference seems to come from different preemption agressiveness,\nwhich affects the cache footprint of the workload and its effective\ncache trashing.\n\nAggresively preempt a task if its avg overlap is very small, this should\navoid the task going to sleep and find it still running when we schedule\nback to it - saving a wakeup.\n\nReported-by: Lin Ming \u003cming.m.lin@intel.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Peter Zijlstra \u003ca.p.zijlstra@chello.nl\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "5ce73a4a5a4893a1aa4cdeed1b1a5a6de42c43b6",
      "tree": "7d5207fa5c11d05b515321ffd53082440c312d16",
      "parents": [
        "0a8eaa4f9b58759595a1bfe13a1295fdc25ba026"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Sun Sep 14 17:11:46 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Sun Sep 14 17:11:46 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "timers: fix itimer/many thread hang, cleanups\n\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "0a8eaa4f9b58759595a1bfe13a1295fdc25ba026",
      "tree": "d8dcf96934df5855853ac37b55dcd553ce6e9edb",
      "parents": [
        "430b5294bd72c085c730e1e4b86580f164d976bf"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Sun Sep 14 17:03:52 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Sun Sep 14 17:02:43 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "timers: fix itimer/many thread hang, fix #2\n\nfix the UP build:\n\nIn file included from arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_32.c:9,\n                 from arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.c:3:\ninclude/linux/sched.h: In function ‘thread_group_cputime_clone_thread’:\ninclude/linux/sched.h:2272: warning: no return statement in function returning non-void\ninclude/linux/sched.h: In function ‘thread_group_cputime_account_user’:\ninclude/linux/sched.h:2284: error: invalid type argument of ‘-\u003e’ (have ‘struct task_cputime’)\ninclude/linux/sched.h:2284: error: invalid type argument of ‘-\u003e’ (have ‘struct task_cputime’)\ninclude/linux/sched.h: In function ‘thread_group_cputime_account_system’:\ninclude/linux/sched.h:2291: error: invalid type argument of ‘-\u003e’ (have ‘struct task_cputime’)\ninclude/linux/sched.h:2291: error: invalid type argument of ‘-\u003e’ (have ‘struct task_cputime’)\ninclude/linux/sched.h: In function ‘thread_group_cputime_account_exec_runtime’:\ninclude/linux/sched.h:2298: error: invalid type argument of ‘-\u003e’ (have ‘struct task_cputime’)\ndistcc[14501] ERROR: compile arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.c on a/30 failed\nmake[1]: *** [arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets.s] Error 1\n\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "f06febc96ba8e0af80bcc3eaec0a109e88275fac",
      "tree": "46dba9432ef25d2eae9434ff2df638c7a268c0f1",
      "parents": [
        "6bfb09a1005193be5c81ebac9f3ef85210142650"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Frank Mayhar",
        "email": "fmayhar@google.com",
        "time": "Fri Sep 12 09:54:39 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Sun Sep 14 16:25:35 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "timers: fix itimer/many thread hang\n\nOverview\n\nThis patch reworks the handling of POSIX CPU timers, including the\nITIMER_PROF, ITIMER_VIRT timers and rlimit handling.  It was put together\nwith the help of Roland McGrath, the owner and original writer of this code.\n\nThe problem we ran into, and the reason for this rework, has to do with using\na profiling timer in a process with a large number of threads.  It appears\nthat the performance of the old implementation of run_posix_cpu_timers() was\nat least O(n*3) (where \"n\" is the number of threads in a process) or worse.\nEverything is fine with an increasing number of threads until the time taken\nfor that routine to run becomes the same as or greater than the tick time, at\nwhich point things degrade rather quickly.\n\nThis patch fixes bug 9906, \"Weird hang with NPTL and SIGPROF.\"\n\nCode Changes\n\nThis rework corrects the implementation of run_posix_cpu_timers() to make it\nrun in constant time for a particular machine.  (Performance may vary between\none machine and another depending upon whether the kernel is built as single-\nor multiprocessor and, in the latter case, depending upon the number of\nrunning processors.)  To do this, at each tick we now update fields in\nsignal_struct as well as task_struct.  The run_posix_cpu_timers() function\nuses those fields to make its decisions.\n\nWe define a new structure, \"task_cputime,\" to contain user, system and\nscheduler times and use these in appropriate places:\n\nstruct task_cputime {\n\tcputime_t utime;\n\tcputime_t stime;\n\tunsigned long long sum_exec_runtime;\n};\n\nThis is included in the structure \"thread_group_cputime,\" which is a new\nsubstructure of signal_struct and which varies for uniprocessor versus\nmultiprocessor kernels.  For uniprocessor kernels, it uses \"task_cputime\" as\na simple substructure, while for multiprocessor kernels it is a pointer:\n\nstruct thread_group_cputime {\n\tstruct task_cputime totals;\n};\n\nstruct thread_group_cputime {\n\tstruct task_cputime *totals;\n};\n\nWe also add a new task_cputime substructure directly to signal_struct, to\ncache the earliest expiration of process-wide timers, and task_cputime also\nreplaces the it_*_expires fields of task_struct (used for earliest expiration\nof thread timers).  The \"thread_group_cputime\" structure contains process-wide\ntimers that are updated via account_user_time() and friends.  In the non-SMP\ncase the structure is a simple aggregator; unfortunately in the SMP case that\nsimplicity was not achievable due to cache-line contention between CPUs (in\none measured case performance was actually _worse_ on a 16-cpu system than\nthe same test on a 4-cpu system, due to this contention).  For SMP, the\nthread_group_cputime counters are maintained as a per-cpu structure allocated\nusing alloc_percpu().  The timer functions update only the timer field in\nthe structure corresponding to the running CPU, obtained using per_cpu_ptr().\n\nWe define a set of inline functions in sched.h that we use to maintain the\nthread_group_cputime structure and hide the differences between UP and SMP\nimplementations from the rest of the kernel.  The thread_group_cputime_init()\nfunction initializes the thread_group_cputime structure for the given task.\nThe thread_group_cputime_alloc() is a no-op for UP; for SMP it calls the\nout-of-line function thread_group_cputime_alloc_smp() to allocate and fill\nin the per-cpu structures and fields.  The thread_group_cputime_free()\nfunction, also a no-op for UP, in SMP frees the per-cpu structures.  The\nthread_group_cputime_clone_thread() function (also a UP no-op) for SMP calls\nthread_group_cputime_alloc() if the per-cpu structures haven\u0027t yet been\nallocated.  The thread_group_cputime() function fills the task_cputime\nstructure it is passed with the contents of the thread_group_cputime fields;\nin UP it\u0027s that simple but in SMP it must also safely check that tsk-\u003esignal\nis non-NULL (if it is it just uses the appropriate fields of task_struct) and,\nif so, sums the per-cpu values for each online CPU.  Finally, the three\nfunctions account_group_user_time(), account_group_system_time() and\naccount_group_exec_runtime() are used by timer functions to update the\nrespective fields of the thread_group_cputime structure.\n\nNon-SMP operation is trivial and will not be mentioned further.\n\nThe per-cpu structure is always allocated when a task creates its first new\nthread, via a call to thread_group_cputime_clone_thread() from copy_signal().\nIt is freed at process exit via a call to thread_group_cputime_free() from\ncleanup_signal().\n\nAll functions that formerly summed utime/stime/sum_sched_runtime values from\nfrom all threads in the thread group now use thread_group_cputime() to\nsnapshot the values in the thread_group_cputime structure or the values in\nthe task structure itself if the per-cpu structure hasn\u0027t been allocated.\n\nFinally, the code in kernel/posix-cpu-timers.c has changed quite a bit.\nThe run_posix_cpu_timers() function has been split into a fast path and a\nslow path; the former safely checks whether there are any expired thread\ntimers and, if not, just returns, while the slow path does the heavy lifting.\nWith the dedicated thread group fields, timers are no longer \"rebalanced\" and\nthe process_timer_rebalance() function and related code has gone away.  All\nsumming loops are gone and all code that used them now uses the\nthread_group_cputime() inline.  When process-wide timers are set, the new\ntask_cputime structure in signal_struct is used to cache the earliest\nexpiration; this is checked in the fast path.\n\nPerformance\n\nThe fix appears not to add significant overhead to existing operations.  It\ngenerally performs the same as the current code except in two cases, one in\nwhich it performs slightly worse (Case 5 below) and one in which it performs\nvery significantly better (Case 2 below).  Overall it\u0027s a wash except in those\ntwo cases.\n\nI\u0027ve since done somewhat more involved testing on a dual-core Opteron system.\n\nCase 1: With no itimer running, for a test with 100,000 threads, the fixed\n\tkernel took 1428.5 seconds, 513 seconds more than the unfixed system,\n\tall of which was spent in the system.  There were twice as many\n\tvoluntary context switches with the fix as without it.\n\nCase 2: With an itimer running at .01 second ticks and 4000 threads (the most\n\tan unmodified kernel can handle), the fixed kernel ran the test in\n\teight percent of the time (5.8 seconds as opposed to 70 seconds) and\n\thad better tick accuracy (.012 seconds per tick as opposed to .023\n\tseconds per tick).\n\nCase 3: A 4000-thread test with an initial timer tick of .01 second and an\n\tinterval of 10,000 seconds (i.e. a timer that ticks only once) had\n\tvery nearly the same performance in both cases:  6.3 seconds elapsed\n\tfor the fixed kernel versus 5.5 seconds for the unfixed kernel.\n\nWith fewer threads (eight in these tests), the Case 1 test ran in essentially\nthe same time on both the modified and unmodified kernels (5.2 seconds versus\n5.8 seconds).  The Case 2 test ran in about the same time as well, 5.9 seconds\nversus 5.4 seconds but again with much better tick accuracy, .013 seconds per\ntick versus .025 seconds per tick for the unmodified kernel.\n\nSince the fix affected the rlimit code, I also tested soft and hard CPU limits.\n\nCase 4: With a hard CPU limit of 20 seconds and eight threads (and an itimer\n\trunning), the modified kernel was very slightly favored in that while\n\tit killed the process in 19.997 seconds of CPU time (5.002 seconds of\n\twall time), only .003 seconds of that was system time, the rest was\n\tuser time.  The unmodified kernel killed the process in 20.001 seconds\n\tof CPU (5.014 seconds of wall time) of which .016 seconds was system\n\ttime.  Really, though, the results were too close to call.  The results\n\twere essentially the same with no itimer running.\n\nCase 5: With a soft limit of 20 seconds and a hard limit of 2000 seconds\n\t(where the hard limit would never be reached) and an itimer running,\n\tthe modified kernel exhibited worse tick accuracy than the unmodified\n\tkernel: .050 seconds/tick versus .028 seconds/tick.  Otherwise,\n\tperformance was almost indistinguishable.  With no itimer running this\n\ttest exhibited virtually identical behavior and times in both cases.\n\nIn times past I did some limited performance testing.  those results are below.\n\nOn a four-cpu Opteron system without this fix, a sixteen-thread test executed\nin 3569.991 seconds, of which user was 3568.435s and system was 1.556s.  On\nthe same system with the fix, user and elapsed time were about the same, but\nsystem time dropped to 0.007 seconds.  Performance with eight, four and one\nthread were comparable.  Interestingly, the timer ticks with the fix seemed\nmore accurate:  The sixteen-thread test with the fix received 149543 ticks\nfor 0.024 seconds per tick, while the same test without the fix received 58720\nfor 0.061 seconds per tick.  Both cases were configured for an interval of\n0.01 seconds.  Again, the other tests were comparable.  Each thread in this\ntest computed the primes up to 25,000,000.\n\nI also did a test with a large number of threads, 100,000 threads, which is\nimpossible without the fix.  In this case each thread computed the primes only\nup to 10,000 (to make the runtime manageable).  System time dominated, at\n1546.968 seconds out of a total 2176.906 seconds (giving a user time of\n629.938s).  It received 147651 ticks for 0.015 seconds per tick, still quite\naccurate.  There is obviously no comparable test without the fix.\n\nSigned-off-by: Frank Mayhar \u003cfmayhar@google.com\u003e\nCc: Roland McGrath \u003croland@redhat.com\u003e\nCc: Alexey Dobriyan \u003cadobriyan@gmail.com\u003e\nCc: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "f7d0b926ac8c8ec0c7a83ee69409bd2e6bb39f81",
      "tree": "c5d6c99368dbe769c5a7ee9a00843d2745191f68",
      "parents": [
        "adee14b2e1557d0a8559f29681732d05a89dfc35"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Jeremy Fitzhardinge",
        "email": "jeremy@goop.org",
        "time": "Tue Sep 09 15:43:22 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Wed Sep 10 14:04:59 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "mm: define USE_SPLIT_PTLOCKS rather than repeating expression\n\nDefine USE_SPLIT_PTLOCKS as a constant expression rather than repeating\n\"NR_CPUS \u003e\u003d CONFIG_SPLIT_PTLOCK_CPUS\" all over the place.\n\nSigned-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge \u003cjeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Hugh Dickins \u003chugh@veritas.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "7f79d852ed30a06eebf7497afe9334a726db3d40",
      "tree": "0057281f17501b635d3d88cda9a14203706f5dcc",
      "parents": [
        "aef745fca016aea45adae5c98e8698904dd8ad51",
        "70bb08962ea9bd50797ae9f16b2493f5f7c65053"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Sat Sep 06 16:51:57 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Sat Sep 06 16:51:57 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027linus\u0027 into sched/devel\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "6976675d94042fbd446231d1bd8b7de71a980ada",
      "tree": "2d2acebb8078dd373115ecbdac5423f7d4fa7d72",
      "parents": [
        "654c8e0b1c623b156c5b92f28d914ab38c9c2c90"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Arjan van de Ven",
        "email": "arjan@linux.intel.com",
        "time": "Mon Sep 01 15:52:40 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Arjan van de Ven",
        "email": "arjan@linux.intel.com",
        "time": "Fri Sep 05 21:35:30 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "hrtimer: create a \"timer_slack\" field in the task struct\n\nWe want to be able to control the default \"rounding\" that is used by\nselect() and poll() and friends. This is a per process property\n(so that we can have a \"nice\" like program to start certain programs with\na looser or stricter rounding) that can be set/get via a prctl().\n\nFor this purpose, a field called \"timer_slack_ns\" is added to the task\nstruct. In addition, a field called \"default_timer_slack\"ns\" is added\nso that tasks easily can temporarily to a more/less accurate slack and then\nback to the default.\n\nThe default value of the slack is set to 50 usec; this is significantly less\nthan 2.6.27\u0027s average select() and poll() timing error but still allows\nthe kernel to group timers somewhat to preserve power behavior. Applications\nand admins can override this via the prctl()\n\nSigned-off-by: Arjan van de Ven \u003carjan@linux.intel.com\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "49048622eae698e5c4ae61f7e71200f265ccc529",
      "tree": "e568595fe5329e1293eafc3a3cc833dfe89ffbf2",
      "parents": [
        "56c7426b3951e4f35a71d695f1c982989399d6fd"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Balbir Singh",
        "email": "balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com",
        "time": "Fri Sep 05 18:12:23 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Sep 05 18:14:35 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "sched: fix process time monotonicity\n\nSpencer reported a problem where utime and stime were going negative despite\nthe fixes in commit b27f03d4bdc145a09fb7b0c0e004b29f1ee555fa. The suspected\nreason for the problem is that signal_struct maintains it\u0027s own utime and\nstime (of exited tasks), these are not updated using the new task_utime()\nroutine, hence sig-\u003eutime can go backwards and cause the same problem\nto occur (sig-\u003eutime, adds tsk-\u003eutime and not task_utime()). This patch\nfixes the problem\n\nTODO: using max(task-\u003eprev_utime, derived utime) works for now, but a more\ngeneric solution is to implement cputime_max() and use the cputime_gt()\nfunction for comparison.\n\nReported-by: spencer@bluehost.com\nSigned-off-by: Balbir Singh \u003cbalbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Peter Zijlstra \u003ca.p.zijlstra@chello.nl\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "bee367ed066e26c14263d808136fba8eec3bd70a",
      "tree": "425640a0eb89b2408e1c014a2d6dc29d8ec17000",
      "parents": [
        "07dd20e0324f4d3e33bde1944d4f7771a09c498c"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Richard Kennedy",
        "email": "richard@rsk.demon.co.uk",
        "time": "Fri Aug 01 13:24:08 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Aug 15 17:15:23 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "sched: reorder struct sched_rt_entity to remove padding on 64 bit builds\n\nremove 8 bytes of padding on 64 bit builds\n(also removes 8 bytes from task_struct)\n\nSigned-off-by: Richard Kennedy \u003crichard@rsk.demon.co.uk\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "07dd20e0324f4d3e33bde1944d4f7771a09c498c",
      "tree": "083d915f65e270e5a3e0da576f963d227e8d7dd5",
      "parents": [
        "b635acec48bcaa9183fcbf4e3955616b0d4119b5"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Richard Kennedy",
        "email": "richard@rsk.demon.co.uk",
        "time": "Fri Aug 01 13:18:04 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Aug 15 17:15:22 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "sched: reorder signal_struct to remove 8 bytes on 64 bit builds\n\nreorder structure to remove 8 bytes of padding on 64 bit builds\n\nSigned-off-by: Richard Kennedy \u003crichard@rsk.demon.co.uk\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "9e2b2dc4133f65272a6d3c5dcb2ce63f8a87cae9",
      "tree": "96a9da2c1e733cce2dced4868aaa68b48ced49e1",
      "parents": [
        "8d0968abd03ec6b407df117adc773562386702fa"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "David Howells",
        "email": "dhowells@redhat.com",
        "time": "Wed Aug 13 16:20:04 2008 +0100"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "James Morris",
        "email": "jmorris@namei.org",
        "time": "Thu Aug 14 09:35:23 2008 +1000"
      },
      "message": "CRED: Introduce credential access wrappers\n\nThe patches that are intended to introduce copy-on-write credentials for 2.6.28\nrequire abstraction of access to some fields of the task structure,\nparticularly for the case of one task accessing another\u0027s credentials where RCU\nwill have to be observed.\n\nIntroduced here are trivial no-op versions of the desired accessors for current\nand other tasks so that other subsystems can start to be converted over more\neasily.\n\nWrappers are introduced into a new header (linux/cred.h) for UID/GID,\nEUID/EGID, SUID/SGID, FSUID/FSGID, cap_effective and current\u0027s subscribed\nuser_struct.  These wrappers are macros because the ordering between header\nfiles mitigates against making them inline functions.\n\nlinux/cred.h is #included from linux/sched.h.\n\nFurther, XFS is modified such that it no longer defines and uses parameterised\nversions of current_fs[ug]id(), thus getting rid of the namespace collision\notherwise incurred.\n\nSigned-off-by: David Howells \u003cdhowells@redhat.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: James Morris \u003cjmorris@namei.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "c1955a3d4762e7a9bf84035eb3c4886a900f0d15",
      "tree": "a00dcd1736c612017df7094a91d8a6435b7a49c9",
      "parents": [
        "4a273f209cc95d148f79b4c96d3d03997b44ffda"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Peter Zijlstra",
        "email": "a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl",
        "time": "Mon Aug 11 08:59:03 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Aug 11 08:59:03 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "sched_clock: delay using sched_clock()\n\nSome arch\u0027s can\u0027t handle sched_clock() being called too early - delay\nthis until sched_clock_init() has been called.\n\nReported-by: Bill Gatliff \u003cbgat@billgatliff.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Peter Zijlstra \u003ca.p.zijlstra@chello.nl\u003e\nTested-by: Nishanth Aravamudan \u003cnacc@us.ibm.com\u003e\nCC: Russell King - ARM Linux \u003clinux@arm.linux.org.uk\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "e4e4e534faa3c2be4e165ce414f44b76ada7208c",
      "tree": "615280ce53bdba4f99c95616d2a1527c3b863c39",
      "parents": [
        "39675e89fb472c1b9c8e740e00acb1df2bbc6be7"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Apr 14 08:50:02 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Thu Jul 31 17:20:29 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "sched clock: revert various sched_clock() changes\n\nFound an interactivity problem on a quad core test-system - simple\nCPU loops would occasionally delay the system un an unacceptable way.\n\nAfter much debugging with Peter Zijlstra it turned out that the problem\nis caused by the string of sched_clock() changes - they caused the CPU\nclock to jump backwards a bit - which confuses the scheduler arithmetics.\n\n(which is unsigned for performance reasons)\n\nSo revert:\n\n # c300ba2: sched_clock: and multiplier for TSC to gtod drift\n # c0c8773: sched_clock: only update deltas with local reads.\n # af52a90: sched_clock: stop maximum check on NO HZ\n # f7cce27: sched_clock: widen the max and min time\n\nThis solves the interactivity problems.\n\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\nAcked-by: Peter Zijlstra \u003ca.p.zijlstra@chello.nl\u003e\nAcked-by: Mike Galbraith \u003cefault@gmx.de\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "940389b8afad6495211614c13eb91ef7001773ec",
      "tree": "92c581cc9dc7a067899a6a28e382e4099dfe8ead",
      "parents": [
        "837b41b5de356aa67abb2cadb5eef3efc7776f91"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Andrea Righi",
        "email": "righi.andrea@gmail.com",
        "time": "Mon Jul 28 00:48:12 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sun Jul 27 16:12:28 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "task IO accounting: move all IO statistics in struct task_io_accounting\n\nSimplify the code of include/linux/task_io_accounting.h.\n\nIt is also more reasonable to have all the task i/o-related statistics in a\nsingle struct (task_io_accounting).\n\nSigned-off-by: Andrea Righi \u003crighi.andrea@gmail.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@tv-sign.ru\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "5995477ab7f3522c497c9c4a1c55373e9d655574",
      "tree": "a147fb61642a7ac5441855964eb97a2ff1e37202",
      "parents": [
        "605ccb73f6a1c891a16268b3a2923208fc637958"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Andrea Righi",
        "email": "righi.andrea@gmail.com",
        "time": "Sun Jul 27 17:29:15 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sun Jul 27 09:58:20 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "task IO accounting: improve code readability\n\nPut all i/o statistics in struct proc_io_accounting and use inline functions to\ninitialize and increment statistics, removing a lot of single variable\nassignments.\n\nThis also reduces the kernel size as following (with CONFIG_TASK_XACCT\u003dy and\nCONFIG_TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING\u003dy).\n\n    text    data     bss     dec     hex filename\n   11651       0       0   11651    2d83 kernel/exit.o.before\n   11619       0       0   11619    2d63 kernel/exit.o.after\n   10886     132     136   11154    2b92 kernel/fork.o.before\n   10758     132     136   11026    2b12 kernel/fork.o.after\n\n 3082029  807968 4818600 8708597  84e1f5 vmlinux.o.before\n 3081869  807968 4818600 8708437  84e155 vmlinux.o.after\n\nSigned-off-by: Andrea Righi \u003crighi.andrea@gmail.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@tv-sign.ru\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "85ba2d862e521375a8ee01526c5c46b1f24bb4af",
      "tree": "f098555cb580b2864f145aa845b574f07d2cf694",
      "parents": [
        "1f5a4ad97a0e7b663d527ecc02aabe203d000d91"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Roland McGrath",
        "email": "roland@redhat.com",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 19:45:58 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sat Jul 26 12:00:09 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "tracehook: wait_task_inactive\n\nThis extends wait_task_inactive() with a new argument so it can be used in\na \"soft\" mode where it will check for the task changing state unexpectedly\nand back off.  There is no change to existing callers.  This lays the\ngroundwork to allow robust, noninvasive tracing that can try to sample a\nblocked thread but back off safely if it wakes up.\n\nSigned-off-by: Roland McGrath \u003croland@redhat.com\u003e\nCc: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@tv-sign.ru\u003e\nReviewed-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "2b2a1ff64afbadac842bbc58c5166962cf4f7664",
      "tree": "660640eb95117ce6f7436331f23f73805abced10",
      "parents": [
        "fa00b80b3c41a845b3d56f866fb40a2e98754c51"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Roland McGrath",
        "email": "roland@redhat.com",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 19:45:54 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sat Jul 26 12:00:09 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "tracehook: death\n\nThis moves the ptrace logic in task death (exit_notify) into tracehook.h\ninlines.  Some code is rearranged slightly to make things nicer.  There is\nno change, only cleanup.\n\nThere is one hook called with the tasklist_lock write-locked, as ptrace\nneeds.  There is also a new hook called after exit_state changes and\nwithout locks.  This is a better place for tracing work to be in the\nfuture, since it doesn\u0027t delay the whole system with locking.\n\nSigned-off-by: Roland McGrath \u003croland@redhat.com\u003e\nCc: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@tv-sign.ru\u003e\nReviewed-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "7babe8db99d305340cf4828ce1f5a1481d5622ef",
      "tree": "fdac7a084646bb6d125ebc62b0b75806e45d1025",
      "parents": [
        "c2147a5092cfe13dbf3210e54e8a622015edeecc"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu",
        "email": "eduard.munteanu@linux360.ro",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 19:45:11 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sat Jul 26 12:00:04 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Full conversion to early_initcall() interface, remove old interface\n\nA previous patch added the early_initcall(), to allow a cleaner hooking of\npre-SMP initcalls.  Now we remove the older interface, converting all\nexisting users to the new one.\n\n[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups]\n[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]\n[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: warning fix]\n[kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: warning fix]\nSigned-off-by: Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu \u003ceduard.munteanu@linux360.ro\u003e\nCc: Tom Zanussi \u003ctzanussi@gmail.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "16d69265b930f7e2fa9eea381715696f780718f4",
      "tree": "5b3bf02f5f4fe21da4e9b5e0f22f6518bd81b609",
      "parents": [
        "0c7ad106e779549792deb307242dece6f3499bb9"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Andrew Morton",
        "email": "akpm@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 19:44:36 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Sat Jul 26 12:00:01 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "uninline arch_pick_mmap_layout()\n\nFix this, on avr32:\n\n  include/linux/utsname.h:35,\n                   from init/main.c:20:\n  include/linux/sched.h: In function \u0027arch_pick_mmap_layout\u0027:\n  include/linux/sched.h:2149: error: implicit declaration of function \u0027PAGE_ALIGN\u0027\n\nReported-by: Adrian Bunk \u003cbunk@kernel.org\u003e\nCc: Haavard Skinnemoen \u003chskinnemoen@atmel.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "873b47717732c2f33a4b14de02571a4295a02f0c",
      "tree": "aaef0fe872dbd4ce5c290f3509e5db69f9a3f04a",
      "parents": [
        "3e85ba034deec351f02cb55ff225bbd616463841"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Keika Kobayashi",
        "email": "kobayashi.kk@ncos.nec.co.jp",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 01:48:52 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 10:53:47 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "per-task-delay-accounting: add memory reclaim delay\n\nSometimes, application responses become bad under heavy memory load.\nApplications take a bit time to reclaim memory.  The statistics, how long\nmemory reclaim takes, will be useful to measure memory usage.\n\nThis patch adds accounting memory reclaim to per-task-delay-accounting for\naccounting the time of do_try_to_free_pages().\n\n\u003ci.e\u003e\n\n- When System is under low memory load,\n  memory reclaim may not occur.\n\n$ free\n             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached\nMem:       8197800    1577300    6620500          0       4808    1516724\n-/+ buffers/cache:      55768    8142032\nSwap:     16386292          0   16386292\n\n$ vmstat 1\nprocs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu----\n r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa\n 0  0      0 5069748  10612 3014060    0    0     0     0    3   26  0  0 100  0\n 0  0      0 5069748  10612 3014060    0    0     0     0    4   22  0  0 100  0\n 0  0      0 5069748  10612 3014060    0    0     0     0    3   18  0  0 100  0\n\nMeasure the time of tar command.\n\n$ ls -s test.dat\n1501472 test.dat\n\n$ time tar cvf test.tar test.dat\nreal    0m13.388s\nuser    0m0.116s\nsys     0m5.304s\n\n$ ./delayget -d -p \u003cpid\u003e\nCPU             count     real total  virtual total    delay total\n                  428     5528345500     5477116080       62749891\nIO              count    delay total\n                  338     8078977189\nSWAP            count    delay total\n                    0              0\nRECLAIM         count    delay total\n                    0              0\n\n- When system is under heavy memory load\n  memory reclaim may occur.\n\n$ vmstat 1\nprocs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu----\n r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa\n 0  0 7159032  49724   1812   3012    0    0     0     0    3   24  0  0 100  0\n 0  0 7159032  49724   1812   3012    0    0     0     0    4   24  0  0 100  0\n 0  0 7159032  49848   1812   3012    0    0     0     0    3   22  0  0 100  0\n\nIn this case, one process uses more 8G memory\nby execution of malloc() and memset().\n\n$ time tar cvf test.tar test.dat\nreal    1m38.563s        \u003c-  increased by 85 sec\nuser    0m0.140s\nsys     0m7.060s\n\n$ ./delayget -d -p \u003cpid\u003e\nCPU             count     real total  virtual total    delay total\n                 9021     7140446250     7315277975      923201824\nIO              count    delay total\n                 8965    90466349669\nSWAP            count    delay total\n                    3       21036367\nRECLAIM         count    delay total\n                  740    61011951153\n\nIn the later case, the value of RECLAIM is increasing.\nSo, taskstats can show how much memory reclaim influences TAT.\n\nSigned-off-by: Keika Kobayashi \u003ckobayashi.kk@ncos.nec.co.jp\u003e\nAcked-by: Balbir Singh \u003cbalbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com\u003e\nAcked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro \u003ckosaki.motohiro@jp.fujistu.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "297c5d92634c809cef23d73e7b2556f2528ff7e2",
      "tree": "d006fa29daa24242c64cff3b66dd75fbb0003b0f",
      "parents": [
        "0c18d7a5df82524e634637c3aec24d4cba096442"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Andrea Righi",
        "email": "righi.andrea@gmail.com",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 01:48:49 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 10:53:47 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "task IO accounting: provide distinct tgid/tid I/O statistics\n\nReport per-thread I/O statistics in /proc/pid/task/tid/io and aggregate\nparent I/O statistics in /proc/pid/io.  This approach follows the same\nmodel used to account per-process and per-thread CPU times.\n\nAs a practial application, this allows for example to quickly find the top\nI/O consumer when a process spawns many child threads that perform the\nactual I/O work, because the aggregated I/O statistics can always be found\nin /proc/pid/io.\n\n[ Oleg Nesterov points out that we should check that the task is still\n  alive before we iterate over the threads, but also says that we can do\n  that fixup on top of this later.  - Linus ]\n\nAcked-by: Balbir Singh \u003cbalbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrea Righi \u003crighi.andrea@gmail.com\u003e\nCc: Matt Heaton \u003cmatt@hostmonster.com\u003e\nCc: Shailabh Nagar \u003cnagar@watson.ibm.com\u003e\nAcked-by-with-comments: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@tv-sign.ru\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "49b5cf34727a6c1be1568ab28e89a2d9a6bf51e0",
      "tree": "29505ad668bfadc67a670ad4ebc5c65823a87413",
      "parents": [
        "7394f0f6c0baab650ea9194cb1be847df646fb57"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Jonathan Lim",
        "email": "jlim@sgi.com",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 01:48:40 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 10:53:46 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "accounting: account for user time when updating memory integrals\n\nAdapt acct_update_integrals() to include user time when calculating the time\ndifference.  The units of acct_rss_mem1 and acct_vm_mem1 are also changed from\npages-jiffies to pages-usecs to avoid calling jiffies_to_usecs() in\nxacct_add_tsk() which might overflow.\n\nSigned-off-by: Jonathan Lim \u003cjlim@sgi.com\u003e\nCc: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "dbda0de52618d13d1b927c7ba7bb839cfddc4e8c",
      "tree": "026bd6c9da6e6e81a21a6e47dcc738bddbb3fe22",
      "parents": [
        "e49859e71e0318b564de1546bdc30fab738f9deb"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Pavel Emelyanov",
        "email": "xemul@openvz.org",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 01:48:37 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 10:53:45 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "pidns: remove find_task_by_pid, unused for a long time\n\nIt seems to me that it was a mistake marking this function as deprecated\nand scheduling it for removal, rather than resolutely removing it after\nthe last caller\u0027s death.\n\nAnyway - better late, then never.\n\nSigned-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov \u003cxemul@openvz.org\u003e\nCc: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@tv-sign.ru\u003e\nCc: \"Eric W. Biederman\" \u003cebiederm@xmission.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "e49859e71e0318b564de1546bdc30fab738f9deb",
      "tree": "74f63bbfad6ca9682404e85c3d69482663273004",
      "parents": [
        "19b0cfcca41dd772065671ad0584e1cea0f3fd13"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Pavel Emelyanov",
        "email": "xemul@openvz.org",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 01:48:36 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 10:53:45 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "pidns: remove now unused find_pid function.\n\nThis one had the only users so far - the kill_proc, which is removed, so\ndrop this (invalid in namespaced world) call too.\n\nAnd of course - erase all references on it from comments.\n\nSigned-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov \u003cxemul@openvz.org\u003e\nCc: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@tv-sign.ru\u003e\nCc: \"Eric W. Biederman\" \u003cebiederm@xmission.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "19b0cfcca41dd772065671ad0584e1cea0f3fd13",
      "tree": "6a8a627e2e2f3f26b02fc4228517c421e66a8043",
      "parents": [
        "33166b1ffca5e1945246bcaa77d72a22b0d3e531"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Pavel Emelyanov",
        "email": "xemul@openvz.org",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 01:48:35 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 10:53:45 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "pidns: remove now unused kill_proc function\n\nThis function operated on a pid_t to kill a task, which is no longer valid\nin a containerized system.\n\nIt has finally lost all its users and we can safely remove it from the\ntree.\n\nSigned-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov \u003cxemul@openvz.org\u003e\nCc: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@tv-sign.ru\u003e\nCc: \"Eric W. Biederman\" \u003cebiederm@xmission.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "246bb0b1deb29726990620d8b5e55ca29f331362",
      "tree": "5173b9e0c1d18934a8b2693c690a7162acb1bca8",
      "parents": [
        "7b34e4283c685f5cc6ba6d30e939906eee0d4bcf"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Oleg Nesterov",
        "email": "oleg@tv-sign.ru",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 01:47:38 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 10:53:39 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "kill PF_BORROWED_MM in favour of PF_KTHREAD\n\nKill PF_BORROWED_MM.  Change use_mm/unuse_mm to not play with -\u003eflags, and\ndo s/PF_BORROWED_MM/PF_KTHREAD/ for a couple of other users.\n\nNo functional changes yet.  But this allows us to do further\nfixes/cleanups.\n\noom_kill/ptrace/etc often check \"p-\u003emm !\u003d NULL\" to filter out the\nkthreads, this is wrong because of use_mm().  The problem with\nPF_BORROWED_MM is that we need task_lock() to avoid races.  With this\npatch we can check PF_KTHREAD directly, or use a simple lockless helper:\n\n\t/* The result must not be dereferenced !!! */\n\tstruct mm_struct *__get_task_mm(struct task_struct *tsk)\n\t{\n\t\tif (tsk-\u003eflags \u0026 PF_KTHREAD)\n\t\t\treturn NULL;\n\t\treturn tsk-\u003emm;\n\t}\n\nNote also ecard_task().  It runs with -\u003emm !\u003d NULL, but it\u0027s the kernel\nthread without PF_BORROWED_MM.\n\nSigned-off-by: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@tv-sign.ru\u003e\nCc: Roland McGrath \u003croland@redhat.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "7b34e4283c685f5cc6ba6d30e939906eee0d4bcf",
      "tree": "6822edd5c63db79e97b8c5379a18a058bc5405ff",
      "parents": [
        "3d749b9e676b26584a47e75c235aa6f69d0697ae"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Oleg Nesterov",
        "email": "oleg@tv-sign.ru",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 01:47:37 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 10:53:39 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "introduce PF_KTHREAD flag\n\nIntroduce the new PF_KTHREAD flag to mark the kernel threads.  It is set\nby INIT_TASK() and copied to the forked childs (we could set it in\nkthreadd() along with PF_NOFREEZE instead).\n\ndaemonize() was changed as well.  In that case testing of PF_KTHREAD is\nracy, but daemonize() is hopeless anyway.\n\nThis flag is cleared in do_execve(), before search_binary_handler().\nProbably not the best place, we can do this in exec_mmap() or in\nstart_thread(), or clear it along with PF_FORKNOEXEC.  But I think this\ndoesn\u0027t matter in practice, and if do_execve() fails kthread should die\nsoon.\n\nSigned-off-by: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@tv-sign.ru\u003e\nCc: Roland McGrath \u003croland@redhat.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "364d3c13c17f45da6d638011078d4c4d3070d719",
      "tree": "2e6215dd458010cd92786ac7d67053c5d5171c74",
      "parents": [
        "f22ab814a24e654b1de24db0c5f8b57b5ab2026a"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Oleg Nesterov",
        "email": "oleg@tv-sign.ru",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 01:47:36 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Fri Jul 25 10:53:39 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "ptrace: give more respect to SIGKILL\n\nptrace_stop() has some complicated checks to prevent the scheduling in the\nTASK_TRACED state with the pending SIGKILL, but these checks are racy, and\nthey depend on arch_ptrace_stop_needed().\n\nThis patch assumes that the traced task should die asap if it was killed by\nSIGKILL, in that case schedule()-\u003esignal_pending_state() has no reason to\nignore the TASK_WAKEKILL part of TASK_TRACED, and we can kill this nasty\nspecial case.\n\nNote: do_exit()-\u003eptrace_notify() is special, the killed task can already\ndequeue SIGKILL at this point. Another indication that fatal_signal_pending()\nis not exactly right.\n\nSigned-off-by: Oleg Nesterov \u003coleg@tv-sign.ru\u003e\nCc: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\nCc: Matthew Wilcox \u003cmatthew@wil.cx\u003e\nCc: Roland McGrath \u003croland@redhat.com\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "8b05c7e6e159d2f33c9275281b8b909a89eb7c5d",
      "tree": "646edb14c42d6404e36f1602d47c639c72a8300a",
      "parents": [
        "68ad8df42e12037c3894c9706ab428bf5cd6426b"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "FUJITA Tomonori",
        "email": "fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp",
        "time": "Wed Jul 23 21:26:53 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Thu Jul 24 10:47:14 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "add a helper function to test if an object is on the stack\n\nlib/debugobjects.c has a function to test if an object is on the stack.\nThe block layer and ide needs it (they need to avoid DMA from/to stack\nbuffers).  This patch moves the function to include/linux/sched.h so that\neveryone can use it.\n\nlib/debugobjects.c uses current-\u003estack but this patch uses a\ntask_stack_page() accessor, which is a preferable way to access the stack.\n\nSigned-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori \u003cfujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp\u003e\nCc: Christoph Lameter \u003ccl@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nCc: Andy Whitcroft \u003capw@shadowen.org\u003e\nCc: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\nCc: Thomas Gleixner \u003ctglx@linutronix.de\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andrew Morton \u003cakpm@linux-foundation.org\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Linus Torvalds \u003ctorvalds@linux-foundation.org\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "7f9dce38378f0a4a298e885553d6bb7121376376",
      "tree": "5bfd688c9f356f7216bbc3cef3b4c10153de334b",
      "parents": [
        "26dcce0fabbef75ae426461edf21b5030bad60f3",
        "ba42059fbd0aa1ac91b582412b5fedb1258f241f"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Wed Jul 23 19:36:53 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Wed Jul 23 19:36:53 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027sched/for-linus\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip\n\n* \u0027sched/for-linus\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:\n  sched: hrtick_enabled() should use cpu_active()\n  sched, x86: clean up hrtick implementation\n  sched: fix build error, provide partition_sched_domains() unconditionally\n  sched: fix warning in inc_rt_tasks() to not declare variable \u0027rq\u0027 if it\u0027s not needed\n  cpu hotplug: Make cpu_active_map synchronization dependency clear\n  cpu hotplug, sched: Introduce cpu_active_map and redo sched domain managment (take 2)\n  sched: rework of \"prioritize non-migratable tasks over migratable ones\"\n  sched: reduce stack size in isolated_cpu_setup()\n  Revert parts of \"ftrace: do not trace scheduler functions\"\n\nFixed up conflicts in include/asm-x86/thread_info.h (due to the\nTIF_SINGLESTEP unification vs TIF_HRTICK_RESCHED removal) and\nkernel/sched_fair.c (due to cpu_active_map vs for_each_cpu_mask_nr()\nintroduction).\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "d7b6de14a0ef8a376f9d57b867545b47302b7bfb",
      "tree": "46904d68a5a68f22e6c6baf3472edd4c37a39481",
      "parents": [
        "30d38542ec777468bb6a31829076a2dbc5690e35",
        "4dca10a96041f78bed11ce9e4a5cfde813ec4ccb"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Wed Jul 23 18:34:13 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Wed Jul 23 18:34:13 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027core/softlockup-for-linus\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip\n\n* \u0027core/softlockup-for-linus\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:\n  softlockup: fix invalid proc_handler for softlockup_panic\n  softlockup: fix watchdog task wakeup frequency\n  softlockup: fix watchdog task wakeup frequency\n  softlockup: show irqtrace\n  softlockup: print a module list on being stuck\n  softlockup: fix NMI hangs due to lock race - 2.6.26-rc regression\n  softlockup: fix false positives on nohz if CPU is 100% idle for more than 60 seconds\n  softlockup: fix softlockup_thresh fix\n  softlockup: fix softlockup_thresh unaligned access and disable detection at runtime\n  softlockup: allow panic on lockup\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "1b427c153a08fdbc092c2bdbf845b92fda58d857",
      "tree": "b3803cd09abf687021e53676a3948415fc1a96a6",
      "parents": [
        "39b0fad7121eace85770e7a4c6dc35dfd2879768"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Jul 18 14:01:39 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Fri Jul 18 14:02:46 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "sched: fix build error, provide partition_sched_domains() unconditionally\n\nprovide an empty partition_sched_domains() definition for the UP case:\n\n include/linux/cpuset.h: In function ‘rebuild_sched_domains\u0027:\n include/linux/cpuset.h:163: error: implicit declaration of function ‘partition_sched_domains\u0027\n\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "f470021adb9190819c03d6d8c5c860a17480aa6d",
      "tree": "9e5c2808138624e272b562a502cfd035ae59c268",
      "parents": [
        "98abed02007b19bbfd68b6d06a5485afc3eeb01b"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Roland McGrath",
        "email": "roland@redhat.com",
        "time": "Mon Mar 24 18:36:23 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Roland McGrath",
        "email": "roland@redhat.com",
        "time": "Wed Jul 16 18:02:33 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "ptrace children revamp\n\nptrace no longer fiddles with the children/sibling links, and the\nold ptrace_children list is gone.  Now ptrace, whether of one\u0027s own\nchildren or another\u0027s via PTRACE_ATTACH, just uses the new ptraced\nlist instead.\n\nThere should be no user-visible difference that matters.  The only\nchange is the order in which do_wait() sees multiple stopped\nchildren and stopped ptrace attachees.  Since wait_task_stopped()\nwas changed earlier so it no longer reorders the children list, we\nalready know this won\u0027t cause any new problems.\n\nSigned-off-by: Roland McGrath \u003croland@redhat.com\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "ebb12db51f6c13b30752fcf506baad4c617b153c",
      "tree": "55c08b82463ffd5b78a8bc4a4748261b02391593",
      "parents": [
        "d20a4dca47d2cd027ed58a13f91b424affd1f449"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Rafael J. Wysocki",
        "email": "rjw@sisk.pl",
        "time": "Wed Jun 11 22:04:29 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Andi Kleen",
        "email": "andi@basil.nowhere.org",
        "time": "Wed Jul 16 23:27:03 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "Freezer: Introduce PF_FREEZER_NOSIG\n\nThe freezer currently attempts to distinguish kernel threads from\nuser space tasks by checking if their mm pointer is unset and it\ndoes not send fake signals to kernel threads.  However, there are\nkernel threads, mostly related to networking, that behave like\nuser space tasks and may want to be sent a fake signal to be frozen.\n\nIntroduce the new process flag PF_FREEZER_NOSIG that will be set\nby default for all kernel threads and make the freezer only send\nfake signals to the tasks having PF_FREEZER_NOSIG unset.  Provide\nthe set_freezable_with_signal() function to be called by the kernel\nthreads that want to be sent a fake signal for freezing.\n\nThis patch should not change the freezer\u0027s observable behavior.\n\nSigned-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki \u003crjw@sisk.pl\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Andi Kleen \u003cak@linux.intel.com\u003e\nAcked-by: Pavel Machek \u003cpavel@suse.cz\u003e\nSigned-off-by: Len Brown \u003clen.brown@intel.com\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "1e09481365ce248dbb4eb06dad70129bb5807037",
      "tree": "c0cff5bef95c8b5e7486f144718ade9a06c284dc",
      "parents": [
        "3e2f69fdd1b00166e7d589bce56b2d36a9e74374",
        "b9d2252c1e44fa83a4e65fdc9eb93db6297c55af"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Tue Jul 15 23:12:58 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Tue Jul 15 23:12:58 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027linus\u0027 into core/softlockup\n\nConflicts:\n\n\tkernel/softlockup.c\n\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "948769a5ba304ed3329a2f42ee3561f04a0b5692",
      "tree": "7430c5fcae383d90c7c0101364440ac24e5cbc18",
      "parents": [
        "e18425a0abc8eafa8e98ecffac517bb0c0904f4b",
        "773dc8eacaedb2e8c8d0defb5de2c66ea7dc4a08"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Mon Jul 14 14:50:49 2008 -0700"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Linus Torvalds",
        "email": "torvalds@linux-foundation.org",
        "time": "Mon Jul 14 14:50:49 2008 -0700"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027sched/new-API-sched_setscheduler\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip\n\n* \u0027sched/new-API-sched_setscheduler\u0027 of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:\n  sched: add new API sched_setscheduler_nocheck: add a flag to control access checks\n"
    },
    {
      "commit": "5806b81ac1c0c52665b91723fd4146a4f86e386b",
      "tree": "24ea8763bf308ce1407c1de91dc8de4d2655e1c1",
      "parents": [
        "d14c8a680ccfdeb5e7b9be4d61162c2b373bd1e8",
        "6712e299b7dc78aa4971b85e803435ee6d49a9dd"
      ],
      "author": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Jul 14 16:11:52 2008 +0200"
      },
      "committer": {
        "name": "Ingo Molnar",
        "email": "mingo@elte.hu",
        "time": "Mon Jul 14 16:11:52 2008 +0200"
      },
      "message": "Merge branch \u0027auto-ftrace-next\u0027 into tracing/for-linus\n\nConflicts:\n\n\tarch/x86/kernel/entry_32.S\n\tarch/x86/kernel/process_32.c\n\tarch/x86/kernel/process_64.c\n\tarch/x86/lib/Makefile\n\tinclude/asm-x86/irqflags.h\n\tkernel/Makefile\n\tkernel/sched.c\n\nSigned-off-by: Ingo Molnar \u003cmingo@elte.hu\u003e\n"
    }
  ],
  "next": "361833efac4d277d209008e1e0658e597bc1bdef"
}
