diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/Makefile b/sound/drivers/vx/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..269bd85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#
+# Makefile for ALSA
+# Copyright (c) 2001 by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
+#
+
+snd-vx-lib-objs := vx_core.o vx_hwdep.o vx_pcm.o vx_mixer.o vx_cmd.o vx_uer.o
+
+obj-$(CONFIG_SND_VX_LIB) += snd-vx-lib.o
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_cmd.c b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_cmd.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a22134
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_cmd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Driver for Digigram VX soundcards
+ *
+ * DSP commands
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ */
+
+#include <sound/driver.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+#include <sound/vx_core.h>
+#include "vx_cmd.h"
+
+/*
+ * Array of DSP commands
+ */
+static struct vx_cmd_info vx_dsp_cmds[] = {
+[CMD_VERSION] =			{ 0x010000, 2, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 1 },
+[CMD_SUPPORTED] =		{ 0x020000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 2 },
+[CMD_TEST_IT] =			{ 0x040000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 1 },
+[CMD_SEND_IRQA] =		{ 0x070001, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_IBL] =			{ 0x080000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 4 },
+[CMD_ASYNC] =			{ 0x0A0000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_ARG, 0 },
+[CMD_RES_PIPE] =		{ 0x400000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_FREE_PIPE] =		{ 0x410000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_CONF_PIPE] =		{ 0x42A101, 2, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_ABORT_CONF_PIPE] =		{ 0x42A100, 2, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_PARAM_OUTPUT_PIPE] =	{ 0x43A000, 2, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_STOP_PIPE] =		{ 0x470004, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_PIPE_STATE] =		{ 0x480000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 1 },
+[CMD_PIPE_SPL_COUNT] =		{ 0x49A000, 2, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 2 },
+[CMD_CAN_START_PIPE] =		{ 0x4b0000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 1 },
+[CMD_SIZE_HBUFFER] =		{ 0x4C0000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 1 },
+[CMD_START_STREAM] =		{ 0x80A000, 2, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_START_ONE_STREAM] =	{ 0x800000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_PAUSE_STREAM] =		{ 0x81A000, 2, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_PAUSE_ONE_STREAM] =	{ 0x810000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_STREAM_OUT_LEVEL_ADJUST] =	{ 0x828000, 2, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_STOP_STREAM] =		{ 0x830000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_FORMAT_STREAM_OUT] =	{ 0x868000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_FORMAT_STREAM_IN] =	{ 0x878800, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_GET_STREAM_STATE] =	{ 0x890001, 2, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 1 },
+[CMD_DROP_BYTES_AWAY] =		{ 0x8A8000, 2, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_GET_REMAINING_BYTES] =	{ 0x8D0800, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 2 },
+[CMD_CONNECT_AUDIO] =		{ 0xC10000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_AUDIO_LEVEL_ADJUST] =	{ 0xC2A000, 3, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_AUDIO_VU_PIC_METER] =	{ 0xC3A003, 2, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 1 },
+[CMD_GET_AUDIO_LEVELS] =	{ 0xC4A000, 2, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_GET_NOTIFY_EVENT] =	{ 0x4D0000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_ARG, 0 },
+[CMD_INFO_NOTIFIED] =		{ 0x0B0000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 2 },
+[CMD_ACCESS_IO_FCT] =		{ 0x098000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_ARG, 0 },
+[CMD_STATUS_R_BUFFERS] =	{ 0x440000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_ARG, 0 },
+[CMD_UPDATE_R_BUFFERS] =	{ 0x848000, 4, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_LOAD_EFFECT_CONTEXT] =	{ 0x0c8000, 3, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 1 },
+[CMD_EFFECT_ONE_PIPE] =		{ 0x458000, 0, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_MODIFY_CLOCK] =		{ 0x0d0000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_STREAM1_OUT_SET_N_LEVELS] ={ 0x858000, 3, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_PURGE_STREAM_DCMDS] =	{ 0x8b8000, 3, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_NOTIFY_PIPE_TIME] =	{ 0x4e0000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_LOAD_EFFECT_CONTEXT_PACKET] = { 0x0c8000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_RELIC_R_BUFFER] =		{ 0x8e0800, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 1 },
+[CMD_RESYNC_AUDIO_INPUTS] =	{ 0x0e0000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_NOTIFY_STREAM_TIME] =	{ 0x8f0000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_STREAM_SAMPLE_COUNT] =	{ 0x900000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 2 },
+[CMD_CONFIG_TIME_CODE] =	{ 0x050000, 2, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_GET_TIME_CODE] =		{ 0x060000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 5 },
+[CMD_MANAGE_SIGNAL] =		{ 0x0f0000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_PARAMETER_STREAM_OUT] =	{ 0x91A000, 3, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_READ_BOARD_FREQ] =		{ 0x030000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 2 },
+[CMD_GET_STREAM_LEVELS] =	{ 0x8c0000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 3 },
+[CMD_PURGE_PIPE_DCMDS] =	{ 0x4f8000, 3, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+// [CMD_SET_STREAM_OUT_EFFECTS] =	{ 0x888000, 34, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+// [CMD_GET_STREAM_OUT_EFFECTS] =	{ 0x928000, 2, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 32 },
+[CMD_CONNECT_MONITORING] =	{ 0xC00000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_STREAM2_OUT_SET_N_LEVELS] = { 0x938000, 3, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_CANCEL_R_BUFFERS] =	{ 0x948000, 4, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_NOTIFY_END_OF_BUFFER] =	{ 0x950000, 1, RMH_SSIZE_FIXED, 0 },
+[CMD_GET_STREAM_VU_METER] =	{ 0x95A000, 2, RMH_SSIZE_ARG, 0 },
+};
+
+/**
+ * vx_init_rmh - initialize the RMH instance
+ * @rmh: the rmh pointer to be initialized
+ * @cmd: the rmh command to be set
+ */
+void vx_init_rmh(struct vx_rmh *rmh, unsigned int cmd)
+{
+	snd_assert(cmd < CMD_LAST_INDEX, return);
+	rmh->LgCmd = vx_dsp_cmds[cmd].length;
+	rmh->LgStat = vx_dsp_cmds[cmd].st_length;
+	rmh->DspStat = vx_dsp_cmds[cmd].st_type;
+	rmh->Cmd[0] = vx_dsp_cmds[cmd].opcode;
+}
+
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_cmd.h b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_cmd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a85248b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_cmd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+/*
+ * Driver for Digigram VX soundcards
+ *
+ * Definitions of DSP commands
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ */
+
+#ifndef __VX_CMD_H
+#define __VX_CMD_H
+
+enum {
+	CMD_VERSION,
+	CMD_SUPPORTED,
+	CMD_TEST_IT,
+	CMD_SEND_IRQA,
+	CMD_IBL,
+	CMD_ASYNC,
+	CMD_RES_PIPE,
+	CMD_FREE_PIPE,
+	CMD_CONF_PIPE,
+	CMD_ABORT_CONF_PIPE,
+	CMD_PARAM_OUTPUT_PIPE,
+	CMD_STOP_PIPE,
+	CMD_PIPE_STATE,
+	CMD_PIPE_SPL_COUNT,
+	CMD_CAN_START_PIPE,
+	CMD_SIZE_HBUFFER,
+	CMD_START_STREAM,
+	CMD_START_ONE_STREAM,
+	CMD_PAUSE_STREAM,
+	CMD_PAUSE_ONE_STREAM,
+	CMD_STREAM_OUT_LEVEL_ADJUST,
+	CMD_STOP_STREAM,
+	CMD_FORMAT_STREAM_OUT,
+	CMD_FORMAT_STREAM_IN,
+	CMD_GET_STREAM_STATE,
+	CMD_DROP_BYTES_AWAY,
+	CMD_GET_REMAINING_BYTES,
+	CMD_CONNECT_AUDIO,
+	CMD_AUDIO_LEVEL_ADJUST,
+	CMD_AUDIO_VU_PIC_METER,
+	CMD_GET_AUDIO_LEVELS,
+	CMD_GET_NOTIFY_EVENT,
+	CMD_INFO_NOTIFIED,
+	CMD_ACCESS_IO_FCT,
+	CMD_STATUS_R_BUFFERS,
+	CMD_UPDATE_R_BUFFERS,
+	CMD_LOAD_EFFECT_CONTEXT,
+	CMD_EFFECT_ONE_PIPE,
+	CMD_MODIFY_CLOCK,
+	CMD_STREAM1_OUT_SET_N_LEVELS,
+	CMD_PURGE_STREAM_DCMDS,
+	CMD_NOTIFY_PIPE_TIME,
+	CMD_LOAD_EFFECT_CONTEXT_PACKET,
+	CMD_RELIC_R_BUFFER,
+	CMD_RESYNC_AUDIO_INPUTS,
+	CMD_NOTIFY_STREAM_TIME,
+	CMD_STREAM_SAMPLE_COUNT,
+	CMD_CONFIG_TIME_CODE,
+	CMD_GET_TIME_CODE,
+	CMD_MANAGE_SIGNAL,
+	CMD_PARAMETER_STREAM_OUT,
+	CMD_READ_BOARD_FREQ,
+	CMD_GET_STREAM_LEVELS,
+	CMD_PURGE_PIPE_DCMDS,
+	// CMD_SET_STREAM_OUT_EFFECTS,
+	// CMD_GET_STREAM_OUT_EFFECTS,
+	CMD_CONNECT_MONITORING,
+	CMD_STREAM2_OUT_SET_N_LEVELS,
+	CMD_CANCEL_R_BUFFERS,
+	CMD_NOTIFY_END_OF_BUFFER,
+	CMD_GET_STREAM_VU_METER,
+	CMD_LAST_INDEX
+};
+
+struct vx_cmd_info {
+	unsigned int opcode;	/* command word */
+	int length;		/* command length (in words) */
+	int st_type;		/* status type (RMH_SSIZE_XXX) */
+	int st_length;		/* fixed length */
+};
+
+/* Family and code op of some DSP requests. */
+#define CODE_OP_PIPE_TIME                       0x004e0000
+#define CODE_OP_START_STREAM                    0x00800000
+#define CODE_OP_PAUSE_STREAM                    0x00810000
+#define CODE_OP_OUT_STREAM_LEVEL                0x00820000
+#define CODE_OP_UPDATE_R_BUFFERS                0x00840000
+#define CODE_OP_OUT_STREAM1_LEVEL_CURVE         0x00850000
+#define CODE_OP_OUT_STREAM2_LEVEL_CURVE         0x00930000
+#define CODE_OP_OUT_STREAM_FORMAT               0x00860000
+#define CODE_OP_STREAM_TIME                     0x008f0000
+#define CODE_OP_OUT_STREAM_EXTRAPARAMETER       0x00910000
+#define CODE_OP_OUT_AUDIO_LEVEL                 0x00c20000
+
+#define NOTIFY_LAST_COMMAND     0x00400000
+
+/* Values for a user delay */
+#define DC_DIFFERED_DELAY       (1<<BIT_DIFFERED_COMMAND)
+#define DC_NOTIFY_DELAY         (1<<BIT_NOTIFIED_COMMAND)
+#define DC_HBUFFER_DELAY        (1<<BIT_TIME_RELATIVE_TO_BUFFER)
+#define DC_MULTIPLE_DELAY       (1<<BIT_RESERVED)
+#define DC_STREAM_TIME_DELAY    (1<<BIT_STREAM_TIME)
+#define DC_CANCELLED_DELAY      (1<<BIT_CANCELLED_COMMAND)
+
+/* Values for tiDelayed field in TIME_INFO structure,
+ * and for pbPause field in PLAY_BUFFER_INFO structure
+ */
+#define BIT_DIFFERED_COMMAND                0
+#define BIT_NOTIFIED_COMMAND                1
+#define BIT_TIME_RELATIVE_TO_BUFFER         2
+#define BIT_RESERVED                        3
+#define BIT_STREAM_TIME                     4
+#define BIT_CANCELLED_COMMAND               5
+
+/* Access to the "Size" field of the response of the CMD_GET_NOTIFY_EVENT request. */
+#define GET_NOTIFY_EVENT_SIZE_FIELD_MASK    0x000000ff
+
+/* DSP commands general masks */
+#define OPCODE_MASK                 0x00ff0000
+#define DSP_DIFFERED_COMMAND_MASK   0x0000C000
+
+/* Notifications (NOTIFY_INFO) */
+#define ALL_CMDS_NOTIFIED                   0x0000  // reserved
+#define START_STREAM_NOTIFIED               0x0001
+#define PAUSE_STREAM_NOTIFIED               0x0002
+#define OUT_STREAM_LEVEL_NOTIFIED           0x0003
+#define OUT_STREAM_PARAMETER_NOTIFIED       0x0004  // left for backward compatibility
+#define OUT_STREAM_FORMAT_NOTIFIED          0x0004
+#define PIPE_TIME_NOTIFIED                  0x0005
+#define OUT_AUDIO_LEVEL_NOTIFIED            0x0006
+#define OUT_STREAM_LEVEL_CURVE_NOTIFIED     0x0007
+#define STREAM_TIME_NOTIFIED                0x0008
+#define OUT_STREAM_EXTRAPARAMETER_NOTIFIED  0x0009
+#define UNKNOWN_COMMAND_NOTIFIED            0xffff
+
+/* Output pipe parameters setting */
+#define MASK_VALID_PIPE_MPEG_PARAM      0x000040
+#define MASK_VALID_PIPE_BACKWARD_PARAM  0x000020
+#define MASK_SET_PIPE_MPEG_PARAM        0x000002
+#define MASK_SET_PIPE_BACKWARD_PARAM    0x000001
+
+#define MASK_DSP_WORD           0x00FFFFFF
+#define MASK_ALL_STREAM         0x00FFFFFF
+#define MASK_DSP_WORD_LEVEL     0x000001FF
+#define MASK_FIRST_FIELD        0x0000001F
+#define FIELD_SIZE              5
+
+#define COMMAND_RECORD_MASK     0x000800
+
+/* PipeManagement definition bits (PIPE_DECL_INFO) */
+#define P_UNDERRUN_SKIP_SOUND_MASK				0x01
+#define P_PREPARE_FOR_MPEG3_MASK				0x02
+#define P_DO_NOT_RESET_ANALOG_LEVELS			0x04
+#define P_ALLOW_UNDER_ALLOCATION_MASK			0x08
+#define P_DATA_MODE_MASK				0x10
+#define P_ASIO_BUFFER_MANAGEMENT_MASK			0x20
+
+#define BIT_SKIP_SOUND					0x08	// bit 3
+#define BIT_DATA_MODE					0x10	// bit 4
+    
+/* Bits in the CMD_MODIFY_CLOCK request. */
+#define CMD_MODIFY_CLOCK_FD_BIT     0x00000001
+#define CMD_MODIFY_CLOCK_T_BIT      0x00000002
+#define CMD_MODIFY_CLOCK_S_BIT      0x00000004
+
+/* Access to the results of the CMD_GET_TIME_CODE RMH. */
+#define TIME_CODE_V_MASK            0x00800000
+#define TIME_CODE_N_MASK            0x00400000
+#define TIME_CODE_B_MASK            0x00200000
+#define TIME_CODE_W_MASK            0x00100000
+
+/* Values for the CMD_MANAGE_SIGNAL RMH. */
+#define MANAGE_SIGNAL_TIME_CODE     0x01
+#define MANAGE_SIGNAL_MIDI          0x02
+
+/* Values for the CMD_CONFIG_TIME_CODE RMH. */
+#define CONFIG_TIME_CODE_CANCEL     0x00001000
+    
+/* Mask to get only the effective time from the
+ * high word out of the 2 returned by the DSP
+ */
+#define PCX_TIME_HI_MASK        0x000fffff
+
+/* Values for setting a H-Buffer time */
+#define HBUFFER_TIME_HIGH       0x00200000
+#define HBUFFER_TIME_LOW        0x00000000
+
+#define NOTIFY_MASK_TIME_HIGH   0x00400000
+#define MULTIPLE_MASK_TIME_HIGH 0x00100000
+#define STREAM_MASK_TIME_HIGH   0x00800000
+
+
+/*
+ *
+ */
+void vx_init_rmh(struct vx_rmh *rmh, unsigned int cmd);
+
+/**
+ * vx_send_pipe_cmd_params - fill first command word for pipe commands
+ * @rmh: the rmh to be modified
+ * @is_capture: 0 = playback, 1 = capture operation
+ * @param1: first pipe-parameter
+ * @param2: second pipe-parameter
+ */
+static inline void vx_set_pipe_cmd_params(struct vx_rmh *rmh, int is_capture,
+					  int param1, int param2)
+{
+	if (is_capture)
+		rmh->Cmd[0] |= COMMAND_RECORD_MASK;
+	rmh->Cmd[0] |= (((u32)param1 & MASK_FIRST_FIELD) << FIELD_SIZE) & MASK_DSP_WORD;
+		
+	if (param2)
+		rmh->Cmd[0] |= ((u32)param2 & MASK_FIRST_FIELD) & MASK_DSP_WORD;
+	
+}
+
+/**
+ * vx_set_stream_cmd_params - fill first command word for stream commands
+ * @rmh: the rmh to be modified
+ * @is_capture: 0 = playback, 1 = capture operation
+ * @pipe: the pipe index (zero-based)
+ */
+static inline void vx_set_stream_cmd_params(struct vx_rmh *rmh, int is_capture, int pipe)
+{
+	if (is_capture)
+		rmh->Cmd[0] |= COMMAND_RECORD_MASK;
+	rmh->Cmd[0] |= (((u32)pipe & MASK_FIRST_FIELD) << FIELD_SIZE) & MASK_DSP_WORD;
+}
+
+#endif /* __VX_CMD_H */
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_core.c b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_core.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6fa5af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_core.c
@@ -0,0 +1,837 @@
+/*
+ * Driver for Digigram VX soundcards
+ *
+ * Hardware core part
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ */
+
+#include <sound/driver.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/firmware.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+#include <sound/asoundef.h>
+#include <sound/info.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
+#include <sound/vx_core.h>
+#include "vx_cmd.h"
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Common routines for Digigram VX drivers");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+
+
+/*
+ * snd_vx_delay - delay for the specified time
+ * @xmsec: the time to delay in msec
+ */
+void snd_vx_delay(vx_core_t *chip, int xmsec)
+{
+	if (! in_interrupt() && xmsec >= 1000 / HZ)
+		msleep(xmsec);
+	else
+		mdelay(xmsec);
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_check_reg_bit - wait for the specified bit is set/reset on a register
+ * @reg: register to check
+ * @mask: bit mask
+ * @bit: resultant bit to be checked
+ * @time: time-out of loop in msec
+ *
+ * returns zero if a bit matches, or a negative error code.
+ */
+int snd_vx_check_reg_bit(vx_core_t *chip, int reg, int mask, int bit, int time)
+{
+	unsigned long end_time = jiffies + (time * HZ + 999) / 1000;
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG
+	static char *reg_names[VX_REG_MAX] = {
+		"ICR", "CVR", "ISR", "IVR", "RXH", "RXM", "RXL",
+		"DMA", "CDSP", "RFREQ", "RUER/V2", "DATA", "MEMIRQ",
+		"ACQ", "BIT0", "BIT1", "MIC0", "MIC1", "MIC2",
+		"MIC3", "INTCSR", "CNTRL", "GPIOC",
+		"LOFREQ", "HIFREQ", "CSUER", "RUER"
+	};
+#endif
+	do {
+		if ((snd_vx_inb(chip, reg) & mask) == bit)
+			return 0;
+		//snd_vx_delay(chip, 10);
+	} while (time_after_eq(end_time, jiffies));
+	snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "vx_check_reg_bit: timeout, reg=%s, mask=0x%x, val=0x%x\n", reg_names[reg], mask, snd_vx_inb(chip, reg));
+	return -EIO;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_send_irq_dsp - set command irq bit
+ * @num: the requested IRQ type, IRQ_XXX
+ *
+ * this triggers the specified IRQ request
+ * returns 0 if successful, or a negative error code.
+ * 
+ */
+static int vx_send_irq_dsp(vx_core_t *chip, int num)
+{
+	int nirq;
+
+	/* wait for Hc = 0 */
+	if (snd_vx_check_reg_bit(chip, VX_CVR, CVR_HC, 0, 200) < 0)
+		return -EIO;
+
+	nirq = num;
+	if (vx_has_new_dsp(chip))
+		nirq += VXP_IRQ_OFFSET;
+	vx_outb(chip, CVR, (nirq >> 1) | CVR_HC);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_reset_chk - reset CHK bit on ISR
+ *
+ * returns 0 if successful, or a negative error code.
+ */
+static int vx_reset_chk(vx_core_t *chip)
+{
+	/* Reset irq CHK */
+	if (vx_send_irq_dsp(chip, IRQ_RESET_CHK) < 0)
+		return -EIO;
+	/* Wait until CHK = 0 */
+	if (vx_check_isr(chip, ISR_CHK, 0, 200) < 0)
+		return -EIO;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_transfer_end - terminate message transfer
+ * @cmd: IRQ message to send (IRQ_MESS_XXX_END)
+ *
+ * returns 0 if successful, or a negative error code.
+ * the error code can be VX-specific, retrieved via vx_get_error().
+ * NB: call with spinlock held!
+ */
+static int vx_transfer_end(vx_core_t *chip, int cmd)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if ((err = vx_reset_chk(chip)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* irq MESS_READ/WRITE_END */
+	if ((err = vx_send_irq_dsp(chip, cmd)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* Wait CHK = 1 */
+	if ((err = vx_wait_isr_bit(chip, ISR_CHK)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* If error, Read RX */
+	if ((err = vx_inb(chip, ISR)) & ISR_ERR) {
+		if ((err = vx_wait_for_rx_full(chip)) < 0) {
+			snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "transfer_end: error in rx_full\n");
+			return err;
+		}
+		err = vx_inb(chip, RXH) << 16;
+		err |= vx_inb(chip, RXM) << 8;
+		err |= vx_inb(chip, RXL);
+		snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "transfer_end: error = 0x%x\n", err);
+		return -(VX_ERR_MASK | err);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_read_status - return the status rmh
+ * @rmh: rmh record to store the status
+ *
+ * returns 0 if successful, or a negative error code.
+ * the error code can be VX-specific, retrieved via vx_get_error().
+ * NB: call with spinlock held!
+ */
+static int vx_read_status(vx_core_t *chip, struct vx_rmh *rmh)
+{
+	int i, err, val, size;
+
+	/* no read necessary? */
+	if (rmh->DspStat == RMH_SSIZE_FIXED && rmh->LgStat == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Wait for RX full (with timeout protection)
+	 * The first word of status is in RX
+	 */
+	err = vx_wait_for_rx_full(chip);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* Read RX */
+	val = vx_inb(chip, RXH) << 16;
+	val |= vx_inb(chip, RXM) << 8;
+	val |= vx_inb(chip, RXL);
+
+	/* If status given by DSP, let's decode its size */
+	switch (rmh->DspStat) {
+	case RMH_SSIZE_ARG:
+		size = val & 0xff;
+		rmh->Stat[0] = val & 0xffff00;
+		rmh->LgStat = size + 1;
+		break;
+	case RMH_SSIZE_MASK:
+		/* Let's count the arg numbers from a mask */
+		rmh->Stat[0] = val;
+		size = 0;
+		while (val) {
+			if (val & 0x01)
+				size++;
+			val >>= 1;
+		}
+		rmh->LgStat = size + 1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* else retrieve the status length given by the driver */
+		size = rmh->LgStat;
+		rmh->Stat[0] = val;  /* Val is the status 1st word */
+		size--;              /* hence adjust remaining length */
+		break;
+        }
+
+	if (size < 1)
+		return 0;
+	snd_assert(size <= SIZE_MAX_STATUS, return -EINVAL);
+
+	for (i = 1; i <= size; i++) {
+		/* trigger an irq MESS_WRITE_NEXT */
+		err = vx_send_irq_dsp(chip, IRQ_MESS_WRITE_NEXT);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		/* Wait for RX full (with timeout protection) */
+		err = vx_wait_for_rx_full(chip);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		rmh->Stat[i] = vx_inb(chip, RXH) << 16;
+		rmh->Stat[i] |= vx_inb(chip, RXM) <<  8;
+		rmh->Stat[i] |= vx_inb(chip, RXL);
+	}
+
+	return vx_transfer_end(chip, IRQ_MESS_WRITE_END);
+}
+
+
+#define MASK_MORE_THAN_1_WORD_COMMAND   0x00008000
+#define MASK_1_WORD_COMMAND             0x00ff7fff
+
+/*
+ * vx_send_msg_nolock - send a DSP message and read back the status
+ * @rmh: the rmh record to send and receive
+ *
+ * returns 0 if successful, or a negative error code.
+ * the error code can be VX-specific, retrieved via vx_get_error().
+ * 
+ * this function doesn't call spinlock at all.
+ */
+int vx_send_msg_nolock(vx_core_t *chip, struct vx_rmh *rmh)
+{
+	int i, err;
+	
+	if (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	if ((err = vx_reset_chk(chip)) < 0) {
+		snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "vx_send_msg: vx_reset_chk error\n");
+		return err;
+	}
+
+#if 0
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "rmh: cmd = 0x%06x, length = %d, stype = %d\n",
+	       rmh->Cmd[0], rmh->LgCmd, rmh->DspStat);
+	if (rmh->LgCmd > 1) {
+		printk(KERN_DEBUG "  ");
+		for (i = 1; i < rmh->LgCmd; i++)
+			printk("0x%06x ", rmh->Cmd[i]);
+		printk("\n");
+	}
+#endif
+	/* Check bit M is set according to length of the command */
+	if (rmh->LgCmd > 1)
+		rmh->Cmd[0] |= MASK_MORE_THAN_1_WORD_COMMAND;
+	else
+		rmh->Cmd[0] &= MASK_1_WORD_COMMAND;
+
+	/* Wait for TX empty */
+	if ((err = vx_wait_isr_bit(chip, ISR_TX_EMPTY)) < 0) {
+		snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "vx_send_msg: wait tx empty error\n");
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	/* Write Cmd[0] */
+	vx_outb(chip, TXH, (rmh->Cmd[0] >> 16) & 0xff);
+	vx_outb(chip, TXM, (rmh->Cmd[0] >> 8) & 0xff);
+	vx_outb(chip, TXL, rmh->Cmd[0] & 0xff);
+
+	/* Trigger irq MESSAGE */
+	if ((err = vx_send_irq_dsp(chip, IRQ_MESSAGE)) < 0) {
+		snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "vx_send_msg: send IRQ_MESSAGE error\n");
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	/* Wait for CHK = 1 */
+	if ((err = vx_wait_isr_bit(chip, ISR_CHK)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* If error, get error value from RX */
+	if (vx_inb(chip, ISR) & ISR_ERR) {
+		if ((err = vx_wait_for_rx_full(chip)) < 0) {
+			snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "vx_send_msg: rx_full read error\n");
+			return err;
+		}
+		err = vx_inb(chip, RXH) << 16;
+		err |= vx_inb(chip, RXM) << 8;
+		err |= vx_inb(chip, RXL);
+		snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "msg got error = 0x%x at cmd[0]\n", err);
+		err = -(VX_ERR_MASK | err);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	/* Send the other words */
+	if (rmh->LgCmd > 1) {
+		for (i = 1; i < rmh->LgCmd; i++) {
+			/* Wait for TX ready */
+			if ((err = vx_wait_isr_bit(chip, ISR_TX_READY)) < 0) {
+				snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "vx_send_msg: tx_ready error\n");
+				return err;
+			}
+
+			/* Write Cmd[i] */
+			vx_outb(chip, TXH, (rmh->Cmd[i] >> 16) & 0xff);
+			vx_outb(chip, TXM, (rmh->Cmd[i] >> 8) & 0xff);
+			vx_outb(chip, TXL, rmh->Cmd[i] & 0xff);
+
+			/* Trigger irq MESS_READ_NEXT */
+			if ((err = vx_send_irq_dsp(chip, IRQ_MESS_READ_NEXT)) < 0) {
+				snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "vx_send_msg: IRQ_READ_NEXT error\n");
+				return err;
+			}
+		}
+		/* Wait for TX empty */
+		if ((err = vx_wait_isr_bit(chip, ISR_TX_READY)) < 0) {
+			snd_printd(KERN_DEBUG "vx_send_msg: TX_READY error\n");
+			return err;
+		}
+		/* End of transfer */
+		err = vx_transfer_end(chip, IRQ_MESS_READ_END);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return vx_read_status(chip, rmh);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_send_msg - send a DSP message with spinlock
+ * @rmh: the rmh record to send and receive
+ *
+ * returns 0 if successful, or a negative error code.
+ * see vx_send_msg_nolock().
+ */
+int vx_send_msg(vx_core_t *chip, struct vx_rmh *rmh)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int err;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->lock, flags);
+	err = vx_send_msg_nolock(chip, rmh);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->lock, flags);
+	return err;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_send_rih_nolock - send an RIH to xilinx
+ * @cmd: the command to send
+ *
+ * returns 0 if successful, or a negative error code.
+ * the error code can be VX-specific, retrieved via vx_get_error().
+ *
+ * this function doesn't call spinlock at all.
+ *
+ * unlike RMH, no command is sent to DSP.
+ */
+int vx_send_rih_nolock(vx_core_t *chip, int cmd)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+#if 0
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "send_rih: cmd = 0x%x\n", cmd);
+#endif
+	if ((err = vx_reset_chk(chip)) < 0)
+		return err;
+	/* send the IRQ */
+	if ((err = vx_send_irq_dsp(chip, cmd)) < 0)
+		return err;
+	/* Wait CHK = 1 */
+	if ((err = vx_wait_isr_bit(chip, ISR_CHK)) < 0)
+		return err;
+	/* If error, read RX */
+	if (vx_inb(chip, ISR) & ISR_ERR) {
+		if ((err = vx_wait_for_rx_full(chip)) < 0)
+			return err;
+		err = vx_inb(chip, RXH) << 16;
+		err |= vx_inb(chip, RXM) << 8;
+		err |= vx_inb(chip, RXL);
+		return -(VX_ERR_MASK | err);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_send_rih - send an RIH with spinlock
+ * @cmd: the command to send
+ *
+ * see vx_send_rih_nolock().
+ */
+int vx_send_rih(vx_core_t *chip, int cmd)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int err;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->lock, flags);
+	err = vx_send_rih_nolock(chip, cmd);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->lock, flags);
+	return err;
+}
+
+#define END_OF_RESET_WAIT_TIME		500	/* us */
+
+/**
+ * snd_vx_boot_xilinx - boot up the xilinx interface
+ * @boot: the boot record to load
+ */
+int snd_vx_load_boot_image(vx_core_t *chip, const struct firmware *boot)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	int no_fillup = vx_has_new_dsp(chip);
+
+	/* check the length of boot image */
+	snd_assert(boot->size > 0, return -EINVAL);
+	snd_assert(boot->size % 3 == 0, return -EINVAL);
+#if 0
+	{
+		/* more strict check */
+		unsigned int c = ((u32)boot->data[0] << 16) | ((u32)boot->data[1] << 8) | boot->data[2];
+		snd_assert(boot->size == (c + 2) * 3, return -EINVAL);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	/* reset dsp */
+	vx_reset_dsp(chip);
+	
+	udelay(END_OF_RESET_WAIT_TIME); /* another wait? */
+
+	/* download boot strap */
+	for (i = 0; i < 0x600; i += 3) {
+		if (i >= boot->size) {
+			if (no_fillup)
+				break;
+			if (vx_wait_isr_bit(chip, ISR_TX_EMPTY) < 0) {
+				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "dsp boot failed at %d\n", i);
+				return -EIO;
+			}
+			vx_outb(chip, TXH, 0);
+			vx_outb(chip, TXM, 0);
+			vx_outb(chip, TXL, 0);
+		} else {
+			unsigned char *image = boot->data + i;
+			if (vx_wait_isr_bit(chip, ISR_TX_EMPTY) < 0) {
+				snd_printk(KERN_ERR "dsp boot failed at %d\n", i);
+				return -EIO;
+			}
+			vx_outb(chip, TXH, image[0]);
+			vx_outb(chip, TXM, image[1]);
+			vx_outb(chip, TXL, image[2]);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_test_irq_src - query the source of interrupts
+ *
+ * called from irq handler only
+ */
+static int vx_test_irq_src(vx_core_t *chip, unsigned int *ret)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&chip->irq_rmh, CMD_TEST_IT);
+	spin_lock(&chip->lock);
+	err = vx_send_msg_nolock(chip, &chip->irq_rmh);
+	if (err < 0)
+		*ret = 0;
+	else
+		*ret = chip->irq_rmh.Stat[0];
+	spin_unlock(&chip->lock);
+	return err;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_interrupt - soft irq handler
+ */
+static void vx_interrupt(unsigned long private_data)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = (vx_core_t *) private_data;
+	unsigned int events;
+		
+	if (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)
+		return;
+
+	if (vx_test_irq_src(chip, &events) < 0)
+		return;
+    
+#if 0
+	if (events & 0x000800)
+		printk(KERN_ERR "DSP Stream underrun ! IRQ events = 0x%x\n", events);
+#endif
+	// printk(KERN_DEBUG "IRQ events = 0x%x\n", events);
+
+	/* We must prevent any application using this DSP
+	 * and block any further request until the application
+	 * either unregisters or reloads the DSP
+	 */
+	if (events & FATAL_DSP_ERROR) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "vx_core: fatal DSP error!!\n");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* The start on time code conditions are filled (ie the time code
+	 * received by the board is equal to one of those given to it).
+	 */
+	if (events & TIME_CODE_EVENT_PENDING)
+		; /* so far, nothing to do yet */
+
+	/* The frequency has changed on the board (UER mode). */
+	if (events & FREQUENCY_CHANGE_EVENT_PENDING)
+		vx_change_frequency(chip);
+
+	/* update the pcm streams */
+	vx_pcm_update_intr(chip, events);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * snd_vx_irq_handler - interrupt handler
+ */
+irqreturn_t snd_vx_irq_handler(int irq, void *dev, struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = dev;
+
+	if (! (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_CHIP_INIT) ||
+	    (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE))
+		return IRQ_NONE;
+	if (! vx_test_and_ack(chip))
+		tasklet_hi_schedule(&chip->tq);
+	return IRQ_HANDLED;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ */
+static void vx_reset_board(vx_core_t *chip, int cold_reset)
+{
+	snd_assert(chip->ops->reset_board, return);
+
+	/* current source, later sync'ed with target */
+	chip->audio_source = VX_AUDIO_SRC_LINE;
+	if (cold_reset) {
+		chip->audio_source_target = chip->audio_source;
+		chip->clock_source = INTERNAL_QUARTZ;
+		chip->clock_mode = VX_CLOCK_MODE_AUTO;
+		chip->freq = 48000;
+		chip->uer_detected = VX_UER_MODE_NOT_PRESENT;
+		chip->uer_bits = SNDRV_PCM_DEFAULT_CON_SPDIF;
+	}
+
+	chip->ops->reset_board(chip, cold_reset);
+
+	vx_reset_codec(chip, cold_reset);
+
+	vx_set_internal_clock(chip, chip->freq);
+
+	/* Reset the DSP */
+	vx_reset_dsp(chip);
+
+	if (vx_is_pcmcia(chip)) {
+		/* Acknowledge any pending IRQ and reset the MEMIRQ flag. */
+		vx_test_and_ack(chip);
+		vx_validate_irq(chip, 1);
+	}
+
+	/* init CBits */
+	vx_set_iec958_status(chip, chip->uer_bits);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * proc interface
+ */
+
+static void vx_proc_read(snd_info_entry_t *entry, snd_info_buffer_t *buffer)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = entry->private_data;
+	static char *audio_src_vxp[] = { "Line", "Mic", "Digital" };
+	static char *audio_src_vx2[] = { "Analog", "Analog", "Digital" };
+	static char *clock_mode[] = { "Auto", "Internal", "External" };
+	static char *clock_src[] = { "Internal", "External" };
+	static char *uer_type[] = { "Consumer", "Professional", "Not Present" };
+	
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "%s\n", chip->card->longname);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "Xilinx Firmware: %s\n",
+		    chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_XILINX_LOADED ? "Loaded" : "No");
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "Device Initialized: %s\n",
+		    chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_DEVICE_INIT ? "Yes" : "No");
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "DSP audio info:");
+	if (chip->audio_info & VX_AUDIO_INFO_REAL_TIME)
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, " realtime");
+	if (chip->audio_info & VX_AUDIO_INFO_OFFLINE)
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, " offline");
+	if (chip->audio_info & VX_AUDIO_INFO_MPEG1)
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, " mpeg1");
+	if (chip->audio_info & VX_AUDIO_INFO_MPEG2)
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, " mpeg2");
+	if (chip->audio_info & VX_AUDIO_INFO_LINEAR_8)
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, " linear8");
+	if (chip->audio_info & VX_AUDIO_INFO_LINEAR_16)
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, " linear16");
+	if (chip->audio_info & VX_AUDIO_INFO_LINEAR_24)
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, " linear24");
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "\n");
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "Input Source: %s\n", vx_is_pcmcia(chip) ?
+		    audio_src_vxp[chip->audio_source] :
+		    audio_src_vx2[chip->audio_source]);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "Clock Mode: %s\n", clock_mode[chip->clock_mode]);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "Clock Source: %s\n", clock_src[chip->clock_source]);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "Frequency: %d\n", chip->freq);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "Detected Frequency: %d\n", chip->freq_detected);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "Detected UER type: %s\n", uer_type[chip->uer_detected]);
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "Min/Max/Cur IBL: %d/%d/%d (granularity=%d)\n",
+		    chip->ibl.min_size, chip->ibl.max_size, chip->ibl.size,
+		    chip->ibl.granularity);
+}
+
+static void vx_proc_init(vx_core_t *chip)
+{
+	snd_info_entry_t *entry;
+
+	if (! snd_card_proc_new(chip->card, "vx-status", &entry))
+		snd_info_set_text_ops(entry, chip, 1024, vx_proc_read);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * snd_vx_dsp_boot - load the DSP boot
+ */
+int snd_vx_dsp_boot(vx_core_t *chip, const struct firmware *boot)
+{
+	int err;
+	int cold_reset = !(chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_DEVICE_INIT);
+
+	vx_reset_board(chip, cold_reset);
+	vx_validate_irq(chip, 0);
+
+	if ((err = snd_vx_load_boot_image(chip, boot)) < 0)
+		return err;
+	snd_vx_delay(chip, 10);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * snd_vx_dsp_load - load the DSP image
+ */
+int snd_vx_dsp_load(vx_core_t *chip, const struct firmware *dsp)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	int err;
+	unsigned int csum = 0;
+	unsigned char *image, *cptr;
+
+	snd_assert(dsp->size % 3 == 0, return -EINVAL);
+
+	vx_toggle_dac_mute(chip, 1);
+
+	/* Transfert data buffer from PC to DSP */
+	for (i = 0; i < dsp->size; i += 3) {
+		image = dsp->data + i;
+		/* Wait DSP ready for a new read */
+		if ((err = vx_wait_isr_bit(chip, ISR_TX_EMPTY)) < 0) {
+			printk("dsp loading error at position %d\n", i);
+			return err;
+		}
+		cptr = image;
+		csum ^= *cptr;
+		csum = (csum >> 24) | (csum << 8);
+		vx_outb(chip, TXH, *cptr++);
+		csum ^= *cptr;
+		csum = (csum >> 24) | (csum << 8);
+		vx_outb(chip, TXM, *cptr++);
+		csum ^= *cptr;
+		csum = (csum >> 24) | (csum << 8);
+		vx_outb(chip, TXL, *cptr++);
+	}
+	snd_printdd(KERN_DEBUG "checksum = 0x%08x\n", csum);
+
+	snd_vx_delay(chip, 200);
+
+	if ((err = vx_wait_isr_bit(chip, ISR_CHK)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	vx_toggle_dac_mute(chip, 0);
+
+	vx_test_and_ack(chip);
+	vx_validate_irq(chip, 1);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM
+/*
+ * suspend
+ */
+static int snd_vx_suspend(snd_card_t *card, pm_message_t state)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = card->pm_private_data;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	snd_assert(chip, return -EINVAL);
+
+	chip->chip_status |= VX_STAT_IN_SUSPEND;
+	for (i = 0; i < chip->hw->num_codecs; i++)
+		snd_pcm_suspend_all(chip->pcm[i]);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * resume
+ */
+static int snd_vx_resume(snd_card_t *card)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = card->pm_private_data;
+	int i, err;
+
+	snd_assert(chip, return -EINVAL);
+
+	chip->chip_status &= ~VX_STAT_CHIP_INIT;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+		if (! chip->firmware[i])
+			continue;
+		err = chip->ops->load_dsp(chip, i, chip->firmware[i]);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "vx: firmware resume error at DSP %d\n", i);
+			return -EIO;
+		}
+	}
+
+	chip->chip_status |= VX_STAT_CHIP_INIT;
+	chip->chip_status &= ~VX_STAT_IN_SUSPEND;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * snd_vx_create - constructor for vx_core_t
+ * @hw: hardware specific record
+ *
+ * this function allocates the instance and prepare for the hardware
+ * initialization.
+ *
+ * return the instance pointer if successful, NULL in error.
+ */
+vx_core_t *snd_vx_create(snd_card_t *card, struct snd_vx_hardware *hw,
+			 struct snd_vx_ops *ops,
+			 int extra_size)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip;
+
+	snd_assert(card && hw && ops, return NULL);
+
+	chip = kcalloc(1, sizeof(*chip) + extra_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (! chip) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "vx_core: no memory\n");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	spin_lock_init(&chip->lock);
+	spin_lock_init(&chip->irq_lock);
+	chip->irq = -1;
+	chip->hw = hw;
+	chip->type = hw->type;
+	chip->ops = ops;
+	tasklet_init(&chip->tq, vx_interrupt, (unsigned long)chip);
+	init_MUTEX(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+
+	chip->card = card;
+	card->private_data = chip;
+	strcpy(card->driver, hw->name);
+	sprintf(card->shortname, "Digigram %s", hw->name);
+
+	snd_card_set_pm_callback(card, snd_vx_suspend, snd_vx_resume, chip);
+
+	vx_proc_init(chip);
+
+	return chip;
+}
+
+/*
+ * module entries
+ */
+static int __init alsa_vx_core_init(void)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void __exit alsa_vx_core_exit(void)
+{
+}
+
+module_init(alsa_vx_core_init)
+module_exit(alsa_vx_core_exit)
+
+/*
+ * exports
+ */
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_vx_check_reg_bit);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_vx_create);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_vx_setup_firmware);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_vx_free_firmware);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_vx_irq_handler);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_vx_delay);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_vx_dsp_boot);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_vx_dsp_load);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_vx_load_boot_image);
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_hwdep.c b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_hwdep.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a3dc3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_hwdep.c
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+/*
+ * Driver for Digigram VX soundcards
+ *
+ * DSP firmware management
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ */
+
+#include <sound/driver.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/firmware.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/hwdep.h>
+#include <sound/vx_core.h>
+
+#ifdef SND_VX_FW_LOADER
+
+int snd_vx_setup_firmware(vx_core_t *chip)
+{
+	static char *fw_files[VX_TYPE_NUMS][4] = {
+		[VX_TYPE_BOARD] = {
+			NULL, "x1_1_vx2.xlx", "bd56002.boot", "l_1_vx2.d56",
+		},
+		[VX_TYPE_V2] = {
+			NULL, "x1_2_v22.xlx", "bd563v2.boot", "l_1_v22.d56",
+		},
+		[VX_TYPE_MIC] = {
+			NULL, "x1_2_v22.xlx", "bd563v2.boot", "l_1_v22.d56",
+		},
+		[VX_TYPE_VXPOCKET] = {
+			"bx_1_vxp.b56", "x1_1_vxp.xlx", "bd563s3.boot", "l_1_vxp.d56"
+		},
+		[VX_TYPE_VXP440] = {
+			"bx_1_vp4.b56", "x1_1_vp4.xlx", "bd563s3.boot", "l_1_vp4.d56"
+		},
+	};
+
+	int i, err;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+		char path[32];
+		const struct firmware *fw;
+		if (! fw_files[chip->type][i])
+			continue;
+		sprintf(path, "vx/%s", fw_files[chip->type][i]);
+		if (request_firmware(&fw, path, chip->dev)) {
+			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "vx: can't load firmware %s\n", path);
+			return -ENOENT;
+		}
+		err = chip->ops->load_dsp(chip, i, fw);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			release_firmware(fw);
+			return err;
+		}
+		if (i == 1)
+			chip->chip_status |= VX_STAT_XILINX_LOADED;
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM
+		chip->firmware[i] = fw;
+#else
+		release_firmware(fw);
+#endif
+	}
+
+	/* ok, we reached to the last one */
+	/* create the devices if not built yet */
+	if ((err = snd_vx_pcm_new(chip)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	if ((err = snd_vx_mixer_new(chip)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	if (chip->ops->add_controls)
+		if ((err = chip->ops->add_controls(chip)) < 0)
+			return err;
+
+	chip->chip_status |= VX_STAT_DEVICE_INIT;
+	chip->chip_status |= VX_STAT_CHIP_INIT;
+
+	return snd_card_register(chip->card);
+}
+
+/* exported */
+void snd_vx_free_firmware(vx_core_t *chip)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+		release_firmware(chip->firmware[i]);
+#endif
+}
+
+#else /* old style firmware loading */
+
+static int vx_hwdep_open(snd_hwdep_t *hw, struct file *file)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_hwdep_release(snd_hwdep_t *hw, struct file *file)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_hwdep_dsp_status(snd_hwdep_t *hw, snd_hwdep_dsp_status_t *info)
+{
+	static char *type_ids[VX_TYPE_NUMS] = {
+		[VX_TYPE_BOARD] = "vxboard",
+		[VX_TYPE_V2] = "vx222",
+		[VX_TYPE_MIC] = "vx222",
+		[VX_TYPE_VXPOCKET] = "vxpocket",
+		[VX_TYPE_VXP440] = "vxp440",
+	};
+	vx_core_t *vx = hw->private_data;
+
+	snd_assert(type_ids[vx->type], return -EINVAL);
+	strcpy(info->id, type_ids[vx->type]);
+	if (vx_is_pcmcia(vx))
+		info->num_dsps = 4;
+	else
+		info->num_dsps = 3;
+	if (vx->chip_status & VX_STAT_CHIP_INIT)
+		info->chip_ready = 1;
+	info->version = VX_DRIVER_VERSION;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void free_fw(const struct firmware *fw)
+{
+	if (fw) {
+		vfree(fw->data);
+		kfree(fw);
+	}
+}
+
+static int vx_hwdep_dsp_load(snd_hwdep_t *hw, snd_hwdep_dsp_image_t *dsp)
+{
+	vx_core_t *vx = hw->private_data;
+	int index, err;
+	struct firmware *fw;
+
+	snd_assert(vx->ops->load_dsp, return -ENXIO);
+
+	fw = kmalloc(sizeof(*fw), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (! fw) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot allocate firmware\n");
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	fw->size = dsp->length;
+	fw->data = vmalloc(fw->size);
+	if (! fw->data) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot allocate firmware image (length=%d)\n",
+			   (int)fw->size);
+		kfree(fw);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	if (copy_from_user(fw->data, dsp->image, dsp->length)) {
+		free_fw(fw);
+		return -EFAULT;
+	}
+
+	index = dsp->index;
+	if (! vx_is_pcmcia(vx))
+		index++;
+	err = vx->ops->load_dsp(vx, index, fw);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		free_fw(fw);
+		return err;
+	}
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM
+	vx->firmware[index] = fw;
+#else
+	free_fw(fw);
+#endif
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		vx->chip_status |= VX_STAT_XILINX_LOADED;
+	if (index < 3)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* ok, we reached to the last one */
+	/* create the devices if not built yet */
+	if (! (vx->chip_status & VX_STAT_DEVICE_INIT)) {
+		if ((err = snd_vx_pcm_new(vx)) < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		if ((err = snd_vx_mixer_new(vx)) < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		if (vx->ops->add_controls)
+			if ((err = vx->ops->add_controls(vx)) < 0)
+				return err;
+
+		if ((err = snd_card_register(vx->card)) < 0)
+			return err;
+
+		vx->chip_status |= VX_STAT_DEVICE_INIT;
+	}
+	vx->chip_status |= VX_STAT_CHIP_INIT;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* exported */
+int snd_vx_setup_firmware(vx_core_t *chip)
+{
+	int err;
+	snd_hwdep_t *hw;
+
+	if ((err = snd_hwdep_new(chip->card, SND_VX_HWDEP_ID, 0, &hw)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	hw->iface = SNDRV_HWDEP_IFACE_VX;
+	hw->private_data = chip;
+	hw->ops.open = vx_hwdep_open;
+	hw->ops.release = vx_hwdep_release;
+	hw->ops.dsp_status = vx_hwdep_dsp_status;
+	hw->ops.dsp_load = vx_hwdep_dsp_load;
+	hw->exclusive = 1;
+	sprintf(hw->name, "VX Loader (%s)", chip->card->driver);
+	chip->hwdep = hw;
+
+	return snd_card_register(chip->card);
+}
+
+/* exported */
+void snd_vx_free_firmware(vx_core_t *chip)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM
+	int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+		free_fw(chip->firmware[i]);
+#endif
+}
+
+#endif /* SND_VX_FW_LOADER */
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_mixer.c b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_mixer.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f00c888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_mixer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1000 @@
+/*
+ * Driver for Digigram VX soundcards
+ *
+ * Common mixer part
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ */
+
+#include <sound/driver.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/control.h>
+#include <sound/vx_core.h>
+#include "vx_cmd.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * write a codec data (24bit)
+ */
+static void vx_write_codec_reg(vx_core_t *chip, int codec, unsigned int data)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	snd_assert(chip->ops->write_codec, return);
+
+	if (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)
+		return;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->lock, flags);
+	chip->ops->write_codec(chip, codec, data);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->lock, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Data type used to access the Codec
+ */
+typedef union {
+	u32 l;
+#ifdef SNDRV_BIG_ENDIAN
+	struct w {
+		u16 h;
+		u16 l;
+	} w;
+	struct b {
+		u8 hh;
+		u8 mh;
+		u8 ml;
+		u8 ll;
+	} b;
+#else /* LITTLE_ENDIAN */
+	struct w {
+		u16 l;
+		u16 h;
+	} w;
+	struct b {
+		u8 ll;
+		u8 ml;
+		u8 mh;
+		u8 hh;
+	} b;
+#endif
+} vx_codec_data_t;
+
+#define SET_CDC_DATA_SEL(di,s)          ((di).b.mh = (u8) (s))
+#define SET_CDC_DATA_REG(di,r)          ((di).b.ml = (u8) (r))
+#define SET_CDC_DATA_VAL(di,d)          ((di).b.ll = (u8) (d))
+#define SET_CDC_DATA_INIT(di)           ((di).l = 0L, SET_CDC_DATA_SEL(di,XX_CODEC_SELECTOR))
+
+/*
+ * set up codec register and write the value
+ * @codec: the codec id, 0 or 1
+ * @reg: register index
+ * @val: data value
+ */
+static void vx_set_codec_reg(vx_core_t *chip, int codec, int reg, int val)
+{
+	vx_codec_data_t data;
+	/* DAC control register */
+	SET_CDC_DATA_INIT(data);
+	SET_CDC_DATA_REG(data, reg);
+	SET_CDC_DATA_VAL(data, val);
+	vx_write_codec_reg(chip, codec, data.l);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_set_analog_output_level - set the output attenuation level
+ * @codec: the output codec, 0 or 1.  (1 for VXP440 only)
+ * @left: left output level, 0 = mute
+ * @right: right output level
+ */
+static void vx_set_analog_output_level(vx_core_t *chip, int codec, int left, int right)
+{
+	left  = chip->hw->output_level_max - left;
+	right = chip->hw->output_level_max - right;
+
+	if (chip->ops->akm_write) {
+		chip->ops->akm_write(chip, XX_CODEC_LEVEL_LEFT_REGISTER, left);
+		chip->ops->akm_write(chip, XX_CODEC_LEVEL_RIGHT_REGISTER, right);
+	} else {
+		/* convert to attenuation level: 0 = 0dB (max), 0xe3 = -113.5 dB (min) */
+		vx_set_codec_reg(chip, codec, XX_CODEC_LEVEL_LEFT_REGISTER, left);
+		vx_set_codec_reg(chip, codec, XX_CODEC_LEVEL_RIGHT_REGISTER, right);
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_toggle_dac_mute -  mute/unmute DAC
+ * @mute: 0 = unmute, 1 = mute
+ */
+
+#define DAC_ATTEN_MIN	0x08
+#define DAC_ATTEN_MAX	0x38
+
+void vx_toggle_dac_mute(vx_core_t *chip, int mute)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < chip->hw->num_codecs; i++) {
+		if (chip->ops->akm_write)
+			chip->ops->akm_write(chip, XX_CODEC_DAC_CONTROL_REGISTER, mute); /* XXX */
+		else
+			vx_set_codec_reg(chip, i, XX_CODEC_DAC_CONTROL_REGISTER,
+					 mute ? DAC_ATTEN_MAX : DAC_ATTEN_MIN);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_reset_codec - reset and initialize the codecs
+ */
+void vx_reset_codec(vx_core_t *chip, int cold_reset)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	int port = chip->type >= VX_TYPE_VXPOCKET ? 0x75 : 0x65;
+
+	chip->ops->reset_codec(chip);
+
+	/* AKM codecs should be initialized in reset_codec callback */
+	if (! chip->ops->akm_write) {
+		/* initialize old codecs */
+		for (i = 0; i < chip->hw->num_codecs; i++) {
+			/* DAC control register (change level when zero crossing + mute) */
+			vx_set_codec_reg(chip, i, XX_CODEC_DAC_CONTROL_REGISTER, DAC_ATTEN_MAX);
+			/* ADC control register */
+			vx_set_codec_reg(chip, i, XX_CODEC_ADC_CONTROL_REGISTER, 0x00);
+			/* Port mode register */
+			vx_set_codec_reg(chip, i, XX_CODEC_PORT_MODE_REGISTER, port);
+			/* Clock control register */
+			vx_set_codec_reg(chip, i, XX_CODEC_CLOCK_CONTROL_REGISTER, 0x00);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* mute analog output */
+	for (i = 0; i < chip->hw->num_codecs; i++) {
+		chip->output_level[i][0] = 0;
+		chip->output_level[i][1] = 0;
+		vx_set_analog_output_level(chip, i, 0, 0);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * change the audio input source
+ * @src: the target source (VX_AUDIO_SRC_XXX)
+ */
+static void vx_change_audio_source(vx_core_t *chip, int src)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	if (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)
+		return;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->lock, flags);
+	chip->ops->change_audio_source(chip, src);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->lock, flags);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * change the audio source if necessary and possible
+ * returns 1 if the source is actually changed.
+ */
+int vx_sync_audio_source(vx_core_t *chip)
+{
+	if (chip->audio_source_target == chip->audio_source ||
+	    chip->pcm_running)
+		return 0;
+	vx_change_audio_source(chip, chip->audio_source_target);
+	chip->audio_source = chip->audio_source_target;
+	return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * audio level, mute, monitoring
+ */
+struct vx_audio_level {
+	unsigned int has_level: 1;
+	unsigned int has_monitor_level: 1;
+	unsigned int has_mute: 1;
+	unsigned int has_monitor_mute: 1;
+	unsigned int mute;
+	unsigned int monitor_mute;
+	short level;
+	short monitor_level;
+};
+
+static int vx_adjust_audio_level(vx_core_t *chip, int audio, int capture,
+				 struct vx_audio_level *info)
+{
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+
+	if (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+        vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_AUDIO_LEVEL_ADJUST);
+	if (capture)
+		rmh.Cmd[0] |= COMMAND_RECORD_MASK;
+	/* Add Audio IO mask */
+	rmh.Cmd[1] = 1 << audio;
+	rmh.Cmd[2] = 0;
+	if (info->has_level) {
+		rmh.Cmd[0] |=  VALID_AUDIO_IO_DIGITAL_LEVEL;
+		rmh.Cmd[2] |= info->level;
+        }
+	if (info->has_monitor_level) {
+		rmh.Cmd[0] |=  VALID_AUDIO_IO_MONITORING_LEVEL;
+		rmh.Cmd[2] |= ((unsigned int)info->monitor_level << 10);
+        }
+	if (info->has_mute) { 
+		rmh.Cmd[0] |= VALID_AUDIO_IO_MUTE_LEVEL;
+		if (info->mute)
+			rmh.Cmd[2] |= AUDIO_IO_HAS_MUTE_LEVEL;
+	}
+	if (info->has_monitor_mute) {
+		/* validate flag for M2 at least to unmute it */ 
+		rmh.Cmd[0] |=  VALID_AUDIO_IO_MUTE_MONITORING_1 | VALID_AUDIO_IO_MUTE_MONITORING_2;
+		if (info->monitor_mute)
+			rmh.Cmd[2] |= AUDIO_IO_HAS_MUTE_MONITORING_1;
+	}
+
+	return vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh);
+}
+
+    
+#if 0 // not used
+static int vx_read_audio_level(vx_core_t *chip, int audio, int capture,
+			       struct vx_audio_level *info)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+
+	memset(info, 0, sizeof(*info));
+        vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_GET_AUDIO_LEVELS);
+	if (capture)
+		rmh.Cmd[0] |= COMMAND_RECORD_MASK;
+	/* Add Audio IO mask */
+	rmh.Cmd[1] = 1 << audio;
+	err = vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	info.level = rmh.Stat[0] & MASK_DSP_WORD_LEVEL;
+	info.monitor_level = (rmh.Stat[0] >> 10) & MASK_DSP_WORD_LEVEL;
+	info.mute = (rmh.Stat[i] & AUDIO_IO_HAS_MUTE_LEVEL) ? 1 : 0;
+	info.monitor_mute = (rmh.Stat[i] & AUDIO_IO_HAS_MUTE_MONITORING_1) ? 1 : 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif // not used
+
+/*
+ * set the monitoring level and mute state of the given audio
+ * no more static, because must be called from vx_pcm to demute monitoring
+ */
+int vx_set_monitor_level(vx_core_t *chip, int audio, int level, int active)
+{
+	struct vx_audio_level info;
+
+	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
+	info.has_monitor_level = 1;
+	info.monitor_level = level;
+	info.has_monitor_mute = 1;
+	info.monitor_mute = !active;
+	chip->audio_monitor[audio] = level;
+	chip->audio_monitor_active[audio] = active;
+	return vx_adjust_audio_level(chip, audio, 0, &info); /* playback only */
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * set the mute status of the given audio
+ */
+static int vx_set_audio_switch(vx_core_t *chip, int audio, int active)
+{
+	struct vx_audio_level info;
+
+	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
+	info.has_mute = 1;
+	info.mute = !active;
+	chip->audio_active[audio] = active;
+	return vx_adjust_audio_level(chip, audio, 0, &info); /* playback only */
+}
+
+/*
+ * set the mute status of the given audio
+ */
+static int vx_set_audio_gain(vx_core_t *chip, int audio, int capture, int level)
+{
+	struct vx_audio_level info;
+
+	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
+	info.has_level = 1;
+	info.level = level;
+	chip->audio_gain[capture][audio] = level;
+	return vx_adjust_audio_level(chip, audio, capture, &info);
+}
+
+/*
+ * reset all audio levels
+ */
+static void vx_reset_audio_levels(vx_core_t *chip)
+{
+	unsigned int i, c;
+	struct vx_audio_level info;
+
+	memset(chip->audio_gain, 0, sizeof(chip->audio_gain));
+	memset(chip->audio_active, 0, sizeof(chip->audio_active));
+	memset(chip->audio_monitor, 0, sizeof(chip->audio_monitor));
+	memset(chip->audio_monitor_active, 0, sizeof(chip->audio_monitor_active));
+
+	for (c = 0; c < 2; c++) {
+		for (i = 0; i < chip->hw->num_ins * 2; i++) {
+			memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
+			if (c == 0) {
+				info.has_monitor_level = 1;
+				info.has_mute = 1;
+				info.has_monitor_mute = 1;
+			}
+			info.has_level = 1;
+			info.level = CVAL_0DB; /* default: 0dB */
+			vx_adjust_audio_level(chip, i, c, &info);
+			chip->audio_gain[c][i] = CVAL_0DB;
+			chip->audio_monitor[i] = CVAL_0DB;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * VU, peak meter record
+ */
+
+#define VU_METER_CHANNELS	2
+
+struct vx_vu_meter {
+	int saturated;
+	int vu_level;
+	int peak_level;
+};
+
+/*
+ * get the VU and peak meter values
+ * @audio: the audio index
+ * @capture: 0 = playback, 1 = capture operation
+ * @info: the array of vx_vu_meter records (size = 2).
+ */
+static int vx_get_audio_vu_meter(vx_core_t *chip, int audio, int capture, struct vx_vu_meter *info)
+{
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+	int i, err;
+
+	if (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_AUDIO_VU_PIC_METER);
+	rmh.LgStat += 2 * VU_METER_CHANNELS;
+	if (capture)
+		rmh.Cmd[0] |= COMMAND_RECORD_MASK;
+    
+        /* Add Audio IO mask */
+	rmh.Cmd[1] = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < VU_METER_CHANNELS; i++)
+		rmh.Cmd[1] |= 1 << (audio + i);
+	err = vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	/* Read response */
+	for (i = 0; i < 2 * VU_METER_CHANNELS; i +=2) {
+		info->saturated = (rmh.Stat[0] & (1 << (audio + i))) ? 1 : 0;
+		info->vu_level = rmh.Stat[i + 1];
+		info->peak_level = rmh.Stat[i + 2];
+		info++;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+   
+
+/*
+ * control API entries
+ */
+
+/*
+ * output level control
+ */
+static int vx_output_level_info(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t *uinfo)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
+	uinfo->count = 2;
+	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+	uinfo->value.integer.max = chip->hw->output_level_max;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_output_level_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int codec = kcontrol->id.index;
+	down(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = chip->output_level[codec][0];
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = chip->output_level[codec][1];
+	up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_output_level_put(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int codec = kcontrol->id.index;
+	down(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] != chip->output_level[codec][0] ||
+	    ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] != chip->output_level[codec][1]) {
+		vx_set_analog_output_level(chip, codec,
+					   ucontrol->value.integer.value[0],
+					   ucontrol->value.integer.value[1]);
+		chip->output_level[codec][0] = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
+		chip->output_level[codec][1] = ucontrol->value.integer.value[1];
+		up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t vx_control_output_level = {
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name =		"Master Playback Volume",
+	.info =		vx_output_level_info,
+	.get =		vx_output_level_get,
+	.put =		vx_output_level_put,
+};
+
+/*
+ * audio source select
+ */
+static int vx_audio_src_info(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t *uinfo)
+{
+	static char *texts_mic[3] = {
+		"Digital", "Line", "Mic"
+	};
+	static char *texts_vx2[2] = {
+		"Digital", "Analog"
+	};
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
+	uinfo->count = 1;
+	if (chip->type >= VX_TYPE_VXPOCKET) {
+		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
+		if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2)
+			uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
+		strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
+		       texts_mic[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
+	} else {
+		uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 2;
+		if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 1)
+			uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 1;
+		strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
+		       texts_vx2[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_audio_src_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = chip->audio_source_target;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_audio_src_put(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	down(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	if (chip->audio_source_target != ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0]) {
+		chip->audio_source_target = ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0];
+		vx_sync_audio_source(chip);
+		up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t vx_control_audio_src = {
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name =		"Capture Source",
+	.info =		vx_audio_src_info,
+	.get =		vx_audio_src_get,
+	.put =		vx_audio_src_put,
+};
+
+/*
+ * clock mode selection
+ */
+static int vx_clock_mode_info(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t *uinfo)
+{
+	static char *texts[3] = {
+		"Auto", "Internal", "External"
+	};
+
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_ENUMERATED;
+	uinfo->count = 1;
+	uinfo->value.enumerated.items = 3;
+	if (uinfo->value.enumerated.item > 2)
+		uinfo->value.enumerated.item = 2;
+	strcpy(uinfo->value.enumerated.name,
+	       texts[uinfo->value.enumerated.item]);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_clock_mode_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0] = chip->clock_mode;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_clock_mode_put(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	down(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	if (chip->clock_mode != ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0]) {
+		chip->clock_mode = ucontrol->value.enumerated.item[0];
+		vx_set_clock(chip, chip->freq);
+		up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t vx_control_clock_mode = {
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name =		"Clock Mode",
+	.info =		vx_clock_mode_info,
+	.get =		vx_clock_mode_get,
+	.put =		vx_clock_mode_put,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Audio Gain
+ */
+static int vx_audio_gain_info(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t *uinfo)
+{
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
+	uinfo->count = 2;
+	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+	uinfo->value.integer.max = CVAL_MAX;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_audio_gain_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int audio = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
+	int capture = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 1;
+
+	down(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = chip->audio_gain[capture][audio];
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = chip->audio_gain[capture][audio+1];
+	up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_audio_gain_put(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int audio = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
+	int capture = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 1;
+
+	down(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] != chip->audio_gain[capture][audio] ||
+	    ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] != chip->audio_gain[capture][audio+1]) {
+		vx_set_audio_gain(chip, audio, capture, ucontrol->value.integer.value[0]);
+		vx_set_audio_gain(chip, audio+1, capture, ucontrol->value.integer.value[1]);
+		up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_audio_monitor_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int audio = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
+
+	down(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = chip->audio_monitor[audio];
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = chip->audio_monitor[audio+1];
+	up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_audio_monitor_put(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int audio = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
+
+	down(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] != chip->audio_monitor[audio] ||
+	    ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] != chip->audio_monitor[audio+1]) {
+		vx_set_monitor_level(chip, audio, ucontrol->value.integer.value[0],
+				     chip->audio_monitor_active[audio]);
+		vx_set_monitor_level(chip, audio+1, ucontrol->value.integer.value[1],
+				     chip->audio_monitor_active[audio+1]);
+		up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_audio_sw_info(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t *uinfo)
+{
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+	uinfo->count = 2;
+	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+	uinfo->value.integer.max = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_audio_sw_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int audio = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
+
+	down(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = chip->audio_active[audio];
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = chip->audio_active[audio+1];
+	up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_audio_sw_put(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int audio = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
+
+	down(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] != chip->audio_active[audio] ||
+	    ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] != chip->audio_active[audio+1]) {
+		vx_set_audio_switch(chip, audio, ucontrol->value.integer.value[0]);
+		vx_set_audio_switch(chip, audio+1, ucontrol->value.integer.value[1]);
+		up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_monitor_sw_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int audio = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
+
+	down(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = chip->audio_monitor_active[audio];
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = chip->audio_monitor_active[audio+1];
+	up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_monitor_sw_put(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int audio = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
+
+	down(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] != chip->audio_monitor_active[audio] ||
+	    ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] != chip->audio_monitor_active[audio+1]) {
+		vx_set_monitor_level(chip, audio, chip->audio_monitor[audio],
+				     ucontrol->value.integer.value[0]);
+		vx_set_monitor_level(chip, audio+1, chip->audio_monitor[audio+1],
+				     ucontrol->value.integer.value[1]);
+		up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t vx_control_audio_gain = {
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	/* name will be filled later */
+	.info =         vx_audio_gain_info,
+	.get =          vx_audio_gain_get,
+	.put =          vx_audio_gain_put
+};
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t vx_control_output_switch = {
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name =         "PCM Playback Switch",
+	.info =         vx_audio_sw_info,
+	.get =          vx_audio_sw_get,
+	.put =          vx_audio_sw_put
+};
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t vx_control_monitor_gain = {
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name =         "Monitoring Volume",
+	.info =         vx_audio_gain_info,	/* shared */
+	.get =          vx_audio_monitor_get,
+	.put =          vx_audio_monitor_put
+};
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t vx_control_monitor_switch = {
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name =         "Monitoring Switch",
+	.info =         vx_audio_sw_info,	/* shared */
+	.get =          vx_monitor_sw_get,
+	.put =          vx_monitor_sw_put
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * IEC958 status bits
+ */
+static int vx_iec958_info(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t *uinfo)
+{
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_IEC958;
+	uinfo->count = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_iec958_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+
+	down(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] = (chip->uer_bits >> 0) & 0xff;
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] = (chip->uer_bits >> 8) & 0xff;
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[2] = (chip->uer_bits >> 16) & 0xff;
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[3] = (chip->uer_bits >> 24) & 0xff;
+	up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_iec958_mask_get(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] = 0xff;
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] = 0xff;
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[2] = 0xff;
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[3] = 0xff;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_iec958_put(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	unsigned int val;
+
+	val = (ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] << 0) |
+	      (ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] << 8) |
+	      (ucontrol->value.iec958.status[2] << 16) |
+	      (ucontrol->value.iec958.status[3] << 24);
+	down(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	if (chip->uer_bits != val) {
+		chip->uer_bits = val;
+		vx_set_iec958_status(chip, val);
+		up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	up(&chip->mixer_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t vx_control_iec958_mask = {
+	.access =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READ,
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name =		SNDRV_CTL_NAME_IEC958("",PLAYBACK,MASK),
+	.info =		vx_iec958_info,	/* shared */
+	.get =		vx_iec958_mask_get,
+};
+
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t vx_control_iec958 = {
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name =         SNDRV_CTL_NAME_IEC958("",PLAYBACK,DEFAULT),
+	.info =         vx_iec958_info,
+	.get =          vx_iec958_get,
+	.put =          vx_iec958_put
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * VU meter
+ */
+
+#define METER_MAX	0xff
+#define METER_SHIFT	16
+
+static int vx_vu_meter_info(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t *uinfo)
+{
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
+	uinfo->count = 2;
+	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+	uinfo->value.integer.max = METER_MAX;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_vu_meter_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	struct vx_vu_meter meter[2];
+	int audio = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
+	int capture = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 1;
+
+	vx_get_audio_vu_meter(chip, audio, capture, meter);
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = meter[0].vu_level >> METER_SHIFT;
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = meter[1].vu_level >> METER_SHIFT;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_peak_meter_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	struct vx_vu_meter meter[2];
+	int audio = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
+	int capture = (kcontrol->private_value >> 8) & 1;
+
+	vx_get_audio_vu_meter(chip, audio, capture, meter);
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = meter[0].peak_level >> METER_SHIFT;
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = meter[1].peak_level >> METER_SHIFT;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_saturation_info(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t *uinfo)
+{
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+	uinfo->count = 2;
+	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+	uinfo->value.integer.max = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vx_saturation_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	struct vx_vu_meter meter[2];
+	int audio = kcontrol->private_value & 0xff;
+
+	vx_get_audio_vu_meter(chip, audio, 1, meter); /* capture only */
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = meter[0].saturated;
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = meter[1].saturated;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t vx_control_vu_meter = {
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.access =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READ | SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_VOLATILE,
+	/* name will be filled later */
+	.info =		vx_vu_meter_info,
+	.get =		vx_vu_meter_get,
+};
+
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t vx_control_peak_meter = {
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.access =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READ | SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_VOLATILE,
+	/* name will be filled later */
+	.info =		vx_vu_meter_info,	/* shared */
+	.get =		vx_peak_meter_get,
+};
+
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t vx_control_saturation = {
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name =		"Input Saturation",
+	.access =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READ | SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_VOLATILE,
+	.info =		vx_saturation_info,
+	.get =		vx_saturation_get,
+};
+
+
+
+/*
+ *
+ */
+
+int snd_vx_mixer_new(vx_core_t *chip)
+{
+	unsigned int i, c;
+	int err;
+	snd_kcontrol_new_t temp;
+	snd_card_t *card = chip->card;
+	char name[32];
+
+	strcpy(card->mixername, card->driver);
+
+	/* output level controls */
+	for (i = 0; i < chip->hw->num_outs; i++) {
+		temp = vx_control_output_level;
+		temp.index = i;
+		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&temp, chip))) < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	/* PCM volumes, switches, monitoring */
+	for (i = 0; i < chip->hw->num_outs; i++) {
+		int val = i * 2;
+		temp = vx_control_audio_gain;
+		temp.index = i;
+		temp.name = "PCM Playback Volume";
+		temp.private_value = val;
+		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&temp, chip))) < 0)
+			return err;
+		temp = vx_control_output_switch;
+		temp.index = i;
+		temp.private_value = val;
+		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&temp, chip))) < 0)
+			return err;
+		temp = vx_control_monitor_gain;
+		temp.index = i;
+		temp.private_value = val;
+		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&temp, chip))) < 0)
+			return err;
+		temp = vx_control_monitor_switch;
+		temp.index = i;
+		temp.private_value = val;
+		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&temp, chip))) < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < chip->hw->num_outs; i++) {
+		temp = vx_control_audio_gain;
+		temp.index = i;
+		temp.name = "PCM Capture Volume";
+		temp.private_value = (i * 2) | (1 << 8);
+		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&temp, chip))) < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	/* Audio source */
+	if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&vx_control_audio_src, chip))) < 0)
+		return err;
+	/* clock mode */
+	if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&vx_control_clock_mode, chip))) < 0)
+		return err;
+	/* IEC958 controls */
+	if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&vx_control_iec958_mask, chip))) < 0)
+		return err;
+	if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&vx_control_iec958, chip))) < 0)
+		return err;
+	/* VU, peak, saturation meters */
+	for (c = 0; c < 2; c++) {
+		static char *dir[2] = { "Output", "Input" };
+		for (i = 0; i < chip->hw->num_ins; i++) {
+			int val = (i * 2) | (c << 8);
+			if (c == 1) {
+				temp = vx_control_saturation;
+				temp.index = i;
+				temp.private_value = val;
+				if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&temp, chip))) < 0)
+					return err;
+			}
+			sprintf(name, "%s VU Meter", dir[c]);
+			temp = vx_control_vu_meter;
+			temp.index = i;
+			temp.name = name;
+			temp.private_value = val;
+			if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&temp, chip))) < 0)
+				return err;
+			sprintf(name, "%s Peak Meter", dir[c]);
+			temp = vx_control_peak_meter;
+			temp.index = i;
+			temp.name = name;
+			temp.private_value = val;
+			if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&temp, chip))) < 0)
+				return err;
+		}
+	}
+	vx_reset_audio_levels(chip);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_pcm.c b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_pcm.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9858717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_pcm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1312 @@
+/*
+ * Driver for Digigram VX soundcards
+ *
+ * PCM part
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2002,2003 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ *
+ *
+ * STRATEGY
+ *  for playback, we send series of "chunks", which size is equal with the
+ *  IBL size, typically 126 samples.  at each end of chunk, the end-of-buffer
+ *  interrupt is notified, and the interrupt handler will feed the next chunk.
+ *
+ *  the current position is calculated from the sample count RMH.
+ *  pipe->transferred is the counter of data which has been already transferred.
+ *  if this counter reaches to the period size, snd_pcm_period_elapsed() will
+ *  be issued.
+ *
+ *  for capture, the situation is much easier.
+ *  to get a low latency response, we'll check the capture streams at each
+ *  interrupt (capture stream has no EOB notification).  if the pending
+ *  data is accumulated to the period size, snd_pcm_period_elapsed() is
+ *  called and the pointer is updated.
+ *
+ *  the current point of read buffer is kept in pipe->hw_ptr.  note that
+ *  this is in bytes.
+ *
+ *
+ * TODO
+ *  - linked trigger for full-duplex mode.
+ *  - scheduled action on the stream.
+ */
+
+#include <sound/driver.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/asoundef.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+#include <sound/vx_core.h>
+#include "vx_cmd.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * we use a vmalloc'ed (sg-)buffer
+ */
+
+/* get the physical page pointer on the given offset */
+static struct page *snd_pcm_get_vmalloc_page(snd_pcm_substream_t *subs, unsigned long offset)
+{
+	void *pageptr = subs->runtime->dma_area + offset;
+	return vmalloc_to_page(pageptr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * allocate a buffer via vmalloc_32().
+ * called from hw_params
+ * NOTE: this may be called not only once per pcm open!
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(snd_pcm_substream_t *subs, size_t size)
+{
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = subs->runtime;
+	if (runtime->dma_area) {
+		/* already allocated */
+		if (runtime->dma_bytes >= size)
+			return 0; /* already enough large */
+		vfree_nocheck(runtime->dma_area); /* bypass the memory wrapper */
+	}
+	runtime->dma_area = vmalloc_32(size);
+	if (! runtime->dma_area)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	memset(runtime->dma_area, 0, size);
+	runtime->dma_bytes = size;
+	return 1; /* changed */
+}
+
+/*
+ * free the buffer.
+ * called from hw_free callback
+ * NOTE: this may be called not only once per pcm open!
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_free_vmalloc_buffer(snd_pcm_substream_t *subs)
+{
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = subs->runtime;
+	if (runtime->dma_area) {
+		vfree_nocheck(runtime->dma_area); /* bypass the memory wrapper */
+		runtime->dma_area = NULL;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * read three pending pcm bytes via inb()
+ */
+static void vx_pcm_read_per_bytes(vx_core_t *chip, snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime, vx_pipe_t *pipe)
+{
+	int offset = pipe->hw_ptr;
+	unsigned char *buf = (unsigned char *)(runtime->dma_area + offset);
+	*buf++ = vx_inb(chip, RXH);
+	if (++offset >= pipe->buffer_bytes) {
+		offset = 0;
+		buf = (unsigned char *)runtime->dma_area;
+	}
+	*buf++ = vx_inb(chip, RXM);
+	if (++offset >= pipe->buffer_bytes) {
+		offset = 0;
+		buf = (unsigned char *)runtime->dma_area;
+	}
+	*buf++ = vx_inb(chip, RXL);
+	if (++offset >= pipe->buffer_bytes) {
+		offset = 0;
+		buf = (unsigned char *)runtime->dma_area;
+	}
+	pipe->hw_ptr = offset;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_set_pcx_time - convert from the PC time to the RMH status time.
+ * @pc_time: the pointer for the PC-time to set
+ * @dsp_time: the pointer for RMH status time array
+ */
+static void vx_set_pcx_time(vx_core_t *chip, pcx_time_t *pc_time, unsigned int *dsp_time)
+{
+	dsp_time[0] = (unsigned int)((*pc_time) >> 24) & PCX_TIME_HI_MASK;
+	dsp_time[1] = (unsigned int)(*pc_time) &  MASK_DSP_WORD;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_set_differed_time - set the differed time if specified
+ * @rmh: the rmh record to modify
+ * @pipe: the pipe to be checked
+ *
+ * if the pipe is programmed with the differed time, set the DSP time
+ * on the rmh and changes its command length.
+ *
+ * returns the increase of the command length.
+ */
+static int vx_set_differed_time(vx_core_t *chip, struct vx_rmh *rmh, vx_pipe_t *pipe)
+{
+	/* Update The length added to the RMH command by the timestamp */
+	if (! (pipe->differed_type & DC_DIFFERED_DELAY))
+		return 0;
+		
+	/* Set the T bit */
+	rmh->Cmd[0] |= DSP_DIFFERED_COMMAND_MASK;
+
+	/* Time stamp is the 1st following parameter */
+	vx_set_pcx_time(chip, &pipe->pcx_time, &rmh->Cmd[1]);
+
+	/* Add the flags to a notified differed command */
+	if (pipe->differed_type & DC_NOTIFY_DELAY)
+		rmh->Cmd[1] |= NOTIFY_MASK_TIME_HIGH ;
+
+	/* Add the flags to a multiple differed command */
+	if (pipe->differed_type & DC_MULTIPLE_DELAY)
+		rmh->Cmd[1] |= MULTIPLE_MASK_TIME_HIGH;
+
+	/* Add the flags to a stream-time differed command */
+	if (pipe->differed_type & DC_STREAM_TIME_DELAY)
+		rmh->Cmd[1] |= STREAM_MASK_TIME_HIGH;
+		
+	rmh->LgCmd += 2;
+	return 2;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_set_stream_format - send the stream format command
+ * @pipe: the affected pipe
+ * @data: format bitmask
+ */
+static int vx_set_stream_format(vx_core_t *chip, vx_pipe_t *pipe, unsigned int data)
+{
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, pipe->is_capture ?
+		    CMD_FORMAT_STREAM_IN : CMD_FORMAT_STREAM_OUT);
+	rmh.Cmd[0] |= pipe->number << FIELD_SIZE;
+
+        /* Command might be longer since we may have to add a timestamp */
+	vx_set_differed_time(chip, &rmh, pipe);
+
+	rmh.Cmd[rmh.LgCmd] = (data & 0xFFFFFF00) >> 8;
+	rmh.Cmd[rmh.LgCmd + 1] = (data & 0xFF) << 16 /*| (datal & 0xFFFF00) >> 8*/;
+	rmh.LgCmd += 2;
+    
+	return vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_set_format - set the format of a pipe
+ * @pipe: the affected pipe
+ * @runtime: pcm runtime instance to be referred
+ *
+ * returns 0 if successful, or a negative error code.
+ */
+static int vx_set_format(vx_core_t *chip, vx_pipe_t *pipe,
+			 snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime)
+{
+	unsigned int header = HEADER_FMT_BASE;
+
+	if (runtime->channels == 1)
+		header |= HEADER_FMT_MONO;
+	if (snd_pcm_format_little_endian(runtime->format))
+		header |= HEADER_FMT_INTEL;
+	if (runtime->rate < 32000 && runtime->rate > 11025)
+		header |= HEADER_FMT_UPTO32;
+	else if (runtime->rate <= 11025)
+		header |= HEADER_FMT_UPTO11;
+
+	switch (snd_pcm_format_physical_width(runtime->format)) {
+	// case 8: break;
+	case 16: header |= HEADER_FMT_16BITS; break;
+	case 24: header |= HEADER_FMT_24BITS; break;
+	default : 
+		snd_BUG();
+		return -EINVAL;
+        };
+
+	return vx_set_stream_format(chip, pipe, header);
+}
+
+/*
+ * set / query the IBL size
+ */
+static int vx_set_ibl(vx_core_t *chip, struct vx_ibl_info *info)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_IBL);
+	rmh.Cmd[0] |= info->size & 0x03ffff;
+	err = vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	info->size = rmh.Stat[0];
+	info->max_size = rmh.Stat[1];
+	info->min_size = rmh.Stat[2];
+	info->granularity = rmh.Stat[3];
+	snd_printdd(KERN_DEBUG "vx_set_ibl: size = %d, max = %d, min = %d, gran = %d\n",
+		   info->size, info->max_size, info->min_size, info->granularity);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_get_pipe_state - get the state of a pipe
+ * @pipe: the pipe to be checked
+ * @state: the pointer for the returned state
+ *
+ * checks the state of a given pipe, and stores the state (1 = running,
+ * 0 = paused) on the given pointer.
+ *
+ * called from trigger callback only
+ */
+static int vx_get_pipe_state(vx_core_t *chip, vx_pipe_t *pipe, int *state)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_PIPE_STATE);
+	vx_set_pipe_cmd_params(&rmh, pipe->is_capture, pipe->number, 0);
+	err = vx_send_msg_nolock(chip, &rmh); /* no lock needed for trigger */ 
+	if (! err)
+		*state = (rmh.Stat[0] & (1 << pipe->number)) ? 1 : 0;
+	return err;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_query_hbuffer_size - query available h-buffer size in bytes
+ * @pipe: the pipe to be checked
+ *
+ * return the available size on h-buffer in bytes,
+ * or a negative error code.
+ *
+ * NOTE: calling this function always switches to the stream mode.
+ *       you'll need to disconnect the host to get back to the
+ *       normal mode.
+ */
+static int vx_query_hbuffer_size(vx_core_t *chip, vx_pipe_t *pipe)
+{
+	int result;
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_SIZE_HBUFFER);
+	vx_set_pipe_cmd_params(&rmh, pipe->is_capture, pipe->number, 0);
+	if (pipe->is_capture)
+		rmh.Cmd[0] |= 0x00000001;
+	result = vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh);
+	if (! result)
+		result = rmh.Stat[0] & 0xffff;
+	return result;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_pipe_can_start - query whether a pipe is ready for start
+ * @pipe: the pipe to be checked
+ *
+ * return 1 if ready, 0 if not ready, and negative value on error.
+ *
+ * called from trigger callback only
+ */
+static int vx_pipe_can_start(vx_core_t *chip, vx_pipe_t *pipe)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+        
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_CAN_START_PIPE);
+	vx_set_pipe_cmd_params(&rmh, pipe->is_capture, pipe->number, 0);
+	rmh.Cmd[0] |= 1;
+
+	err = vx_send_msg_nolock(chip, &rmh); /* no lock needed for trigger */ 
+	if (! err) {
+		if (rmh.Stat[0])
+			err = 1;
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_conf_pipe - tell the pipe to stand by and wait for IRQA.
+ * @pipe: the pipe to be configured
+ */
+static int vx_conf_pipe(vx_core_t *chip, vx_pipe_t *pipe)
+{
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_CONF_PIPE);
+	if (pipe->is_capture)
+		rmh.Cmd[0] |= COMMAND_RECORD_MASK;
+	rmh.Cmd[1] = 1 << pipe->number;
+	return vx_send_msg_nolock(chip, &rmh); /* no lock needed for trigger */
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_send_irqa - trigger IRQA
+ */
+static int vx_send_irqa(vx_core_t *chip)
+{
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_SEND_IRQA);
+	return vx_send_msg_nolock(chip, &rmh); /* no lock needed for trigger */ 
+}
+
+
+#define MAX_WAIT_FOR_DSP        250
+/*
+ * vx boards do not support inter-card sync, besides
+ * only 126 samples require to be prepared before a pipe can start
+ */
+#define CAN_START_DELAY         2	/* wait 2ms only before asking if the pipe is ready*/
+#define WAIT_STATE_DELAY        2	/* wait 2ms after irqA was requested and check if the pipe state toggled*/
+
+/*
+ * vx_toggle_pipe - start / pause a pipe
+ * @pipe: the pipe to be triggered
+ * @state: start = 1, pause = 0
+ *
+ * called from trigger callback only
+ *
+ */
+static int vx_toggle_pipe(vx_core_t *chip, vx_pipe_t *pipe, int state)
+{
+	int err, i, cur_state;
+
+	/* Check the pipe is not already in the requested state */
+	if (vx_get_pipe_state(chip, pipe, &cur_state) < 0)
+		return -EBADFD;
+	if (state == cur_state)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* If a start is requested, ask the DSP to get prepared
+	 * and wait for a positive acknowledge (when there are
+	 * enough sound buffer for this pipe)
+	 */
+	if (state) {
+		for (i = 0 ; i < MAX_WAIT_FOR_DSP; i++) {
+			err = vx_pipe_can_start(chip, pipe);
+			if (err > 0)
+				break;
+			/* Wait for a few, before asking again
+			 * to avoid flooding the DSP with our requests
+			 */
+			mdelay(1);
+		}
+	}
+    
+	if ((err = vx_conf_pipe(chip, pipe)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	if ((err = vx_send_irqa(chip)) < 0)
+		return err;
+    
+	/* If it completes successfully, wait for the pipes
+	 * reaching the expected state before returning
+	 * Check one pipe only (since they are synchronous)
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < MAX_WAIT_FOR_DSP; i++) {
+		err = vx_get_pipe_state(chip, pipe, &cur_state);
+		if (err < 0 || cur_state == state)
+			break;
+		err = -EIO;
+		mdelay(1);
+	}
+	return err < 0 ? -EIO : 0;
+}
+
+    
+/*
+ * vx_stop_pipe - stop a pipe
+ * @pipe: the pipe to be stopped
+ *
+ * called from trigger callback only
+ */
+static int vx_stop_pipe(vx_core_t *chip, vx_pipe_t *pipe)
+{
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_STOP_PIPE);
+	vx_set_pipe_cmd_params(&rmh, pipe->is_capture, pipe->number, 0);
+	return vx_send_msg_nolock(chip, &rmh); /* no lock needed for trigger */ 
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_alloc_pipe - allocate a pipe and initialize the pipe instance
+ * @capture: 0 = playback, 1 = capture operation
+ * @audioid: the audio id to be assigned
+ * @num_audio: number of audio channels
+ * @pipep: the returned pipe instance
+ *
+ * return 0 on success, or a negative error code.
+ */
+static int vx_alloc_pipe(vx_core_t *chip, int capture,
+			 int audioid, int num_audio,
+			 vx_pipe_t **pipep)
+{
+	int err;
+	vx_pipe_t *pipe;
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+	int data_mode;
+
+	*pipep = NULL;
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_RES_PIPE);
+	vx_set_pipe_cmd_params(&rmh, capture, audioid, num_audio);
+#if 0	// NYI
+	if (underrun_skip_sound)
+		rmh.Cmd[0] |= BIT_SKIP_SOUND;
+#endif	// NYI
+	data_mode = (chip->uer_bits & IEC958_AES0_NONAUDIO) != 0;
+	if (! capture && data_mode)
+		rmh.Cmd[0] |= BIT_DATA_MODE;
+	err = vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	/* initialize the pipe record */
+	pipe = kcalloc(1, sizeof(*pipe), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (! pipe) {
+		/* release the pipe */
+		vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_FREE_PIPE);
+		vx_set_pipe_cmd_params(&rmh, capture, audioid, 0);
+		vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	/* the pipe index should be identical with the audio index */
+	pipe->number = audioid;
+	pipe->is_capture = capture;
+	pipe->channels = num_audio;
+	pipe->differed_type = 0;
+	pipe->pcx_time = 0;
+	pipe->data_mode = data_mode;
+	*pipep = pipe;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_free_pipe - release a pipe
+ * @pipe: pipe to be released
+ */
+static int vx_free_pipe(vx_core_t *chip, vx_pipe_t *pipe)
+{
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_FREE_PIPE);
+	vx_set_pipe_cmd_params(&rmh, pipe->is_capture, pipe->number, 0);
+	vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh);
+
+	kfree(pipe);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_start_stream - start the stream
+ *
+ * called from trigger callback only
+ */
+static int vx_start_stream(vx_core_t *chip, vx_pipe_t *pipe)
+{
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_START_ONE_STREAM);
+	vx_set_stream_cmd_params(&rmh, pipe->is_capture, pipe->number);
+	vx_set_differed_time(chip, &rmh, pipe);
+	return vx_send_msg_nolock(chip, &rmh); /* no lock needed for trigger */ 
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_stop_stream - stop the stream
+ *
+ * called from trigger callback only
+ */
+static int vx_stop_stream(vx_core_t *chip, vx_pipe_t *pipe)
+{
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_STOP_STREAM);
+	vx_set_stream_cmd_params(&rmh, pipe->is_capture, pipe->number);
+	return vx_send_msg_nolock(chip, &rmh); /* no lock needed for trigger */ 
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * playback hw information
+ */
+
+static snd_pcm_hardware_t vx_pcm_playback_hw = {
+	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME),
+	.formats =		/*SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8 |*/ SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_3LE,
+	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_48000,
+	.rate_min =		5000,
+	.rate_max =		48000,
+	.channels_min =		1,
+	.channels_max =		2,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.period_bytes_min =	126,
+	.period_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.periods_min =		2,
+	.periods_max =		VX_MAX_PERIODS,
+	.fifo_size =		126,
+};
+
+
+static void vx_pcm_delayed_start(unsigned long arg);
+
+/*
+ * vx_pcm_playback_open - open callback for playback
+ */
+static int vx_pcm_playback_open(snd_pcm_substream_t *subs)
+{
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = subs->runtime;
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(subs);
+	vx_pipe_t *pipe = NULL;
+	unsigned int audio;
+	int err;
+
+	if (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	audio = subs->pcm->device * 2;
+	snd_assert(audio < chip->audio_outs, return -EINVAL);
+	
+	/* playback pipe may have been already allocated for monitoring */
+	pipe = chip->playback_pipes[audio];
+	if (! pipe) {
+		/* not allocated yet */
+		err = vx_alloc_pipe(chip, 0, audio, 2, &pipe); /* stereo playback */
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		chip->playback_pipes[audio] = pipe;
+	}
+	/* open for playback */
+	pipe->references++;
+
+	pipe->substream = subs;
+	tasklet_init(&pipe->start_tq, vx_pcm_delayed_start, (unsigned long)subs);
+	chip->playback_pipes[audio] = pipe;
+
+	runtime->hw = vx_pcm_playback_hw;
+	runtime->hw.period_bytes_min = chip->ibl.size;
+	runtime->private_data = pipe;
+
+	/* align to 4 bytes (otherwise will be problematic when 24bit is used) */ 
+	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, 4);
+	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, 4);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_pcm_playback_close - close callback for playback
+ */
+static int vx_pcm_playback_close(snd_pcm_substream_t *subs)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(subs);
+	vx_pipe_t *pipe;
+
+	if (! subs->runtime->private_data)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	pipe = subs->runtime->private_data;
+
+	if (--pipe->references == 0) {
+		chip->playback_pipes[pipe->number] = NULL;
+		vx_free_pipe(chip, pipe);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_notify_end_of_buffer - send "end-of-buffer" notifier at the given pipe
+ * @pipe: the pipe to notify
+ *
+ * NB: call with a certain lock.
+ */
+static int vx_notify_end_of_buffer(vx_core_t *chip, vx_pipe_t *pipe)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;  /* use a temporary rmh here */
+
+	/* Toggle Dsp Host Interface into Message mode */
+	vx_send_rih_nolock(chip, IRQ_PAUSE_START_CONNECT);
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_NOTIFY_END_OF_BUFFER);
+	vx_set_stream_cmd_params(&rmh, 0, pipe->number);
+	err = vx_send_msg_nolock(chip, &rmh);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	/* Toggle Dsp Host Interface back to sound transfer mode */
+	vx_send_rih_nolock(chip, IRQ_PAUSE_START_CONNECT);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_pcm_playback_transfer_chunk - transfer a single chunk
+ * @subs: substream
+ * @pipe: the pipe to transfer
+ * @size: chunk size in bytes
+ *
+ * transfer a single buffer chunk.  EOB notificaton is added after that.
+ * called from the interrupt handler, too.
+ *
+ * return 0 if ok.
+ */
+static int vx_pcm_playback_transfer_chunk(vx_core_t *chip, snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime, vx_pipe_t *pipe, int size)
+{
+	int space, err = 0;
+
+	space = vx_query_hbuffer_size(chip, pipe);
+	if (space < 0) {
+		/* disconnect the host, SIZE_HBUF command always switches to the stream mode */
+		vx_send_rih(chip, IRQ_CONNECT_STREAM_NEXT);
+		snd_printd("error hbuffer\n");
+		return space;
+	}
+	if (space < size) {
+		vx_send_rih(chip, IRQ_CONNECT_STREAM_NEXT);
+		snd_printd("no enough hbuffer space %d\n", space);
+		return -EIO; /* XRUN */
+	}
+		
+	/* we don't need irqsave here, because this function
+	 * is called from either trigger callback or irq handler
+	 */
+	spin_lock(&chip->lock); 
+	vx_pseudo_dma_write(chip, runtime, pipe, size);
+	err = vx_notify_end_of_buffer(chip, pipe);
+	/* disconnect the host, SIZE_HBUF command always switches to the stream mode */
+	vx_send_rih_nolock(chip, IRQ_CONNECT_STREAM_NEXT);
+	spin_unlock(&chip->lock);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * update the position of the given pipe.
+ * pipe->position is updated and wrapped within the buffer size.
+ * pipe->transferred is updated, too, but the size is not wrapped,
+ * so that the caller can check the total transferred size later
+ * (to call snd_pcm_period_elapsed).
+ */
+static int vx_update_pipe_position(vx_core_t *chip, snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime, vx_pipe_t *pipe)
+{
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+	int err, update;
+	u64 count;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_STREAM_SAMPLE_COUNT);
+	vx_set_pipe_cmd_params(&rmh, pipe->is_capture, pipe->number, 0);
+	err = vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	count = ((u64)(rmh.Stat[0] & 0xfffff) << 24) | (u64)rmh.Stat[1];
+	update = (int)(count - pipe->cur_count);
+	pipe->cur_count = count;
+	pipe->position += update;
+	if (pipe->position >= (int)runtime->buffer_size)
+		pipe->position %= runtime->buffer_size;
+	pipe->transferred += update;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * transfer the pending playback buffer data to DSP
+ * called from interrupt handler
+ */
+static void vx_pcm_playback_transfer(vx_core_t *chip, snd_pcm_substream_t *subs, vx_pipe_t *pipe, int nchunks)
+{
+	int i, err;
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = subs->runtime;
+
+	if (! pipe->prepared || (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE))
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < nchunks; i++) {
+		if ((err = vx_pcm_playback_transfer_chunk(chip, runtime, pipe,
+							  chip->ibl.size)) < 0)
+			return;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * update the playback position and call snd_pcm_period_elapsed() if necessary
+ * called from interrupt handler
+ */
+static void vx_pcm_playback_update(vx_core_t *chip, snd_pcm_substream_t *subs, vx_pipe_t *pipe)
+{
+	int err;
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = subs->runtime;
+
+	if (pipe->running && ! (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)) {
+		if ((err = vx_update_pipe_position(chip, runtime, pipe)) < 0)
+			return;
+		if (pipe->transferred >= (int)runtime->period_size) {
+			pipe->transferred %= runtime->period_size;
+			snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * start the stream and pipe.
+ * this function is called from tasklet, which is invoked by the trigger
+ * START callback.
+ */
+static void vx_pcm_delayed_start(unsigned long arg)
+{
+	snd_pcm_substream_t *subs = (snd_pcm_substream_t *)arg;
+	vx_core_t *chip = subs->pcm->private_data;
+	vx_pipe_t *pipe = subs->runtime->private_data;
+	int err;
+
+	/*  printk( KERN_DEBUG "DDDD tasklet delayed start jiffies = %ld\n", jiffies);*/
+
+	if ((err = vx_start_stream(chip, pipe)) < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "vx: cannot start stream\n");
+		return;
+	}
+	if ((err = vx_toggle_pipe(chip, pipe, 1)) < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "vx: cannot start pipe\n");
+		return;
+	}
+	/*   printk( KERN_DEBUG "dddd tasklet delayed start jiffies = %ld \n", jiffies);*/
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_pcm_playback_trigger - trigger callback for playback
+ */
+static int vx_pcm_trigger(snd_pcm_substream_t *subs, int cmd)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(subs);
+	vx_pipe_t *pipe = subs->runtime->private_data;
+	int err;
+
+	if (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)
+		return -EBUSY;
+		
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME:
+		if (! pipe->is_capture)
+			vx_pcm_playback_transfer(chip, subs, pipe, 2);
+		/* FIXME:
+		 * we trigger the pipe using tasklet, so that the interrupts are
+		 * issued surely after the trigger is completed.
+		 */ 
+		tasklet_hi_schedule(&pipe->start_tq);
+		chip->pcm_running++;
+		pipe->running = 1;
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
+		vx_toggle_pipe(chip, pipe, 0);
+		vx_stop_pipe(chip, pipe);
+		vx_stop_stream(chip, pipe);
+		chip->pcm_running--;
+		pipe->running = 0;
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+		if ((err = vx_toggle_pipe(chip, pipe, 0)) < 0)
+			return err;
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+		if ((err = vx_toggle_pipe(chip, pipe, 1)) < 0)
+			return err;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_pcm_playback_pointer - pointer callback for playback
+ */
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t vx_pcm_playback_pointer(snd_pcm_substream_t *subs)
+{
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = subs->runtime;
+	vx_pipe_t *pipe = runtime->private_data;
+	return pipe->position;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_pcm_hw_params - hw_params callback for playback and capture
+ */
+static int vx_pcm_hw_params(snd_pcm_substream_t *subs,
+				     snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hw_params)
+{
+	return snd_pcm_alloc_vmalloc_buffer(subs, params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_pcm_hw_free - hw_free callback for playback and capture
+ */
+static int vx_pcm_hw_free(snd_pcm_substream_t *subs)
+{
+	return snd_pcm_free_vmalloc_buffer(subs);
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_pcm_prepare - prepare callback for playback and capture
+ */
+static int vx_pcm_prepare(snd_pcm_substream_t *subs)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(subs);
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = subs->runtime;
+	vx_pipe_t *pipe = runtime->private_data;
+	int err, data_mode;
+	// int max_size, nchunks;
+
+	if (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	data_mode = (chip->uer_bits & IEC958_AES0_NONAUDIO) != 0;
+	if (data_mode != pipe->data_mode && ! pipe->is_capture) {
+		/* IEC958 status (raw-mode) was changed */
+		/* we reopen the pipe */
+		struct vx_rmh rmh;
+		snd_printdd(KERN_DEBUG "reopen the pipe with data_mode = %d\n", data_mode);
+		vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_FREE_PIPE);
+		vx_set_pipe_cmd_params(&rmh, 0, pipe->number, 0);
+		if ((err = vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh)) < 0)
+			return err;
+		vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_RES_PIPE);
+		vx_set_pipe_cmd_params(&rmh, 0, pipe->number, pipe->channels);
+		if (data_mode)
+			rmh.Cmd[0] |= BIT_DATA_MODE;
+		if ((err = vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh)) < 0)
+			return err;
+		pipe->data_mode = data_mode;
+	}
+
+	if (chip->pcm_running && chip->freq != runtime->rate) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "vx: cannot set different clock %d from the current %d\n", runtime->rate, chip->freq);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	vx_set_clock(chip, runtime->rate);
+
+	if ((err = vx_set_format(chip, pipe, runtime)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	if (vx_is_pcmcia(chip)) {
+		pipe->align = 2; /* 16bit word */
+	} else {
+		pipe->align = 4; /* 32bit word */
+	}
+
+	pipe->buffer_bytes = frames_to_bytes(runtime, runtime->buffer_size);
+	pipe->period_bytes = frames_to_bytes(runtime, runtime->period_size);
+	pipe->hw_ptr = 0;
+
+	/* set the timestamp */
+	vx_update_pipe_position(chip, runtime, pipe);
+	/* clear again */
+	pipe->transferred = 0;
+	pipe->position = 0;
+
+	pipe->prepared = 1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * operators for PCM playback
+ */
+static snd_pcm_ops_t vx_pcm_playback_ops = {
+	.open =		vx_pcm_playback_open,
+	.close =	vx_pcm_playback_close,
+	.ioctl =	snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =	vx_pcm_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =	vx_pcm_hw_free,
+	.prepare =	vx_pcm_prepare,
+	.trigger =	vx_pcm_trigger,
+	.pointer =	vx_pcm_playback_pointer,
+	.page =		snd_pcm_get_vmalloc_page,
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * playback hw information
+ */
+
+static snd_pcm_hardware_t vx_pcm_capture_hw = {
+	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME),
+	.formats =		/*SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8 |*/ SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S24_3LE,
+	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_48000,
+	.rate_min =		5000,
+	.rate_max =		48000,
+	.channels_min =		1,
+	.channels_max =		2,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.period_bytes_min =	126,
+	.period_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.periods_min =		2,
+	.periods_max =		VX_MAX_PERIODS,
+	.fifo_size =		126,
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_pcm_capture_open - open callback for capture
+ */
+static int vx_pcm_capture_open(snd_pcm_substream_t *subs)
+{
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = subs->runtime;
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(subs);
+	vx_pipe_t *pipe;
+	vx_pipe_t *pipe_out_monitoring = NULL;
+	unsigned int audio;
+	int err;
+
+	if (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)
+		return -EBUSY;
+
+	audio = subs->pcm->device * 2;
+	snd_assert(audio < chip->audio_ins, return -EINVAL);
+	err = vx_alloc_pipe(chip, 1, audio, 2, &pipe);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	pipe->substream = subs;
+	tasklet_init(&pipe->start_tq, vx_pcm_delayed_start, (unsigned long)subs);
+	chip->capture_pipes[audio] = pipe;
+
+	/* check if monitoring is needed */
+	if (chip->audio_monitor_active[audio]) {
+		pipe_out_monitoring = chip->playback_pipes[audio];
+		if (! pipe_out_monitoring) {
+			/* allocate a pipe */
+			err = vx_alloc_pipe(chip, 0, audio, 2, &pipe_out_monitoring);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+			chip->playback_pipes[audio] = pipe_out_monitoring;
+		}
+		pipe_out_monitoring->references++;
+		/* 
+		   if an output pipe is available, it's audios still may need to be 
+		   unmuted. hence we'll have to call a mixer entry point.
+		*/
+		vx_set_monitor_level(chip, audio, chip->audio_monitor[audio], chip->audio_monitor_active[audio]);
+		/* assuming stereo */
+		vx_set_monitor_level(chip, audio+1, chip->audio_monitor[audio+1], chip->audio_monitor_active[audio+1]); 
+	}
+
+	pipe->monitoring_pipe = pipe_out_monitoring; /* default value NULL */
+
+	runtime->hw = vx_pcm_capture_hw;
+	runtime->hw.period_bytes_min = chip->ibl.size;
+	runtime->private_data = pipe;
+
+	/* align to 4 bytes (otherwise will be problematic when 24bit is used) */ 
+	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, 4);
+	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, 4);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_pcm_capture_close - close callback for capture
+ */
+static int vx_pcm_capture_close(snd_pcm_substream_t *subs)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = snd_pcm_substream_chip(subs);
+	vx_pipe_t *pipe;
+	vx_pipe_t *pipe_out_monitoring;
+	
+	if (! subs->runtime->private_data)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	pipe = subs->runtime->private_data;
+	chip->capture_pipes[pipe->number] = NULL;
+
+	pipe_out_monitoring = pipe->monitoring_pipe;
+
+	/*
+	  if an output pipe is attached to this input, 
+	  check if it needs to be released.
+	*/
+	if (pipe_out_monitoring) {
+		if (--pipe_out_monitoring->references == 0) {
+			vx_free_pipe(chip, pipe_out_monitoring);
+			chip->playback_pipes[pipe->number] = NULL;
+			pipe->monitoring_pipe = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	vx_free_pipe(chip, pipe);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+
+#define DMA_READ_ALIGN	6	/* hardware alignment for read */
+
+/*
+ * vx_pcm_capture_update - update the capture buffer
+ */
+static void vx_pcm_capture_update(vx_core_t *chip, snd_pcm_substream_t *subs, vx_pipe_t *pipe)
+{
+	int size, space, count;
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = subs->runtime;
+
+	if (! pipe->prepared || (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE))
+		return;
+
+	size = runtime->buffer_size - snd_pcm_capture_avail(runtime);
+	if (! size)
+		return;
+	size = frames_to_bytes(runtime, size);
+	space = vx_query_hbuffer_size(chip, pipe);
+	if (space < 0)
+		goto _error;
+	if (size > space)
+		size = space;
+	size = (size / 3) * 3; /* align to 3 bytes */
+	if (size < DMA_READ_ALIGN)
+		goto _error;
+
+	/* keep the last 6 bytes, they will be read after disconnection */
+	count = size - DMA_READ_ALIGN;
+	/* read bytes until the current pointer reaches to the aligned position
+	 * for word-transfer
+	 */
+	while (count > 0) {
+		if ((pipe->hw_ptr % pipe->align) == 0)
+			break;
+		if (vx_wait_for_rx_full(chip) < 0)
+			goto _error;
+		vx_pcm_read_per_bytes(chip, runtime, pipe);
+		count -= 3;
+	}
+	if (count > 0) {
+		/* ok, let's accelerate! */
+		int align = pipe->align * 3;
+		space = (count / align) * align;
+		vx_pseudo_dma_read(chip, runtime, pipe, space);
+		count -= space;
+	}
+	/* read the rest of bytes */
+	while (count > 0) {
+		if (vx_wait_for_rx_full(chip) < 0)
+			goto _error;
+		vx_pcm_read_per_bytes(chip, runtime, pipe);
+		count -= 3;
+	}
+	/* disconnect the host, SIZE_HBUF command always switches to the stream mode */
+	vx_send_rih_nolock(chip, IRQ_CONNECT_STREAM_NEXT);
+	/* read the last pending 6 bytes */
+	count = DMA_READ_ALIGN;
+	while (count > 0) {
+		vx_pcm_read_per_bytes(chip, runtime, pipe);
+		count -= 3;
+	}
+	/* update the position */
+	pipe->transferred += size;
+	if (pipe->transferred >= pipe->period_bytes) {
+		pipe->transferred %= pipe->period_bytes;
+		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(subs);
+	}
+	return;
+
+ _error:
+	/* disconnect the host, SIZE_HBUF command always switches to the stream mode */
+	vx_send_rih_nolock(chip, IRQ_CONNECT_STREAM_NEXT);
+	return;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_pcm_capture_pointer - pointer callback for capture
+ */
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t vx_pcm_capture_pointer(snd_pcm_substream_t *subs)
+{
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = subs->runtime;
+	vx_pipe_t *pipe = runtime->private_data;
+	return bytes_to_frames(runtime, pipe->hw_ptr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * operators for PCM capture
+ */
+static snd_pcm_ops_t vx_pcm_capture_ops = {
+	.open =		vx_pcm_capture_open,
+	.close =	vx_pcm_capture_close,
+	.ioctl =	snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =	vx_pcm_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =	vx_pcm_hw_free,
+	.prepare =	vx_pcm_prepare,
+	.trigger =	vx_pcm_trigger,
+	.pointer =	vx_pcm_capture_pointer,
+	.page =		snd_pcm_get_vmalloc_page,
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * interrupt handler for pcm streams
+ */
+void vx_pcm_update_intr(vx_core_t *chip, unsigned int events)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	vx_pipe_t *pipe;
+
+#define EVENT_MASK	(END_OF_BUFFER_EVENTS_PENDING|ASYNC_EVENTS_PENDING)
+
+	if (events & EVENT_MASK) {
+		vx_init_rmh(&chip->irq_rmh, CMD_ASYNC);
+		if (events & ASYNC_EVENTS_PENDING)
+			chip->irq_rmh.Cmd[0] |= 0x00000001;	/* SEL_ASYNC_EVENTS */
+		if (events & END_OF_BUFFER_EVENTS_PENDING)
+			chip->irq_rmh.Cmd[0] |= 0x00000002;	/* SEL_END_OF_BUF_EVENTS */
+
+		if (vx_send_msg(chip, &chip->irq_rmh) < 0) {
+			snd_printdd(KERN_ERR "msg send error!!\n");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		i = 1;
+		while (i < chip->irq_rmh.LgStat) {
+			int p, buf, capture, eob;
+			p = chip->irq_rmh.Stat[i] & MASK_FIRST_FIELD;
+			capture = (chip->irq_rmh.Stat[i] & 0x400000) ? 1 : 0;
+			eob = (chip->irq_rmh.Stat[i] & 0x800000) ? 1 : 0;
+			i++;
+			if (events & ASYNC_EVENTS_PENDING)
+				i++;
+			buf = 1; /* force to transfer */
+			if (events & END_OF_BUFFER_EVENTS_PENDING) {
+				if (eob)
+					buf = chip->irq_rmh.Stat[i];
+				i++;
+			}
+			if (capture)
+				continue;
+			snd_assert(p >= 0 && (unsigned int)p < chip->audio_outs,);
+			pipe = chip->playback_pipes[p];
+			if (pipe && pipe->substream) {
+				vx_pcm_playback_update(chip, pipe->substream, pipe);
+				vx_pcm_playback_transfer(chip, pipe->substream, pipe, buf);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* update the capture pcm pointers as frequently as possible */
+	for (i = 0; i < chip->audio_ins; i++) {
+		pipe = chip->capture_pipes[i];
+		if (pipe && pipe->substream)
+			vx_pcm_capture_update(chip, pipe->substream, pipe);
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_init_audio_io - check the availabe audio i/o and allocate pipe arrays
+ */
+static int vx_init_audio_io(vx_core_t *chip)
+{
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+	int preferred;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_SUPPORTED);
+	if (vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh) < 0) {
+		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "vx: cannot get the supported audio data\n");
+		return -ENXIO;
+	}
+
+	chip->audio_outs = rmh.Stat[0] & MASK_FIRST_FIELD;
+	chip->audio_ins = (rmh.Stat[0] >> (FIELD_SIZE*2)) & MASK_FIRST_FIELD;
+	chip->audio_info = rmh.Stat[1];
+
+	/* allocate pipes */
+	chip->playback_pipes = kmalloc(sizeof(vx_pipe_t *) * chip->audio_outs, GFP_KERNEL);
+	chip->capture_pipes = kmalloc(sizeof(vx_pipe_t *) * chip->audio_ins, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (! chip->playback_pipes || ! chip->capture_pipes)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	memset(chip->playback_pipes, 0, sizeof(vx_pipe_t *) * chip->audio_outs);
+	memset(chip->capture_pipes, 0, sizeof(vx_pipe_t *) * chip->audio_ins);
+
+	preferred = chip->ibl.size;
+	chip->ibl.size = 0;
+	vx_set_ibl(chip, &chip->ibl); /* query the info */
+	if (preferred > 0) {
+		chip->ibl.size = ((preferred + chip->ibl.granularity - 1) / chip->ibl.granularity) * chip->ibl.granularity;
+		if (chip->ibl.size > chip->ibl.max_size)
+			chip->ibl.size = chip->ibl.max_size;
+	} else
+		chip->ibl.size = chip->ibl.min_size; /* set to the minimum */
+	vx_set_ibl(chip, &chip->ibl);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * free callback for pcm
+ */
+static void snd_vx_pcm_free(snd_pcm_t *pcm)
+{
+	vx_core_t *chip = pcm->private_data;
+	chip->pcm[pcm->device] = NULL;
+	if (chip->playback_pipes) {
+		kfree(chip->playback_pipes);
+		chip->playback_pipes = NULL;
+	}
+	if (chip->capture_pipes) {
+		kfree(chip->capture_pipes);
+		chip->capture_pipes = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * snd_vx_pcm_new - create and initialize a pcm
+ */
+int snd_vx_pcm_new(vx_core_t *chip)
+{
+	snd_pcm_t *pcm;
+	unsigned int i;
+	int err;
+
+	if ((err = vx_init_audio_io(chip)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < chip->hw->num_codecs; i++) {
+		unsigned int outs, ins;
+		outs = chip->audio_outs > i * 2 ? 1 : 0;
+		ins = chip->audio_ins > i * 2 ? 1 : 0;
+		if (! outs && ! ins)
+			break;
+		err = snd_pcm_new(chip->card, "VX PCM", i,
+				  outs, ins, &pcm);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+		if (outs)
+			snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &vx_pcm_playback_ops);
+		if (ins)
+			snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &vx_pcm_capture_ops);
+
+		pcm->private_data = chip;
+		pcm->private_free = snd_vx_pcm_free;
+		pcm->info_flags = 0;
+		strcpy(pcm->name, chip->card->shortname);
+		chip->pcm[i] = pcm;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/sound/drivers/vx/vx_uer.c b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_uer.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1811471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/drivers/vx/vx_uer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+/*
+ * Driver for Digigram VX soundcards
+ *
+ * IEC958 stuff
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2002 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ */
+
+#include <sound/driver.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/vx_core.h>
+#include "vx_cmd.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_modify_board_clock - tell the board that its clock has been modified
+ * @sync: DSP needs to resynchronize its FIFO
+ */
+static int vx_modify_board_clock(vx_core_t *chip, int sync)
+{
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_MODIFY_CLOCK);
+	/* Ask the DSP to resynchronize its FIFO. */
+	if (sync)
+		rmh.Cmd[0] |= CMD_MODIFY_CLOCK_S_BIT;
+	return vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh);
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_modify_board_inputs - resync audio inputs
+ */
+static int vx_modify_board_inputs(vx_core_t *chip)
+{
+	struct vx_rmh rmh;
+
+	vx_init_rmh(&rmh, CMD_RESYNC_AUDIO_INPUTS);
+        rmh.Cmd[0] |= 1 << 0; /* reference: AUDIO 0 */
+	return vx_send_msg(chip, &rmh);
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_read_one_cbit - read one bit from UER config
+ * @index: the bit index
+ * returns 0 or 1.
+ */
+static int vx_read_one_cbit(vx_core_t *chip, int index)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int val;
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->lock, flags);
+	if (chip->type >= VX_TYPE_VXPOCKET) {
+		vx_outb(chip, CSUER, 1); /* read */
+		vx_outb(chip, RUER, index & XX_UER_CBITS_OFFSET_MASK);
+		val = (vx_inb(chip, RUER) >> 7) & 0x01;
+	} else {
+		vx_outl(chip, CSUER, 1); /* read */
+		vx_outl(chip, RUER, index & XX_UER_CBITS_OFFSET_MASK);
+		val = (vx_inl(chip, RUER) >> 7) & 0x01;
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->lock, flags);
+	return val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_write_one_cbit - write one bit to UER config
+ * @index: the bit index
+ * @val: bit value, 0 or 1
+ */
+static void vx_write_one_cbit(vx_core_t *chip, int index, int val)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	val = !!val;	/* 0 or 1 */
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->lock, flags);
+	if (vx_is_pcmcia(chip)) {
+		vx_outb(chip, CSUER, 0); /* write */
+		vx_outb(chip, RUER, (val << 7) | (index & XX_UER_CBITS_OFFSET_MASK));
+	} else {
+		vx_outl(chip, CSUER, 0); /* write */
+		vx_outl(chip, RUER, (val << 7) | (index & XX_UER_CBITS_OFFSET_MASK));
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->lock, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * vx_read_uer_status - read the current UER status
+ * @mode: pointer to store the UER mode, VX_UER_MODE_XXX
+ *
+ * returns the frequency of UER, or 0 if not sync,
+ * or a negative error code.
+ */
+static int vx_read_uer_status(vx_core_t *chip, int *mode)
+{
+	int val, freq;
+
+	/* Default values */
+	freq = 0;
+
+	/* Read UER status */
+	if (vx_is_pcmcia(chip))
+	    val = vx_inb(chip, CSUER);
+	else
+	    val = vx_inl(chip, CSUER);
+	if (val < 0)
+		return val;
+	/* If clock is present, read frequency */
+	if (val & VX_SUER_CLOCK_PRESENT_MASK) {
+		switch (val & VX_SUER_FREQ_MASK) {
+		case VX_SUER_FREQ_32KHz_MASK:
+			freq = 32000;
+			break;
+		case VX_SUER_FREQ_44KHz_MASK:
+			freq = 44100;
+			break;
+		case VX_SUER_FREQ_48KHz_MASK:
+			freq = 48000;
+			break;
+		}
+        }
+	if (val & VX_SUER_DATA_PRESENT_MASK)
+		/* bit 0 corresponds to consumer/professional bit */
+		*mode = vx_read_one_cbit(chip, 0) ?
+			VX_UER_MODE_PROFESSIONAL : VX_UER_MODE_CONSUMER;
+	else
+		*mode = VX_UER_MODE_NOT_PRESENT;
+
+	return freq;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * compute the sample clock value from frequency
+ *
+ * The formula is as follows:
+ *
+ *    HexFreq = (dword) ((double) ((double) 28224000 / (double) Frequency))
+ *    switch ( HexFreq & 0x00000F00 )
+ *    case 0x00000100: ;
+ *    case 0x00000200:
+ *    case 0x00000300: HexFreq -= 0x00000201 ;
+ *    case 0x00000400:
+ *    case 0x00000500:
+ *    case 0x00000600:
+ *    case 0x00000700: HexFreq = (dword) (((double) 28224000 / (double) (Frequency*2)) - 1)
+ *    default        : HexFreq = (dword) ((double) 28224000 / (double) (Frequency*4)) - 0x000001FF
+ */
+
+static int vx_calc_clock_from_freq(vx_core_t *chip, int freq)
+{
+#define XX_FECH48000                    0x0000004B
+#define XX_FECH32000                    0x00000171
+#define XX_FECH24000                    0x0000024B
+#define XX_FECH16000                    0x00000371
+#define XX_FECH12000                    0x0000044B
+#define XX_FECH8000                     0x00000571
+#define XX_FECH44100                    0x0000007F
+#define XX_FECH29400                    0x0000016F
+#define XX_FECH22050                    0x0000027F
+#define XX_FECH14000                    0x000003EF
+#define XX_FECH11025                    0x0000047F
+#define XX_FECH7350                     0x000005BF
+
+	switch (freq) {
+	case 48000:     return XX_FECH48000;
+	case 44100:     return XX_FECH44100;
+	case 32000:     return XX_FECH32000;
+	case 29400:     return XX_FECH29400;
+	case 24000:     return XX_FECH24000;
+	case 22050:     return XX_FECH22050;
+	case 16000:     return XX_FECH16000;
+	case 14000:     return XX_FECH14000;
+	case 12000:     return XX_FECH12000;
+	case 11025:     return XX_FECH11025;
+	case 8000:      return XX_FECH8000;
+	case 7350:      return XX_FECH7350;
+	default:        return freq;   /* The value is already correct */
+	}
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_change_clock_source - change the clock source
+ * @source: the new source
+ */
+static void vx_change_clock_source(vx_core_t *chip, int source)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	/* we mute DAC to prevent clicks */
+	vx_toggle_dac_mute(chip, 1);
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->lock, flags);
+	chip->ops->set_clock_source(chip, source);
+	chip->clock_source = source;
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->lock, flags);
+	/* unmute */
+	vx_toggle_dac_mute(chip, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * set the internal clock
+ */
+void vx_set_internal_clock(vx_core_t *chip, unsigned int freq)
+{
+	int clock;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	/* Get real clock value */
+	clock = vx_calc_clock_from_freq(chip, freq);
+	snd_printdd(KERN_DEBUG "set internal clock to 0x%x from freq %d\n", clock, freq);
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->lock, flags);
+	if (vx_is_pcmcia(chip)) {
+		vx_outb(chip, HIFREQ, (clock >> 8) & 0x0f);
+		vx_outb(chip, LOFREQ, clock & 0xff);
+	} else {
+		vx_outl(chip, HIFREQ, (clock >> 8) & 0x0f);
+		vx_outl(chip, LOFREQ, clock & 0xff);
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->lock, flags);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * set the iec958 status bits
+ * @bits: 32-bit status bits
+ */
+void vx_set_iec958_status(vx_core_t *chip, unsigned int bits)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 32; i++)
+		vx_write_one_cbit(chip, i, bits & (1 << i));
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_set_clock - change the clock and audio source if necessary
+ */
+int vx_set_clock(vx_core_t *chip, unsigned int freq)
+{
+	int src_changed = 0;
+
+	if (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* change the audio source if possible */
+	vx_sync_audio_source(chip);
+
+	if (chip->clock_mode == VX_CLOCK_MODE_EXTERNAL ||
+	    (chip->clock_mode == VX_CLOCK_MODE_AUTO &&
+	     chip->audio_source == VX_AUDIO_SRC_DIGITAL)) {
+		if (chip->clock_source != UER_SYNC) {
+			vx_change_clock_source(chip, UER_SYNC);
+			mdelay(6);
+			src_changed = 1;
+		}
+	} else if (chip->clock_mode == VX_CLOCK_MODE_INTERNAL ||
+		   (chip->clock_mode == VX_CLOCK_MODE_AUTO &&
+		    chip->audio_source != VX_AUDIO_SRC_DIGITAL)) {
+		if (chip->clock_source != INTERNAL_QUARTZ) {
+			vx_change_clock_source(chip, INTERNAL_QUARTZ);
+			src_changed = 1;
+		}
+		if (chip->freq == freq)
+			return 0;
+		vx_set_internal_clock(chip, freq);
+		if (src_changed)
+			vx_modify_board_inputs(chip);
+	}
+	if (chip->freq == freq)
+		return 0;
+	chip->freq = freq;
+	vx_modify_board_clock(chip, 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * vx_change_frequency - called from interrupt handler
+ */
+int vx_change_frequency(vx_core_t *chip)
+{
+	int freq;
+
+	if (chip->chip_status & VX_STAT_IS_STALE)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (chip->clock_source == INTERNAL_QUARTZ)
+		return 0;
+	/*
+	 * Read the real UER board frequency
+	 */
+	freq = vx_read_uer_status(chip, &chip->uer_detected);
+	if (freq < 0)
+		return freq;
+	/*
+	 * The frequency computed by the DSP is good and
+	 * is different from the previous computed.
+	 */
+	if (freq == 48000 || freq == 44100 || freq == 32000)
+		chip->freq_detected = freq;
+
+	return 0;
+}