diff --git a/sound/pci/cmipci.c b/sound/pci/cmipci.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..113208f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/pci/cmipci.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2956 @@
+/*
+ * Driver for C-Media CMI8338 and 8738 PCI soundcards.
+ * Copyright (c) 2000 by Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ */
+ 
+/* Does not work. Warning may block system in capture mode */
+/* #define USE_VAR48KRATE */
+
+#include <sound/driver.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/pci.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/gameport.h>
+#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/info.h>
+#include <sound/control.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+#include <sound/rawmidi.h>
+#include <sound/mpu401.h>
+#include <sound/opl3.h>
+#include <sound/sb.h>
+#include <sound/asoundef.h>
+#include <sound/initval.h>
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("C-Media CMI8x38 PCI");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("{{C-Media,CMI8738},"
+		"{C-Media,CMI8738B},"
+		"{C-Media,CMI8338A},"
+		"{C-Media,CMI8338B}}");
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_GAMEPORT) || (defined(MODULE) && defined(CONFIG_GAMEPORT_MODULE))
+#define SUPPORT_JOYSTICK 1
+#endif
+
+static int index[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX;	/* Index 0-MAX */
+static char *id[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR;	/* ID for this card */
+static int enable[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_ENABLE_PNP;	/* Enable switches */
+static long mpu_port[SNDRV_CARDS];
+static long fm_port[SNDRV_CARDS];
+static int soft_ac3[SNDRV_CARDS] = {[0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)]=1};
+#ifdef SUPPORT_JOYSTICK
+static int joystick_port[SNDRV_CARDS];
+#endif
+
+module_param_array(index, int, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(index, "Index value for C-Media PCI soundcard.");
+module_param_array(id, charp, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(id, "ID string for C-Media PCI soundcard.");
+module_param_array(enable, bool, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(enable, "Enable C-Media PCI soundcard.");
+module_param_array(mpu_port, long, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(mpu_port, "MPU-401 port.");
+module_param_array(fm_port, long, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(fm_port, "FM port.");
+module_param_array(soft_ac3, bool, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(soft_ac3, "Sofware-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only).");
+#ifdef SUPPORT_JOYSTICK
+module_param_array(joystick_port, int, NULL, 0444);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(joystick_port, "Joystick port address.");
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738
+#define PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738	0x0111
+#endif
+#ifndef PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738B
+#define PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738B	0x0112
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * CM8x38 registers definition
+ */
+
+#define CM_REG_FUNCTRL0		0x00
+#define CM_RST_CH1		0x00080000
+#define CM_RST_CH0		0x00040000
+#define CM_CHEN1		0x00020000	/* ch1: enable */
+#define CM_CHEN0		0x00010000	/* ch0: enable */
+#define CM_PAUSE1		0x00000008	/* ch1: pause */
+#define CM_PAUSE0		0x00000004	/* ch0: pause */
+#define CM_CHADC1		0x00000002	/* ch1, 0:playback, 1:record */
+#define CM_CHADC0		0x00000001	/* ch0, 0:playback, 1:record */
+
+#define CM_REG_FUNCTRL1		0x04
+#define CM_ASFC_MASK		0x0000E000	/* ADC sampling frequency */
+#define CM_ASFC_SHIFT		13
+#define CM_DSFC_MASK		0x00001C00	/* DAC sampling frequency */
+#define CM_DSFC_SHIFT		10
+#define CM_SPDF_1		0x00000200	/* SPDIF IN/OUT at channel B */
+#define CM_SPDF_0		0x00000100	/* SPDIF OUT only channel A */
+#define CM_SPDFLOOP		0x00000080	/* ext. SPDIIF/OUT -> IN loopback */
+#define CM_SPDO2DAC		0x00000040	/* SPDIF/OUT can be heard from internal DAC */
+#define CM_INTRM		0x00000020	/* master control block (MCB) interrupt enabled */
+#define CM_BREQ			0x00000010	/* bus master enabled */
+#define CM_VOICE_EN		0x00000008	/* legacy voice (SB16,FM) */
+#define CM_UART_EN		0x00000004	/* UART */
+#define CM_JYSTK_EN		0x00000002	/* joy stick */
+
+#define CM_REG_CHFORMAT		0x08
+
+#define CM_CHB3D5C		0x80000000	/* 5,6 channels */
+#define CM_CHB3D		0x20000000	/* 4 channels */
+
+#define CM_CHIP_MASK1		0x1f000000
+#define CM_CHIP_037		0x01000000
+
+#define CM_SPDIF_SELECT1	0x00080000	/* for model <= 037 ? */
+#define CM_AC3EN1		0x00100000	/* enable AC3: model 037 */
+#define CM_SPD24SEL		0x00020000	/* 24bit spdif: model 037 */
+/* #define CM_SPDIF_INVERSE	0x00010000 */ /* ??? */
+
+#define CM_ADCBITLEN_MASK	0x0000C000	
+#define CM_ADCBITLEN_16		0x00000000
+#define CM_ADCBITLEN_15		0x00004000
+#define CM_ADCBITLEN_14		0x00008000
+#define CM_ADCBITLEN_13		0x0000C000
+
+#define CM_ADCDACLEN_MASK	0x00003000
+#define CM_ADCDACLEN_060	0x00000000
+#define CM_ADCDACLEN_066	0x00001000
+#define CM_ADCDACLEN_130	0x00002000
+#define CM_ADCDACLEN_280	0x00003000
+
+#define CM_CH1_SRATE_176K	0x00000800
+#define CM_CH1_SRATE_88K	0x00000400
+#define CM_CH0_SRATE_176K	0x00000200
+#define CM_CH0_SRATE_88K	0x00000100
+
+#define CM_SPDIF_INVERSE2	0x00000080	/* model 055? */
+
+#define CM_CH1FMT_MASK		0x0000000C
+#define CM_CH1FMT_SHIFT		2
+#define CM_CH0FMT_MASK		0x00000003
+#define CM_CH0FMT_SHIFT		0
+
+#define CM_REG_INT_HLDCLR	0x0C
+#define CM_CHIP_MASK2		0xff000000
+#define CM_CHIP_039		0x04000000
+#define CM_CHIP_039_6CH		0x01000000
+#define CM_CHIP_055		0x08000000
+#define CM_CHIP_8768		0x20000000
+#define CM_TDMA_INT_EN		0x00040000
+#define CM_CH1_INT_EN		0x00020000
+#define CM_CH0_INT_EN		0x00010000
+#define CM_INT_HOLD		0x00000002
+#define CM_INT_CLEAR		0x00000001
+
+#define CM_REG_INT_STATUS	0x10
+#define CM_INTR			0x80000000
+#define CM_VCO			0x08000000	/* Voice Control? CMI8738 */
+#define CM_MCBINT		0x04000000	/* Master Control Block abort cond.? */
+#define CM_UARTINT		0x00010000
+#define CM_LTDMAINT		0x00008000
+#define CM_HTDMAINT		0x00004000
+#define CM_XDO46		0x00000080	/* Modell 033? Direct programming EEPROM (read data register) */
+#define CM_LHBTOG		0x00000040	/* High/Low status from DMA ctrl register */
+#define CM_LEG_HDMA		0x00000020	/* Legacy is in High DMA channel */
+#define CM_LEG_STEREO		0x00000010	/* Legacy is in Stereo mode */
+#define CM_CH1BUSY		0x00000008
+#define CM_CH0BUSY		0x00000004
+#define CM_CHINT1		0x00000002
+#define CM_CHINT0		0x00000001
+
+#define CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL	0x14
+#define CM_NXCHG		0x80000000	/* h/w multi channels? */
+#define CM_VMPU_MASK		0x60000000	/* MPU401 i/o port address */
+#define CM_VMPU_330		0x00000000
+#define CM_VMPU_320		0x20000000
+#define CM_VMPU_310		0x40000000
+#define CM_VMPU_300		0x60000000
+#define CM_VSBSEL_MASK		0x0C000000	/* SB16 base address */
+#define CM_VSBSEL_220		0x00000000
+#define CM_VSBSEL_240		0x04000000
+#define CM_VSBSEL_260		0x08000000
+#define CM_VSBSEL_280		0x0C000000
+#define CM_FMSEL_MASK		0x03000000	/* FM OPL3 base address */
+#define CM_FMSEL_388		0x00000000
+#define CM_FMSEL_3C8		0x01000000
+#define CM_FMSEL_3E0		0x02000000
+#define CM_FMSEL_3E8		0x03000000
+#define CM_ENSPDOUT		0x00800000	/* enable XPDIF/OUT to I/O interface */
+#define CM_SPDCOPYRHT		0x00400000	/* set copyright spdif in/out */
+#define CM_DAC2SPDO		0x00200000	/* enable wave+fm_midi -> SPDIF/OUT */
+#define CM_SETRETRY		0x00010000	/* 0: legacy i/o wait (default), 1: legacy i/o bus retry */
+#define CM_CHB3D6C		0x00008000	/* 5.1 channels support */
+#define CM_LINE_AS_BASS		0x00006000	/* use line-in as bass */
+
+#define CM_REG_MISC_CTRL	0x18
+#define CM_PWD			0x80000000
+#define CM_RESET		0x40000000
+#define CM_SFIL_MASK		0x30000000
+#define CM_TXVX			0x08000000
+#define CM_N4SPK3D		0x04000000	/* 4ch output */
+#define CM_SPDO5V		0x02000000	/* 5V spdif output (1 = 0.5v (coax)) */
+#define CM_SPDIF48K		0x01000000	/* write */
+#define CM_SPATUS48K		0x01000000	/* read */
+#define CM_ENDBDAC		0x00800000	/* enable dual dac */
+#define CM_XCHGDAC		0x00400000	/* 0: front=ch0, 1: front=ch1 */
+#define CM_SPD32SEL		0x00200000	/* 0: 16bit SPDIF, 1: 32bit */
+#define CM_SPDFLOOPI		0x00100000	/* int. SPDIF-IN -> int. OUT */
+#define CM_FM_EN		0x00080000	/* enalbe FM */
+#define CM_AC3EN2		0x00040000	/* enable AC3: model 039 */
+#define CM_VIDWPDSB		0x00010000 
+#define CM_SPDF_AC97		0x00008000	/* 0: SPDIF/OUT 44.1K, 1: 48K */
+#define CM_MASK_EN		0x00004000
+#define CM_VIDWPPRT		0x00002000
+#define CM_SFILENB		0x00001000
+#define CM_MMODE_MASK		0x00000E00
+#define CM_SPDIF_SELECT2	0x00000100	/* for model > 039 ? */
+#define CM_ENCENTER		0x00000080
+#define CM_FLINKON		0x00000040
+#define CM_FLINKOFF		0x00000020
+#define CM_MIDSMP		0x00000010
+#define CM_UPDDMA_MASK		0x0000000C
+#define CM_TWAIT_MASK		0x00000003
+
+	/* byte */
+#define CM_REG_MIXER0		0x20
+
+#define CM_REG_SB16_DATA	0x22
+#define CM_REG_SB16_ADDR	0x23
+
+#define CM_REFFREQ_XIN		(315*1000*1000)/22	/* 14.31818 Mhz reference clock frequency pin XIN */
+#define CM_ADCMULT_XIN		512			/* Guessed (487 best for 44.1kHz, not for 88/176kHz) */
+#define CM_TOLERANCE_RATE	0.001			/* Tolerance sample rate pitch (1000ppm) */
+#define CM_MAXIMUM_RATE		80000000		/* Note more than 80MHz */
+
+#define CM_REG_MIXER1		0x24
+#define CM_FMMUTE		0x80	/* mute FM */
+#define CM_FMMUTE_SHIFT		7
+#define CM_WSMUTE		0x40	/* mute PCM */
+#define CM_WSMUTE_SHIFT		6
+#define CM_SPK4			0x20	/* lin-in -> rear line out */
+#define CM_SPK4_SHIFT		5
+#define CM_REAR2FRONT		0x10	/* exchange rear/front */
+#define CM_REAR2FRONT_SHIFT	4
+#define CM_WAVEINL		0x08	/* digital wave rec. left chan */
+#define CM_WAVEINL_SHIFT	3
+#define CM_WAVEINR		0x04	/* digical wave rec. right */
+#define CM_WAVEINR_SHIFT	2
+#define CM_X3DEN		0x02	/* 3D surround enable */
+#define CM_X3DEN_SHIFT		1
+#define CM_CDPLAY		0x01	/* enable SPDIF/IN PCM -> DAC */
+#define CM_CDPLAY_SHIFT		0
+
+#define CM_REG_MIXER2		0x25
+#define CM_RAUXREN		0x80	/* AUX right capture */
+#define CM_RAUXREN_SHIFT	7
+#define CM_RAUXLEN		0x40	/* AUX left capture */
+#define CM_RAUXLEN_SHIFT	6
+#define CM_VAUXRM		0x20	/* AUX right mute */
+#define CM_VAUXRM_SHIFT		5
+#define CM_VAUXLM		0x10	/* AUX left mute */
+#define CM_VAUXLM_SHIFT		4
+#define CM_VADMIC_MASK		0x0e	/* mic gain level (0-3) << 1 */
+#define CM_VADMIC_SHIFT		1
+#define CM_MICGAINZ		0x01	/* mic boost */
+#define CM_MICGAINZ_SHIFT	0
+
+#define CM_REG_AUX_VOL		0x26
+#define CM_VAUXL_MASK		0xf0
+#define CM_VAUXR_MASK		0x0f
+
+#define CM_REG_MISC		0x27
+#define CM_XGPO1		0x20
+// #define CM_XGPBIO		0x04
+#define CM_MIC_CENTER_LFE	0x04	/* mic as center/lfe out? (model 039 or later?) */
+#define CM_SPDIF_INVERSE	0x04	/* spdif input phase inverse (model 037) */
+#define CM_SPDVALID		0x02	/* spdif input valid check */
+#define CM_DMAUTO		0x01
+
+#define CM_REG_AC97		0x28	/* hmmm.. do we have ac97 link? */
+/*
+ * For CMI-8338 (0x28 - 0x2b) .. is this valid for CMI-8738
+ * or identical with AC97 codec?
+ */
+#define CM_REG_EXTERN_CODEC	CM_REG_AC97
+
+/*
+ * MPU401 pci port index address 0x40 - 0x4f (CMI-8738 spec ver. 0.6)
+ */
+#define CM_REG_MPU_PCI		0x40
+
+/*
+ * FM pci port index address 0x50 - 0x5f (CMI-8738 spec ver. 0.6)
+ */
+#define CM_REG_FM_PCI		0x50
+
+/*
+ * for CMI-8338 .. this is not valid for CMI-8738.
+ */
+#define CM_REG_EXTENT_IND	0xf0
+#define CM_VPHONE_MASK		0xe0	/* Phone volume control (0-3) << 5 */
+#define CM_VPHONE_SHIFT		5
+#define CM_VPHOM		0x10	/* Phone mute control */
+#define CM_VSPKM		0x08	/* Speaker mute control, default high */
+#define CM_RLOOPREN		0x04    /* Rec. R-channel enable */
+#define CM_RLOOPLEN		0x02	/* Rec. L-channel enable */
+
+/*
+ * CMI-8338 spec ver 0.5 (this is not valid for CMI-8738):
+ * the 8 registers 0xf8 - 0xff are used for programming m/n counter by the PLL
+ * unit (readonly?).
+ */
+#define CM_REG_PLL		0xf8
+
+/*
+ * extended registers
+ */
+#define CM_REG_CH0_FRAME1	0x80	/* base address */
+#define CM_REG_CH0_FRAME2	0x84
+#define CM_REG_CH1_FRAME1	0x88	/* 0-15: count of samples at bus master; buffer size */
+#define CM_REG_CH1_FRAME2	0x8C	/* 16-31: count of samples at codec; fragment size */
+#define CM_REG_MISC_CTRL_8768	0x92	/* reg. name the same as 0x18 */
+#define CM_CHB3D8C		0x20	/* 7.1 channels support */
+#define CM_SPD32FMT		0x10	/* SPDIF/IN 32k */
+#define CM_ADC2SPDIF		0x08	/* ADC output to SPDIF/OUT */
+#define CM_SHAREADC		0x04	/* DAC in ADC as Center/LFE */
+#define CM_REALTCMP		0x02	/* monitor the CMPL/CMPR of ADC */
+#define CM_INVLRCK		0x01	/* invert ZVPORT's LRCK */
+
+/*
+ * size of i/o region
+ */
+#define CM_EXTENT_CODEC	  0x100
+#define CM_EXTENT_MIDI	  0x2
+#define CM_EXTENT_SYNTH	  0x4
+
+
+/*
+ * pci ids
+ */
+#ifndef PCI_VENDOR_ID_CMEDIA
+#define PCI_VENDOR_ID_CMEDIA         0x13F6
+#endif
+#ifndef PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8338A
+#define PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8338A 0x0100
+#endif
+#ifndef PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8338B
+#define PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8338B 0x0101
+#endif
+#ifndef PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738
+#define PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738  0x0111
+#endif
+#ifndef PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738B
+#define PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738B 0x0112
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * channels for playback / capture
+ */
+#define CM_CH_PLAY	0
+#define CM_CH_CAPT	1
+
+/*
+ * flags to check device open/close
+ */
+#define CM_OPEN_NONE	0
+#define CM_OPEN_CH_MASK	0x01
+#define CM_OPEN_DAC	0x10
+#define CM_OPEN_ADC	0x20
+#define CM_OPEN_SPDIF	0x40
+#define CM_OPEN_MCHAN	0x80
+#define CM_OPEN_PLAYBACK	(CM_CH_PLAY | CM_OPEN_DAC)
+#define CM_OPEN_PLAYBACK2	(CM_CH_CAPT | CM_OPEN_DAC)
+#define CM_OPEN_PLAYBACK_MULTI	(CM_CH_PLAY | CM_OPEN_DAC | CM_OPEN_MCHAN)
+#define CM_OPEN_CAPTURE		(CM_CH_CAPT | CM_OPEN_ADC)
+#define CM_OPEN_SPDIF_PLAYBACK	(CM_CH_PLAY | CM_OPEN_DAC | CM_OPEN_SPDIF)
+#define CM_OPEN_SPDIF_CAPTURE	(CM_CH_CAPT | CM_OPEN_ADC | CM_OPEN_SPDIF)
+
+
+#if CM_CH_PLAY == 1
+#define CM_PLAYBACK_SRATE_176K	CM_CH1_SRATE_176K
+#define CM_PLAYBACK_SPDF	CM_SPDF_1
+#define CM_CAPTURE_SPDF		CM_SPDF_0
+#else
+#define CM_PLAYBACK_SRATE_176K CM_CH0_SRATE_176K
+#define CM_PLAYBACK_SPDF	CM_SPDF_0
+#define CM_CAPTURE_SPDF		CM_SPDF_1
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * driver data
+ */
+
+typedef struct snd_stru_cmipci cmipci_t;
+typedef struct snd_stru_cmipci_pcm cmipci_pcm_t;
+
+struct snd_stru_cmipci_pcm {
+	snd_pcm_substream_t *substream;
+	int running;		/* dac/adc running? */
+	unsigned int dma_size;	/* in frames */
+	unsigned int period_size;	/* in frames */
+	unsigned int offset;	/* physical address of the buffer */
+	unsigned int fmt;	/* format bits */
+	int ch;			/* channel (0/1) */
+	unsigned int is_dac;		/* is dac? */
+	int bytes_per_frame;
+	int shift;
+};
+
+/* mixer elements toggled/resumed during ac3 playback */
+struct cmipci_mixer_auto_switches {
+	const char *name;	/* switch to toggle */
+	int toggle_on;		/* value to change when ac3 mode */
+};
+static const struct cmipci_mixer_auto_switches cm_saved_mixer[] = {
+	{"PCM Playback Switch", 0},
+	{"IEC958 Output Switch", 1},
+	{"IEC958 Mix Analog", 0},
+	// {"IEC958 Out To DAC", 1}, // no longer used
+	{"IEC958 Loop", 0},
+};
+#define CM_SAVED_MIXERS		ARRAY_SIZE(cm_saved_mixer)
+
+struct snd_stru_cmipci {
+	snd_card_t *card;
+
+	struct pci_dev *pci;
+	unsigned int device;	/* device ID */
+	int irq;
+
+	unsigned long iobase;
+	unsigned int ctrl;	/* FUNCTRL0 current value */
+
+	snd_pcm_t *pcm;		/* DAC/ADC PCM */
+	snd_pcm_t *pcm2;	/* 2nd DAC */
+	snd_pcm_t *pcm_spdif;	/* SPDIF */
+
+	int chip_version;
+	int max_channels;
+	unsigned int has_dual_dac: 1;
+	unsigned int can_ac3_sw: 1;
+	unsigned int can_ac3_hw: 1;
+	unsigned int can_multi_ch: 1;
+	unsigned int do_soft_ac3: 1;
+
+	unsigned int spdif_playback_avail: 1;	/* spdif ready? */
+	unsigned int spdif_playback_enabled: 1;	/* spdif switch enabled? */
+	int spdif_counter;	/* for software AC3 */
+
+	unsigned int dig_status;
+	unsigned int dig_pcm_status;
+
+	snd_pcm_hardware_t *hw_info[3]; /* for playbacks */
+
+	int opened[2];	/* open mode */
+	struct semaphore open_mutex;
+
+	unsigned int mixer_insensitive: 1;
+	snd_kcontrol_t *mixer_res_ctl[CM_SAVED_MIXERS];
+	int mixer_res_status[CM_SAVED_MIXERS];
+
+	opl3_t *opl3;
+	snd_hwdep_t *opl3hwdep;
+
+	cmipci_pcm_t channel[2];	/* ch0 - DAC, ch1 - ADC or 2nd DAC */
+
+	/* external MIDI */
+	snd_rawmidi_t *rmidi;
+
+#ifdef SUPPORT_JOYSTICK
+	struct gameport *gameport;
+#endif
+
+	spinlock_t reg_lock;
+};
+
+
+/* read/write operations for dword register */
+inline static void snd_cmipci_write(cmipci_t *cm, unsigned int cmd, unsigned int data)
+{
+	outl(data, cm->iobase + cmd);
+}
+inline static unsigned int snd_cmipci_read(cmipci_t *cm, unsigned int cmd)
+{
+	return inl(cm->iobase + cmd);
+}
+
+/* read/write operations for word register */
+inline static void snd_cmipci_write_w(cmipci_t *cm, unsigned int cmd, unsigned short data)
+{
+	outw(data, cm->iobase + cmd);
+}
+inline static unsigned short snd_cmipci_read_w(cmipci_t *cm, unsigned int cmd)
+{
+	return inw(cm->iobase + cmd);
+}
+
+/* read/write operations for byte register */
+inline static void snd_cmipci_write_b(cmipci_t *cm, unsigned int cmd, unsigned char data)
+{
+	outb(data, cm->iobase + cmd);
+}
+
+inline static unsigned char snd_cmipci_read_b(cmipci_t *cm, unsigned int cmd)
+{
+	return inb(cm->iobase + cmd);
+}
+
+/* bit operations for dword register */
+static void snd_cmipci_set_bit(cmipci_t *cm, unsigned int cmd, unsigned int flag)
+{
+	unsigned int val;
+	val = inl(cm->iobase + cmd);
+	val |= flag;
+	outl(val, cm->iobase + cmd);
+}
+
+static void snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cmipci_t *cm, unsigned int cmd, unsigned int flag)
+{
+	unsigned int val;
+	val = inl(cm->iobase + cmd);
+	val &= ~flag;
+	outl(val, cm->iobase + cmd);
+}
+
+#if 0 // not used
+/* bit operations for byte register */
+static void snd_cmipci_set_bit_b(cmipci_t *cm, unsigned int cmd, unsigned char flag)
+{
+	unsigned char val;
+	val = inb(cm->iobase + cmd);
+	val |= flag;
+	outb(val, cm->iobase + cmd);
+}
+
+static void snd_cmipci_clear_bit_b(cmipci_t *cm, unsigned int cmd, unsigned char flag)
+{
+	unsigned char val;
+	val = inb(cm->iobase + cmd);
+	val &= ~flag;
+	outb(val, cm->iobase + cmd);
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * PCM interface
+ */
+
+/*
+ * calculate frequency
+ */
+
+static unsigned int rates[] = { 5512, 11025, 22050, 44100, 8000, 16000, 32000, 48000 };
+
+static unsigned int snd_cmipci_rate_freq(unsigned int rate)
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rates); i++) {
+		if (rates[i] == rate)
+			return i;
+	}
+	snd_BUG();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_VAR48KRATE
+/*
+ * Determine PLL values for frequency setup, maybe the CMI8338 (CMI8738???)
+ * does it this way .. maybe not.  Never get any information from C-Media about
+ * that <werner@suse.de>.
+ */
+static int snd_cmipci_pll_rmn(unsigned int rate, unsigned int adcmult, int *r, int *m, int *n)
+{
+	unsigned int delta, tolerance;
+	int xm, xn, xr;
+
+	for (*r = 0; rate < CM_MAXIMUM_RATE/adcmult; *r += (1<<5))
+		rate <<= 1;
+	*n = -1;
+	if (*r > 0xff)
+		goto out;
+	tolerance = rate*CM_TOLERANCE_RATE;
+
+	for (xn = (1+2); xn < (0x1f+2); xn++) {
+		for (xm = (1+2); xm < (0xff+2); xm++) {
+			xr = ((CM_REFFREQ_XIN/adcmult) * xm) / xn;
+
+			if (xr < rate)
+				delta = rate - xr;
+			else
+				delta = xr - rate;
+
+			/*
+			 * If we found one, remember this,
+			 * and try to find a closer one
+			 */
+			if (delta < tolerance) {
+				tolerance = delta;
+				*m = xm - 2;
+				*n = xn - 2;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+out:
+	return (*n > -1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Program pll register bits, I assume that the 8 registers 0xf8 upto 0xff
+ * are mapped onto the 8 ADC/DAC sampling frequency which can be choosen
+ * at the register CM_REG_FUNCTRL1 (0x04).
+ * Problem: other ways are also possible (any information about that?)
+ */
+static void snd_cmipci_set_pll(cmipci_t *cm, unsigned int rate, unsigned int slot)
+{
+	unsigned int reg = CM_REG_PLL + slot;
+	/*
+	 * Guess that this programs at reg. 0x04 the pos 15:13/12:10
+	 * for DSFC/ASFC (000 upto 111).
+	 */
+
+	/* FIXME: Init (Do we've to set an other register first before programming?) */
+
+	/* FIXME: Is this correct? Or shouldn't the m/n/r values be used for that? */
+	snd_cmipci_write_b(cm, reg, rate>>8);
+	snd_cmipci_write_b(cm, reg, rate&0xff);
+
+	/* FIXME: Setup (Do we've to set an other register first to enable this?) */
+}
+#endif /* USE_VAR48KRATE */
+
+static int snd_cmipci_hw_params(snd_pcm_substream_t * substream,
+				snd_pcm_hw_params_t * hw_params)
+{
+	return snd_pcm_lib_malloc_pages(substream, params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_playback2_hw_params(snd_pcm_substream_t * substream,
+					  snd_pcm_hw_params_t * hw_params)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	if (params_channels(hw_params) > 2) {
+		down(&cm->open_mutex);
+		if (cm->opened[CM_CH_PLAY]) {
+			up(&cm->open_mutex);
+			return -EBUSY;
+		}
+		/* reserve the channel A */
+		cm->opened[CM_CH_PLAY] = CM_OPEN_PLAYBACK_MULTI;
+		up(&cm->open_mutex);
+	}
+	return snd_pcm_lib_malloc_pages(substream, params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
+}
+
+static void snd_cmipci_ch_reset(cmipci_t *cm, int ch)
+{
+	int reset = CM_RST_CH0 << (cm->channel[ch].ch);
+	snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL0, cm->ctrl | reset);
+	snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL0, cm->ctrl & ~reset);
+	udelay(10);
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_hw_free(snd_pcm_substream_t * substream)
+{
+	return snd_pcm_lib_free_pages(substream);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ */
+
+static unsigned int hw_channels[] = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8};
+static snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list_t hw_constraints_channels_4 = {
+	.count = 3,
+	.list = hw_channels,
+	.mask = 0,
+};
+static snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list_t hw_constraints_channels_6 = {
+	.count = 5,
+	.list = hw_channels,
+	.mask = 0,
+};
+static snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list_t hw_constraints_channels_8 = {
+	.count = 6,
+	.list = hw_channels,
+	.mask = 0,
+};
+
+static int set_dac_channels(cmipci_t *cm, cmipci_pcm_t *rec, int channels)
+{
+	if (channels > 2) {
+		if (! cm->can_multi_ch)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		if (rec->fmt != 0x03) /* stereo 16bit only */
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+		snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, CM_NXCHG);
+		snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_XCHGDAC);
+		if (channels > 4) {
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_CHB3D);
+			snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_CHB3D5C);
+		} else {
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_CHB3D5C);
+			snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_CHB3D);
+		}
+		if (channels >= 6) {
+			snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, CM_CHB3D6C);
+			snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_ENCENTER);
+		} else {
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, CM_CHB3D6C);
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_ENCENTER);
+		}
+		if (cm->chip_version == 68) {
+			if (channels == 8) {
+				snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL_8768, CM_CHB3D8C);
+			} else {
+				snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL_8768, CM_CHB3D8C);
+			}
+		}
+		spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+
+	} else {
+		if (cm->can_multi_ch) {
+			spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, CM_NXCHG);
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_CHB3D);
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_CHB3D5C);
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, CM_CHB3D6C);
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_ENCENTER);
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_XCHGDAC);
+			spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * prepare playback/capture channel
+ * channel to be used must have been set in rec->ch.
+ */
+static int snd_cmipci_pcm_prepare(cmipci_t *cm, cmipci_pcm_t *rec,
+				 snd_pcm_substream_t *substream)
+{
+	unsigned int reg, freq, val;
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = substream->runtime;
+
+	rec->fmt = 0;
+	rec->shift = 0;
+	if (snd_pcm_format_width(runtime->format) >= 16) {
+		rec->fmt |= 0x02;
+		if (snd_pcm_format_width(runtime->format) > 16)
+			rec->shift++; /* 24/32bit */
+	}
+	if (runtime->channels > 1)
+		rec->fmt |= 0x01;
+	if (rec->is_dac && set_dac_channels(cm, rec, runtime->channels) < 0) {
+		snd_printd("cannot set dac channels\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	rec->offset = runtime->dma_addr;
+	/* buffer and period sizes in frame */
+	rec->dma_size = runtime->buffer_size << rec->shift;
+	rec->period_size = runtime->period_size << rec->shift;
+	if (runtime->channels > 2) {
+		/* multi-channels */
+		rec->dma_size = (rec->dma_size * runtime->channels) / 2;
+		rec->period_size = (rec->period_size * runtime->channels) / 2;
+	}
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+
+	/* set buffer address */
+	reg = rec->ch ? CM_REG_CH1_FRAME1 : CM_REG_CH0_FRAME1;
+	snd_cmipci_write(cm, reg, rec->offset);
+	/* program sample counts */
+	reg = rec->ch ? CM_REG_CH1_FRAME2 : CM_REG_CH0_FRAME2;
+	snd_cmipci_write_w(cm, reg, rec->dma_size - 1);
+	snd_cmipci_write_w(cm, reg + 2, rec->period_size - 1);
+
+	/* set adc/dac flag */
+	val = rec->ch ? CM_CHADC1 : CM_CHADC0;
+	if (rec->is_dac)
+		cm->ctrl &= ~val;
+	else
+		cm->ctrl |= val;
+	snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL0, cm->ctrl);
+	//snd_printd("cmipci: functrl0 = %08x\n", cm->ctrl);
+
+	/* set sample rate */
+	freq = snd_cmipci_rate_freq(runtime->rate);
+	val = snd_cmipci_read(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1);
+	if (rec->ch) {
+		val &= ~CM_ASFC_MASK;
+		val |= (freq << CM_ASFC_SHIFT) & CM_ASFC_MASK;
+	} else {
+		val &= ~CM_DSFC_MASK;
+		val |= (freq << CM_DSFC_SHIFT) & CM_DSFC_MASK;
+	}
+	snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, val);
+	//snd_printd("cmipci: functrl1 = %08x\n", val);
+
+	/* set format */
+	val = snd_cmipci_read(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT);
+	if (rec->ch) {
+		val &= ~CM_CH1FMT_MASK;
+		val |= rec->fmt << CM_CH1FMT_SHIFT;
+	} else {
+		val &= ~CM_CH0FMT_MASK;
+		val |= rec->fmt << CM_CH0FMT_SHIFT;
+	}
+	snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, val);
+	//snd_printd("cmipci: chformat = %08x\n", val);
+
+	rec->running = 0;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * PCM trigger/stop
+ */
+static int snd_cmipci_pcm_trigger(cmipci_t *cm, cmipci_pcm_t *rec,
+				 snd_pcm_substream_t *substream, int cmd)
+{
+	unsigned int inthld, chen, reset, pause;
+	int result = 0;
+
+	inthld = CM_CH0_INT_EN << rec->ch;
+	chen = CM_CHEN0 << rec->ch;
+	reset = CM_RST_CH0 << rec->ch;
+	pause = CM_PAUSE0 << rec->ch;
+
+	spin_lock(&cm->reg_lock);
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+		rec->running = 1;
+		/* set interrupt */
+		snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_INT_HLDCLR, inthld);
+		cm->ctrl |= chen;
+		/* enable channel */
+		snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL0, cm->ctrl);
+		//snd_printd("cmipci: functrl0 = %08x\n", cm->ctrl);
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+		rec->running = 0;
+		/* disable interrupt */
+		snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_INT_HLDCLR, inthld);
+		/* reset */
+		cm->ctrl &= ~chen;
+		snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL0, cm->ctrl | reset);
+		snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL0, cm->ctrl & ~reset);
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+		cm->ctrl |= pause;
+		snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL0, cm->ctrl);
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+		cm->ctrl &= ~pause;
+		snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL0, cm->ctrl);
+		break;
+	default:
+		result = -EINVAL;
+		break;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&cm->reg_lock);
+	return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * return the current pointer
+ */
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_cmipci_pcm_pointer(cmipci_t *cm, cmipci_pcm_t *rec,
+					  snd_pcm_substream_t *substream)
+{
+	size_t ptr;
+	unsigned int reg;
+	if (!rec->running)
+		return 0;
+#if 1 // this seems better..
+	reg = rec->ch ? CM_REG_CH1_FRAME2 : CM_REG_CH0_FRAME2;
+	ptr = rec->dma_size - (snd_cmipci_read_w(cm, reg) + 1);
+	ptr >>= rec->shift;
+#else
+	reg = rec->ch ? CM_REG_CH1_FRAME1 : CM_REG_CH0_FRAME1;
+	ptr = snd_cmipci_read(cm, reg) - rec->offset;
+	ptr = bytes_to_frames(substream->runtime, ptr);
+#endif
+	if (substream->runtime->channels > 2)
+		ptr = (ptr * 2) / substream->runtime->channels;
+	return ptr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * playback
+ */
+
+static int snd_cmipci_playback_trigger(snd_pcm_substream_t *substream,
+				       int cmd)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	return snd_cmipci_pcm_trigger(cm, &cm->channel[CM_CH_PLAY], substream, cmd);
+}
+
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_cmipci_playback_pointer(snd_pcm_substream_t *substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	return snd_cmipci_pcm_pointer(cm, &cm->channel[CM_CH_PLAY], substream);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+ * capture
+ */
+
+static int snd_cmipci_capture_trigger(snd_pcm_substream_t *substream,
+				     int cmd)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	return snd_cmipci_pcm_trigger(cm, &cm->channel[CM_CH_CAPT], substream, cmd);
+}
+
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_cmipci_capture_pointer(snd_pcm_substream_t *substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	return snd_cmipci_pcm_pointer(cm, &cm->channel[CM_CH_CAPT], substream);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * hw preparation for spdif
+ */
+
+static int snd_cmipci_spdif_default_info(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol,
+					 snd_ctl_elem_info_t *uinfo)
+{
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_IEC958;
+	uinfo->count = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_spdif_default_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol,
+					snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	cmipci_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int i;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+		ucontrol->value.iec958.status[i] = (chip->dig_status >> (i * 8)) & 0xff;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_spdif_default_put(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol,
+					 snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
+{
+	cmipci_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int i, change;
+	unsigned int val;
+
+	val = 0;
+	spin_lock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+		val |= (unsigned int)ucontrol->value.iec958.status[i] << (i * 8);
+	change = val != chip->dig_status;
+	chip->dig_status = val;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
+	return change;
+}
+
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_cmipci_spdif_default __devinitdata =
+{
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_PCM,
+	.name =		SNDRV_CTL_NAME_IEC958("",PLAYBACK,DEFAULT),
+	.info =		snd_cmipci_spdif_default_info,
+	.get =		snd_cmipci_spdif_default_get,
+	.put =		snd_cmipci_spdif_default_put
+};
+
+static int snd_cmipci_spdif_mask_info(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol,
+				      snd_ctl_elem_info_t *uinfo)
+{
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_IEC958;
+	uinfo->count = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_spdif_mask_get(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol,
+				     snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[0] = 0xff;
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[1] = 0xff;
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[2] = 0xff;
+	ucontrol->value.iec958.status[3] = 0xff;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_cmipci_spdif_mask __devinitdata =
+{
+	.access =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READ,
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	.name =		SNDRV_CTL_NAME_IEC958("",PLAYBACK,CON_MASK),
+	.info =		snd_cmipci_spdif_mask_info,
+	.get =		snd_cmipci_spdif_mask_get,
+};
+
+static int snd_cmipci_spdif_stream_info(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol,
+					snd_ctl_elem_info_t *uinfo)
+{
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_IEC958;
+	uinfo->count = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_spdif_stream_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol,
+				       snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	cmipci_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int i;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+		ucontrol->value.iec958.status[i] = (chip->dig_pcm_status >> (i * 8)) & 0xff;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_spdif_stream_put(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol,
+				       snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	cmipci_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int i, change;
+	unsigned int val;
+
+	val = 0;
+	spin_lock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+		val |= (unsigned int)ucontrol->value.iec958.status[i] << (i * 8);
+	change = val != chip->dig_pcm_status;
+	chip->dig_pcm_status = val;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
+	return change;
+}
+
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_cmipci_spdif_stream __devinitdata =
+{
+	.access =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_READWRITE | SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_INACTIVE,
+	.iface =	SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_PCM,
+	.name =		SNDRV_CTL_NAME_IEC958("",PLAYBACK,PCM_STREAM),
+	.info =		snd_cmipci_spdif_stream_info,
+	.get =		snd_cmipci_spdif_stream_get,
+	.put =		snd_cmipci_spdif_stream_put
+};
+
+/*
+ */
+
+/* save mixer setting and mute for AC3 playback */
+static int save_mixer_state(cmipci_t *cm)
+{
+	if (! cm->mixer_insensitive) {
+		snd_ctl_elem_value_t *val;
+		unsigned int i;
+
+		val = kmalloc(sizeof(*val), GFP_ATOMIC);
+		if (!val)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		for (i = 0; i < CM_SAVED_MIXERS; i++) {
+			snd_kcontrol_t *ctl = cm->mixer_res_ctl[i];
+			if (ctl) {
+				int event;
+				memset(val, 0, sizeof(*val));
+				ctl->get(ctl, val);
+				cm->mixer_res_status[i] = val->value.integer.value[0];
+				val->value.integer.value[0] = cm_saved_mixer[i].toggle_on;
+				event = SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_INFO;
+				if (cm->mixer_res_status[i] != val->value.integer.value[0]) {
+					ctl->put(ctl, val); /* toggle */
+					event |= SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_VALUE;
+				}
+				ctl->vd[0].access |= SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_INACTIVE;
+				snd_ctl_notify(cm->card, event, &ctl->id);
+			}
+		}
+		kfree(val);
+		cm->mixer_insensitive = 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* restore the previously saved mixer status */
+static void restore_mixer_state(cmipci_t *cm)
+{
+	if (cm->mixer_insensitive) {
+		snd_ctl_elem_value_t *val;
+		unsigned int i;
+
+		val = kmalloc(sizeof(*val), GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!val)
+			return;
+		cm->mixer_insensitive = 0; /* at first clear this;
+					      otherwise the changes will be ignored */
+		for (i = 0; i < CM_SAVED_MIXERS; i++) {
+			snd_kcontrol_t *ctl = cm->mixer_res_ctl[i];
+			if (ctl) {
+				int event;
+
+				memset(val, 0, sizeof(*val));
+				ctl->vd[0].access &= ~SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_INACTIVE;
+				ctl->get(ctl, val);
+				event = SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_INFO;
+				if (val->value.integer.value[0] != cm->mixer_res_status[i]) {
+					val->value.integer.value[0] = cm->mixer_res_status[i];
+					ctl->put(ctl, val);
+					event |= SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_VALUE;
+				}
+				snd_ctl_notify(cm->card, event, &ctl->id);
+			}
+		}
+		kfree(val);
+	}
+}
+
+/* spinlock held! */
+static void setup_ac3(cmipci_t *cm, snd_pcm_substream_t *subs, int do_ac3, int rate)
+{
+	if (do_ac3) {
+		/* AC3EN for 037 */
+		snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_AC3EN1);
+		/* AC3EN for 039 */
+		snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_AC3EN2);
+	
+		if (cm->can_ac3_hw) {
+			/* SPD24SEL for 037, 0x02 */
+			/* SPD24SEL for 039, 0x20, but cannot be set */
+			snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_SPD24SEL);
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_SPD32SEL);
+		} else { /* can_ac3_sw */
+			/* SPD32SEL for 037 & 039, 0x20 */
+			snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_SPD32SEL);
+			/* set 176K sample rate to fix 033 HW bug */
+			if (cm->chip_version == 33) {
+				if (rate >= 48000) {
+					snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_PLAYBACK_SRATE_176K);
+				} else {
+					snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_PLAYBACK_SRATE_176K);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+	} else {
+		snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_AC3EN1);
+		snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_AC3EN2);
+
+		if (cm->can_ac3_hw) {
+			/* chip model >= 37 */
+			if (snd_pcm_format_width(subs->runtime->format) > 16) {
+				snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_SPD32SEL);
+				snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_SPD24SEL);
+			} else {
+				snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_SPD32SEL);
+				snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_SPD24SEL);
+			}
+		} else {
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_SPD32SEL);
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_SPD24SEL);
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_PLAYBACK_SRATE_176K);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int setup_spdif_playback(cmipci_t *cm, snd_pcm_substream_t *subs, int up, int do_ac3)
+{
+	int rate, err;
+
+	rate = subs->runtime->rate;
+
+	if (up && do_ac3)
+		if ((err = save_mixer_state(cm)) < 0)
+			return err;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	cm->spdif_playback_avail = up;
+	if (up) {
+		/* they are controlled via "IEC958 Output Switch" */
+		/* snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, CM_ENSPDOUT); */
+		/* snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_SPDO2DAC); */
+		if (cm->spdif_playback_enabled)
+			snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_PLAYBACK_SPDF);
+		setup_ac3(cm, subs, do_ac3, rate);
+
+		if (rate == 48000)
+			snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_SPDIF48K | CM_SPDF_AC97);
+		else
+			snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_SPDIF48K | CM_SPDF_AC97);
+
+	} else {
+		/* they are controlled via "IEC958 Output Switch" */
+		/* snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, CM_ENSPDOUT); */
+		/* snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_SPDO2DAC); */
+		snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_PLAYBACK_SPDF);
+		setup_ac3(cm, subs, 0, 0);
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * preparation
+ */
+
+/* playback - enable spdif only on the certain condition */
+static int snd_cmipci_playback_prepare(snd_pcm_substream_t *substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	int rate = substream->runtime->rate;
+	int err, do_spdif, do_ac3 = 0;
+
+	do_spdif = ((rate == 44100 || rate == 48000) &&
+		    substream->runtime->format == SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE &&
+		    substream->runtime->channels == 2);
+	if (do_spdif && cm->can_ac3_hw) 
+		do_ac3 = cm->dig_pcm_status & IEC958_AES0_NONAUDIO;
+	if ((err = setup_spdif_playback(cm, substream, do_spdif, do_ac3)) < 0)
+		return err;
+	return snd_cmipci_pcm_prepare(cm, &cm->channel[CM_CH_PLAY], substream);
+}
+
+/* playback  (via device #2) - enable spdif always */
+static int snd_cmipci_playback_spdif_prepare(snd_pcm_substream_t *substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	int err, do_ac3;
+
+	if (cm->can_ac3_hw) 
+		do_ac3 = cm->dig_pcm_status & IEC958_AES0_NONAUDIO;
+	else
+		do_ac3 = 1; /* doesn't matter */
+	if ((err = setup_spdif_playback(cm, substream, 1, do_ac3)) < 0)
+		return err;
+	return snd_cmipci_pcm_prepare(cm, &cm->channel[CM_CH_PLAY], substream);
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_playback_hw_free(snd_pcm_substream_t *substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	setup_spdif_playback(cm, substream, 0, 0);
+	restore_mixer_state(cm);
+	return snd_cmipci_hw_free(substream);
+}
+
+/* capture */
+static int snd_cmipci_capture_prepare(snd_pcm_substream_t *substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	return snd_cmipci_pcm_prepare(cm, &cm->channel[CM_CH_CAPT], substream);
+}
+
+/* capture with spdif (via device #2) */
+static int snd_cmipci_capture_spdif_prepare(snd_pcm_substream_t *substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_CAPTURE_SPDF);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+
+	return snd_cmipci_pcm_prepare(cm, &cm->channel[CM_CH_CAPT], substream);
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_capture_spdif_hw_free(snd_pcm_substream_t *subs)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(subs);
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_CAPTURE_SPDF);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+
+	return snd_cmipci_hw_free(subs);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * interrupt handler
+ */
+static irqreturn_t snd_cmipci_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = dev_id;
+	unsigned int status, mask = 0;
+	
+	/* fastpath out, to ease interrupt sharing */
+	status = snd_cmipci_read(cm, CM_REG_INT_STATUS);
+	if (!(status & CM_INTR))
+		return IRQ_NONE;
+
+	/* acknowledge interrupt */
+	spin_lock(&cm->reg_lock);
+	if (status & CM_CHINT0)
+		mask |= CM_CH0_INT_EN;
+	if (status & CM_CHINT1)
+		mask |= CM_CH1_INT_EN;
+	snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_INT_HLDCLR, mask);
+	snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_INT_HLDCLR, mask);
+	spin_unlock(&cm->reg_lock);
+
+	if (cm->rmidi && (status & CM_UARTINT))
+		snd_mpu401_uart_interrupt(irq, cm->rmidi->private_data, regs);
+
+	if (cm->pcm) {
+		if ((status & CM_CHINT0) && cm->channel[0].running)
+			snd_pcm_period_elapsed(cm->channel[0].substream);
+		if ((status & CM_CHINT1) && cm->channel[1].running)
+			snd_pcm_period_elapsed(cm->channel[1].substream);
+	}
+	return IRQ_HANDLED;
+}
+
+/*
+ * h/w infos
+ */
+
+/* playback on channel A */
+static snd_pcm_hardware_t snd_cmipci_playback =
+{
+	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),
+	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8 | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
+	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_5512 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_48000,
+	.rate_min =		5512,
+	.rate_max =		48000,
+	.channels_min =		1,
+	.channels_max =		2,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.period_bytes_min =	64,
+	.period_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.periods_min =		2,
+	.periods_max =		1024,
+	.fifo_size =		0,
+};
+
+/* capture on channel B */
+static snd_pcm_hardware_t snd_cmipci_capture =
+{
+	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),
+	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8 | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
+	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_5512 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_48000,
+	.rate_min =		5512,
+	.rate_max =		48000,
+	.channels_min =		1,
+	.channels_max =		2,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.period_bytes_min =	64,
+	.period_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.periods_min =		2,
+	.periods_max =		1024,
+	.fifo_size =		0,
+};
+
+/* playback on channel B - stereo 16bit only? */
+static snd_pcm_hardware_t snd_cmipci_playback2 =
+{
+	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),
+	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
+	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_5512 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_48000,
+	.rate_min =		5512,
+	.rate_max =		48000,
+	.channels_min =		2,
+	.channels_max =		2,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.period_bytes_min =	64,
+	.period_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.periods_min =		2,
+	.periods_max =		1024,
+	.fifo_size =		0,
+};
+
+/* spdif playback on channel A */
+static snd_pcm_hardware_t snd_cmipci_playback_spdif =
+{
+	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),
+	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
+	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000,
+	.rate_min =		44100,
+	.rate_max =		48000,
+	.channels_min =		2,
+	.channels_max =		2,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.period_bytes_min =	64,
+	.period_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.periods_min =		2,
+	.periods_max =		1024,
+	.fifo_size =		0,
+};
+
+/* spdif playback on channel A (32bit, IEC958 subframes) */
+static snd_pcm_hardware_t snd_cmipci_playback_iec958_subframe =
+{
+	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),
+	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_IEC958_SUBFRAME_LE,
+	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000,
+	.rate_min =		44100,
+	.rate_max =		48000,
+	.channels_min =		2,
+	.channels_max =		2,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.period_bytes_min =	64,
+	.period_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.periods_min =		2,
+	.periods_max =		1024,
+	.fifo_size =		0,
+};
+
+/* spdif capture on channel B */
+static snd_pcm_hardware_t snd_cmipci_capture_spdif =
+{
+	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),
+	.formats =	        SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
+	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000,
+	.rate_min =		44100,
+	.rate_max =		48000,
+	.channels_min =		2,
+	.channels_max =		2,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.period_bytes_min =	64,
+	.period_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.periods_min =		2,
+	.periods_max =		1024,
+	.fifo_size =		0,
+};
+
+/*
+ * check device open/close
+ */
+static int open_device_check(cmipci_t *cm, int mode, snd_pcm_substream_t *subs)
+{
+	int ch = mode & CM_OPEN_CH_MASK;
+
+	/* FIXME: a file should wait until the device becomes free
+	 * when it's opened on blocking mode.  however, since the current
+	 * pcm framework doesn't pass file pointer before actually opened,
+	 * we can't know whether blocking mode or not in open callback..
+	 */
+	down(&cm->open_mutex);
+	if (cm->opened[ch]) {
+		up(&cm->open_mutex);
+		return -EBUSY;
+	}
+	cm->opened[ch] = mode;
+	cm->channel[ch].substream = subs;
+	if (! (mode & CM_OPEN_DAC)) {
+		/* disable dual DAC mode */
+		cm->channel[ch].is_dac = 0;
+		spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+		snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_ENDBDAC);
+		spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	}
+	up(&cm->open_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void close_device_check(cmipci_t *cm, int mode)
+{
+	int ch = mode & CM_OPEN_CH_MASK;
+
+	down(&cm->open_mutex);
+	if (cm->opened[ch] == mode) {
+		if (cm->channel[ch].substream) {
+			snd_cmipci_ch_reset(cm, ch);
+			cm->channel[ch].running = 0;
+			cm->channel[ch].substream = NULL;
+		}
+		cm->opened[ch] = 0;
+		if (! cm->channel[ch].is_dac) {
+			/* enable dual DAC mode again */
+			cm->channel[ch].is_dac = 1;
+			spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+			snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_ENDBDAC);
+			spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+		}
+	}
+	up(&cm->open_mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+ */
+
+static int snd_cmipci_playback_open(snd_pcm_substream_t *substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	int err;
+
+	if ((err = open_device_check(cm, CM_OPEN_PLAYBACK, substream)) < 0)
+		return err;
+	runtime->hw = snd_cmipci_playback;
+	runtime->hw.channels_max = cm->max_channels;
+	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, 0, 0x10000);
+	cm->dig_pcm_status = cm->dig_status;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_capture_open(snd_pcm_substream_t *substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	int err;
+
+	if ((err = open_device_check(cm, CM_OPEN_CAPTURE, substream)) < 0)
+		return err;
+	runtime->hw = snd_cmipci_capture;
+	if (cm->chip_version == 68) {	// 8768 only supports 44k/48k recording
+		runtime->hw.rate_min = 41000;
+		runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000;
+	}
+	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, 0, 0x10000);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_playback2_open(snd_pcm_substream_t *substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	int err;
+
+	if ((err = open_device_check(cm, CM_OPEN_PLAYBACK2, substream)) < 0) /* use channel B */
+		return err;
+	runtime->hw = snd_cmipci_playback2;
+	down(&cm->open_mutex);
+	if (! cm->opened[CM_CH_PLAY]) {
+		if (cm->can_multi_ch) {
+			runtime->hw.channels_max = cm->max_channels;
+			if (cm->max_channels == 4)
+				snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS, &hw_constraints_channels_4);
+			else if (cm->max_channels == 6)
+				snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS, &hw_constraints_channels_6);
+			else if (cm->max_channels == 8)
+				snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS, &hw_constraints_channels_8);
+		}
+		snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, 0, 0x10000);
+	}
+	up(&cm->open_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_playback_spdif_open(snd_pcm_substream_t *substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	int err;
+
+	if ((err = open_device_check(cm, CM_OPEN_SPDIF_PLAYBACK, substream)) < 0) /* use channel A */
+		return err;
+	if (cm->can_ac3_hw) {
+		runtime->hw = snd_cmipci_playback_spdif;
+		if (cm->chip_version >= 37)
+			runtime->hw.formats |= SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S32_LE;
+	} else {
+		runtime->hw = snd_cmipci_playback_iec958_subframe;
+	}
+	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, 0, 0x40000);
+	cm->dig_pcm_status = cm->dig_status;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_capture_spdif_open(snd_pcm_substream_t * substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	snd_pcm_runtime_t *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	int err;
+
+	if ((err = open_device_check(cm, CM_OPEN_SPDIF_CAPTURE, substream)) < 0) /* use channel B */
+		return err;
+	runtime->hw = snd_cmipci_capture_spdif;
+	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, 0, 0x40000);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ */
+
+static int snd_cmipci_playback_close(snd_pcm_substream_t * substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	close_device_check(cm, CM_OPEN_PLAYBACK);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_capture_close(snd_pcm_substream_t * substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	close_device_check(cm, CM_OPEN_CAPTURE);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_playback2_close(snd_pcm_substream_t * substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	close_device_check(cm, CM_OPEN_PLAYBACK2);
+	close_device_check(cm, CM_OPEN_PLAYBACK_MULTI);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_playback_spdif_close(snd_pcm_substream_t * substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	close_device_check(cm, CM_OPEN_SPDIF_PLAYBACK);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_capture_spdif_close(snd_pcm_substream_t * substream)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	close_device_check(cm, CM_OPEN_SPDIF_CAPTURE);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ */
+
+static snd_pcm_ops_t snd_cmipci_playback_ops = {
+	.open =		snd_cmipci_playback_open,
+	.close =	snd_cmipci_playback_close,
+	.ioctl =	snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =	snd_cmipci_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =	snd_cmipci_playback_hw_free,
+	.prepare =	snd_cmipci_playback_prepare,
+	.trigger =	snd_cmipci_playback_trigger,
+	.pointer =	snd_cmipci_playback_pointer,
+};
+
+static snd_pcm_ops_t snd_cmipci_capture_ops = {
+	.open =		snd_cmipci_capture_open,
+	.close =	snd_cmipci_capture_close,
+	.ioctl =	snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =	snd_cmipci_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =	snd_cmipci_hw_free,
+	.prepare =	snd_cmipci_capture_prepare,
+	.trigger =	snd_cmipci_capture_trigger,
+	.pointer =	snd_cmipci_capture_pointer,
+};
+
+static snd_pcm_ops_t snd_cmipci_playback2_ops = {
+	.open =		snd_cmipci_playback2_open,
+	.close =	snd_cmipci_playback2_close,
+	.ioctl =	snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =	snd_cmipci_playback2_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =	snd_cmipci_hw_free,
+	.prepare =	snd_cmipci_capture_prepare,	/* channel B */
+	.trigger =	snd_cmipci_capture_trigger,	/* channel B */
+	.pointer =	snd_cmipci_capture_pointer,	/* channel B */
+};
+
+static snd_pcm_ops_t snd_cmipci_playback_spdif_ops = {
+	.open =		snd_cmipci_playback_spdif_open,
+	.close =	snd_cmipci_playback_spdif_close,
+	.ioctl =	snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =	snd_cmipci_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =	snd_cmipci_playback_hw_free,
+	.prepare =	snd_cmipci_playback_spdif_prepare,	/* set up rate */
+	.trigger =	snd_cmipci_playback_trigger,
+	.pointer =	snd_cmipci_playback_pointer,
+};
+
+static snd_pcm_ops_t snd_cmipci_capture_spdif_ops = {
+	.open =		snd_cmipci_capture_spdif_open,
+	.close =	snd_cmipci_capture_spdif_close,
+	.ioctl =	snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =	snd_cmipci_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =	snd_cmipci_capture_spdif_hw_free,
+	.prepare =	snd_cmipci_capture_spdif_prepare,
+	.trigger =	snd_cmipci_capture_trigger,
+	.pointer =	snd_cmipci_capture_pointer,
+};
+
+
+/*
+ */
+
+static void snd_cmipci_pcm_free(snd_pcm_t *pcm)
+{
+	snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_free_for_all(pcm);
+}
+
+static int __devinit snd_cmipci_pcm_new(cmipci_t *cm, int device)
+{
+	snd_pcm_t *pcm;
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_pcm_new(cm->card, cm->card->driver, device, 1, 1, &pcm);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &snd_cmipci_playback_ops);
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &snd_cmipci_capture_ops);
+
+	pcm->private_data = cm;
+	pcm->private_free = snd_cmipci_pcm_free;
+	pcm->info_flags = 0;
+	strcpy(pcm->name, "C-Media PCI DAC/ADC");
+	cm->pcm = pcm;
+
+	snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages_for_all(pcm, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV,
+					      snd_dma_pci_data(cm->pci), 64*1024, 128*1024);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int __devinit snd_cmipci_pcm2_new(cmipci_t *cm, int device)
+{
+	snd_pcm_t *pcm;
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_pcm_new(cm->card, cm->card->driver, device, 1, 0, &pcm);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &snd_cmipci_playback2_ops);
+
+	pcm->private_data = cm;
+	pcm->private_free = snd_cmipci_pcm_free;
+	pcm->info_flags = 0;
+	strcpy(pcm->name, "C-Media PCI 2nd DAC");
+	cm->pcm2 = pcm;
+
+	snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages_for_all(pcm, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV,
+					      snd_dma_pci_data(cm->pci), 64*1024, 128*1024);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int __devinit snd_cmipci_pcm_spdif_new(cmipci_t *cm, int device)
+{
+	snd_pcm_t *pcm;
+	int err;
+
+	err = snd_pcm_new(cm->card, cm->card->driver, device, 1, 1, &pcm);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &snd_cmipci_playback_spdif_ops);
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &snd_cmipci_capture_spdif_ops);
+
+	pcm->private_data = cm;
+	pcm->private_free = snd_cmipci_pcm_free;
+	pcm->info_flags = 0;
+	strcpy(pcm->name, "C-Media PCI IEC958");
+	cm->pcm_spdif = pcm;
+
+	snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages_for_all(pcm, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV,
+					      snd_dma_pci_data(cm->pci), 64*1024, 128*1024);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * mixer interface:
+ * - CM8338/8738 has a compatible mixer interface with SB16, but
+ *   lack of some elements like tone control, i/o gain and AGC.
+ * - Access to native registers:
+ *   - A 3D switch
+ *   - Output mute switches
+ */
+
+static void snd_cmipci_mixer_write(cmipci_t *s, unsigned char idx, unsigned char data)
+{
+	outb(idx, s->iobase + CM_REG_SB16_ADDR);
+	outb(data, s->iobase + CM_REG_SB16_DATA);
+}
+
+static unsigned char snd_cmipci_mixer_read(cmipci_t *s, unsigned char idx)
+{
+	unsigned char v;
+
+	outb(idx, s->iobase + CM_REG_SB16_ADDR);
+	v = inb(s->iobase + CM_REG_SB16_DATA);
+	return v;
+}
+
+/*
+ * general mixer element
+ */
+typedef struct cmipci_sb_reg {
+	unsigned int left_reg, right_reg;
+	unsigned int left_shift, right_shift;
+	unsigned int mask;
+	unsigned int invert: 1;
+	unsigned int stereo: 1;
+} cmipci_sb_reg_t;
+
+#define COMPOSE_SB_REG(lreg,rreg,lshift,rshift,mask,invert,stereo) \
+ ((lreg) | ((rreg) << 8) | (lshift << 16) | (rshift << 19) | (mask << 24) | (invert << 22) | (stereo << 23))
+
+#define CMIPCI_DOUBLE(xname, left_reg, right_reg, left_shift, right_shift, mask, invert, stereo) \
+{ .iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER, .name = xname, \
+  .info = snd_cmipci_info_volume, \
+  .get = snd_cmipci_get_volume, .put = snd_cmipci_put_volume, \
+  .private_value = COMPOSE_SB_REG(left_reg, right_reg, left_shift, right_shift, mask, invert, stereo), \
+}
+
+#define CMIPCI_SB_VOL_STEREO(xname,reg,shift,mask) CMIPCI_DOUBLE(xname, reg, reg+1, shift, shift, mask, 0, 1)
+#define CMIPCI_SB_VOL_MONO(xname,reg,shift,mask) CMIPCI_DOUBLE(xname, reg, reg, shift, shift, mask, 0, 0)
+#define CMIPCI_SB_SW_STEREO(xname,lshift,rshift) CMIPCI_DOUBLE(xname, SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, lshift, rshift, 1, 0, 1)
+#define CMIPCI_SB_SW_MONO(xname,shift) CMIPCI_DOUBLE(xname, SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, SB_DSP4_OUTPUT_SW, shift, shift, 1, 0, 0)
+
+static void cmipci_sb_reg_decode(cmipci_sb_reg_t *r, unsigned long val)
+{
+	r->left_reg = val & 0xff;
+	r->right_reg = (val >> 8) & 0xff;
+	r->left_shift = (val >> 16) & 0x07;
+	r->right_shift = (val >> 19) & 0x07;
+	r->invert = (val >> 22) & 1;
+	r->stereo = (val >> 23) & 1;
+	r->mask = (val >> 24) & 0xff;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_info_volume(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t * uinfo)
+{
+	cmipci_sb_reg_t reg;
+
+	cmipci_sb_reg_decode(&reg, kcontrol->private_value);
+	uinfo->type = reg.mask == 1 ? SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN : SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
+	uinfo->count = reg.stereo + 1;
+	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+	uinfo->value.integer.max = reg.mask;
+	return 0;
+}
+ 
+static int snd_cmipci_get_volume(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	cmipci_sb_reg_t reg;
+	int val;
+
+	cmipci_sb_reg_decode(&reg, kcontrol->private_value);
+	spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	val = (snd_cmipci_mixer_read(cm, reg.left_reg) >> reg.left_shift) & reg.mask;
+	if (reg.invert)
+		val = reg.mask - val;
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = val;
+	if (reg.stereo) {
+		val = (snd_cmipci_mixer_read(cm, reg.right_reg) >> reg.right_shift) & reg.mask;
+		if (reg.invert)
+			val = reg.mask - val;
+		 ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = val;
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_put_volume(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	cmipci_sb_reg_t reg;
+	int change;
+	int left, right, oleft, oright;
+
+	cmipci_sb_reg_decode(&reg, kcontrol->private_value);
+	left = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] & reg.mask;
+	if (reg.invert)
+		left = reg.mask - left;
+	left <<= reg.left_shift;
+	if (reg.stereo) {
+		right = ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] & reg.mask;
+		if (reg.invert)
+			right = reg.mask - right;
+		right <<= reg.right_shift;
+	} else
+		right = 0;
+	spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	oleft = snd_cmipci_mixer_read(cm, reg.left_reg);
+	left |= oleft & ~(reg.mask << reg.left_shift);
+	change = left != oleft;
+	if (reg.stereo) {
+		if (reg.left_reg != reg.right_reg) {
+			snd_cmipci_mixer_write(cm, reg.left_reg, left);
+			oright = snd_cmipci_mixer_read(cm, reg.right_reg);
+		} else
+			oright = left;
+		right |= oright & ~(reg.mask << reg.right_shift);
+		change |= right != oright;
+		snd_cmipci_mixer_write(cm, reg.right_reg, right);
+	} else
+		snd_cmipci_mixer_write(cm, reg.left_reg, left);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	return change;
+}
+
+/*
+ * input route (left,right) -> (left,right)
+ */
+#define CMIPCI_SB_INPUT_SW(xname, left_shift, right_shift) \
+{ .iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER, .name = xname, \
+  .info = snd_cmipci_info_input_sw, \
+  .get = snd_cmipci_get_input_sw, .put = snd_cmipci_put_input_sw, \
+  .private_value = COMPOSE_SB_REG(SB_DSP4_INPUT_LEFT, SB_DSP4_INPUT_RIGHT, left_shift, right_shift, 1, 0, 1), \
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_info_input_sw(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t * uinfo)
+{
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+	uinfo->count = 4;
+	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+	uinfo->value.integer.max = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+ 
+static int snd_cmipci_get_input_sw(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	cmipci_sb_reg_t reg;
+	int val1, val2;
+
+	cmipci_sb_reg_decode(&reg, kcontrol->private_value);
+	spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	val1 = snd_cmipci_mixer_read(cm, reg.left_reg);
+	val2 = snd_cmipci_mixer_read(cm, reg.right_reg);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = (val1 >> reg.left_shift) & 1;
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = (val2 >> reg.left_shift) & 1;
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[2] = (val1 >> reg.right_shift) & 1;
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[3] = (val2 >> reg.right_shift) & 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_put_input_sw(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	cmipci_sb_reg_t reg;
+	int change;
+	int val1, val2, oval1, oval2;
+
+	cmipci_sb_reg_decode(&reg, kcontrol->private_value);
+	spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	oval1 = snd_cmipci_mixer_read(cm, reg.left_reg);
+	oval2 = snd_cmipci_mixer_read(cm, reg.right_reg);
+	val1 = oval1 & ~((1 << reg.left_shift) | (1 << reg.right_shift));
+	val2 = oval2 & ~((1 << reg.left_shift) | (1 << reg.right_shift));
+	val1 |= (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] & 1) << reg.left_shift;
+	val2 |= (ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] & 1) << reg.left_shift;
+	val1 |= (ucontrol->value.integer.value[2] & 1) << reg.right_shift;
+	val2 |= (ucontrol->value.integer.value[3] & 1) << reg.right_shift;
+	change = val1 != oval1 || val2 != oval2;
+	snd_cmipci_mixer_write(cm, reg.left_reg, val1);
+	snd_cmipci_mixer_write(cm, reg.right_reg, val2);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	return change;
+}
+
+/*
+ * native mixer switches/volumes
+ */
+
+#define CMIPCI_MIXER_SW_STEREO(xname, reg, lshift, rshift, invert) \
+{ .iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER, .name = xname, \
+  .info = snd_cmipci_info_native_mixer, \
+  .get = snd_cmipci_get_native_mixer, .put = snd_cmipci_put_native_mixer, \
+  .private_value = COMPOSE_SB_REG(reg, reg, lshift, rshift, 1, invert, 1), \
+}
+
+#define CMIPCI_MIXER_SW_MONO(xname, reg, shift, invert) \
+{ .iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER, .name = xname, \
+  .info = snd_cmipci_info_native_mixer, \
+  .get = snd_cmipci_get_native_mixer, .put = snd_cmipci_put_native_mixer, \
+  .private_value = COMPOSE_SB_REG(reg, reg, shift, shift, 1, invert, 0), \
+}
+
+#define CMIPCI_MIXER_VOL_STEREO(xname, reg, lshift, rshift, mask) \
+{ .iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER, .name = xname, \
+  .info = snd_cmipci_info_native_mixer, \
+  .get = snd_cmipci_get_native_mixer, .put = snd_cmipci_put_native_mixer, \
+  .private_value = COMPOSE_SB_REG(reg, reg, lshift, rshift, mask, 0, 1), \
+}
+
+#define CMIPCI_MIXER_VOL_MONO(xname, reg, shift, mask) \
+{ .iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER, .name = xname, \
+  .info = snd_cmipci_info_native_mixer, \
+  .get = snd_cmipci_get_native_mixer, .put = snd_cmipci_put_native_mixer, \
+  .private_value = COMPOSE_SB_REG(reg, reg, shift, shift, mask, 0, 0), \
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_info_native_mixer(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t *uinfo)
+{
+	cmipci_sb_reg_t reg;
+
+	cmipci_sb_reg_decode(&reg, kcontrol->private_value);
+	uinfo->type = reg.mask == 1 ? SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN : SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_INTEGER;
+	uinfo->count = reg.stereo + 1;
+	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+	uinfo->value.integer.max = reg.mask;
+	return 0;
+
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_get_native_mixer(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	cmipci_sb_reg_t reg;
+	unsigned char oreg, val;
+
+	cmipci_sb_reg_decode(&reg, kcontrol->private_value);
+	spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	oreg = inb(cm->iobase + reg.left_reg);
+	val = (oreg >> reg.left_shift) & reg.mask;
+	if (reg.invert)
+		val = reg.mask - val;
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = val;
+	if (reg.stereo) {
+		val = (oreg >> reg.right_shift) & reg.mask;
+		if (reg.invert)
+			val = reg.mask - val;
+		ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] = val;
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_put_native_mixer(snd_kcontrol_t * kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t * ucontrol)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	cmipci_sb_reg_t reg;
+	unsigned char oreg, nreg, val;
+
+	cmipci_sb_reg_decode(&reg, kcontrol->private_value);
+	spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	oreg = inb(cm->iobase + reg.left_reg);
+	val = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] & reg.mask;
+	if (reg.invert)
+		val = reg.mask - val;
+	nreg = oreg & ~(reg.mask << reg.left_shift);
+	nreg |= (val << reg.left_shift);
+	if (reg.stereo) {
+		val = ucontrol->value.integer.value[1] & reg.mask;
+		if (reg.invert)
+			val = reg.mask - val;
+		nreg &= ~(reg.mask << reg.right_shift);
+		nreg |= (val << reg.right_shift);
+	}
+	outb(nreg, cm->iobase + reg.left_reg);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	return (nreg != oreg);
+}
+
+/*
+ * special case - check mixer sensitivity
+ */
+static int snd_cmipci_get_native_mixer_sensitive(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	//cmipci_t *cm = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	return snd_cmipci_get_native_mixer(kcontrol, ucontrol);
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_put_native_mixer_sensitive(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	if (cm->mixer_insensitive) {
+		/* ignored */
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return snd_cmipci_put_native_mixer(kcontrol, ucontrol);
+}
+
+
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_cmipci_mixers[] __devinitdata = {
+	CMIPCI_SB_VOL_STEREO("Master Playback Volume", SB_DSP4_MASTER_DEV, 3, 31),
+	CMIPCI_MIXER_SW_MONO("3D Control - Switch", CM_REG_MIXER1, CM_X3DEN_SHIFT, 0),
+	CMIPCI_SB_VOL_STEREO("PCM Playback Volume", SB_DSP4_PCM_DEV, 3, 31),
+	//CMIPCI_MIXER_SW_MONO("PCM Playback Switch", CM_REG_MIXER1, CM_WSMUTE_SHIFT, 1),
+	{ /* switch with sensitivity */
+		.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+		.name = "PCM Playback Switch",
+		.info = snd_cmipci_info_native_mixer,
+		.get = snd_cmipci_get_native_mixer_sensitive,
+		.put = snd_cmipci_put_native_mixer_sensitive,
+		.private_value = COMPOSE_SB_REG(CM_REG_MIXER1, CM_REG_MIXER1, CM_WSMUTE_SHIFT, CM_WSMUTE_SHIFT, 1, 1, 0),
+	},
+	CMIPCI_MIXER_SW_STEREO("PCM Capture Switch", CM_REG_MIXER1, CM_WAVEINL_SHIFT, CM_WAVEINR_SHIFT, 0),
+	CMIPCI_SB_VOL_STEREO("Synth Playback Volume", SB_DSP4_SYNTH_DEV, 3, 31),
+	CMIPCI_MIXER_SW_MONO("Synth Playback Switch", CM_REG_MIXER1, CM_FMMUTE_SHIFT, 1),
+	CMIPCI_SB_INPUT_SW("Synth Capture Route", 6, 5),
+	CMIPCI_SB_VOL_STEREO("CD Playback Volume", SB_DSP4_CD_DEV, 3, 31),
+	CMIPCI_SB_SW_STEREO("CD Playback Switch", 2, 1),
+	CMIPCI_SB_INPUT_SW("CD Capture Route", 2, 1),
+	CMIPCI_SB_VOL_STEREO("Line Playback Volume", SB_DSP4_LINE_DEV, 3, 31),
+	CMIPCI_SB_SW_STEREO("Line Playback Switch", 4, 3),
+	CMIPCI_SB_INPUT_SW("Line Capture Route", 4, 3),
+	CMIPCI_SB_VOL_MONO("Mic Playback Volume", SB_DSP4_MIC_DEV, 3, 31),
+	CMIPCI_SB_SW_MONO("Mic Playback Switch", 0),
+	CMIPCI_DOUBLE("Mic Capture Switch", SB_DSP4_INPUT_LEFT, SB_DSP4_INPUT_RIGHT, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0),
+	CMIPCI_SB_VOL_MONO("PC Speaker Playback Volume", SB_DSP4_SPEAKER_DEV, 6, 3),
+	CMIPCI_MIXER_VOL_STEREO("Aux Playback Volume", CM_REG_AUX_VOL, 4, 0, 15),
+	CMIPCI_MIXER_SW_STEREO("Aux Playback Switch", CM_REG_MIXER2, CM_VAUXLM_SHIFT, CM_VAUXRM_SHIFT, 0),
+	CMIPCI_MIXER_SW_STEREO("Aux Capture Switch", CM_REG_MIXER2, CM_RAUXLEN_SHIFT, CM_RAUXREN_SHIFT, 0),
+	CMIPCI_MIXER_SW_MONO("Mic Boost", CM_REG_MIXER2, CM_MICGAINZ_SHIFT, 1),
+	CMIPCI_MIXER_VOL_MONO("Mic Capture Volume", CM_REG_MIXER2, CM_VADMIC_SHIFT, 7),
+};
+
+/*
+ * other switches
+ */
+
+typedef struct snd_cmipci_switch_args {
+	int reg;		/* register index */
+	unsigned int mask;	/* mask bits */
+	unsigned int mask_on;	/* mask bits to turn on */
+	unsigned int is_byte: 1;		/* byte access? */
+	unsigned int ac3_sensitive: 1;	/* access forbidden during non-audio operation? */
+} snd_cmipci_switch_args_t;
+
+static int snd_cmipci_uswitch_info(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_info_t *uinfo)
+{
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+	uinfo->count = 1;
+	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+	uinfo->value.integer.max = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int _snd_cmipci_uswitch_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol, snd_cmipci_switch_args_t *args)
+{
+	unsigned int val;
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	if (args->ac3_sensitive && cm->mixer_insensitive) {
+		ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = 0;
+		spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (args->is_byte)
+		val = inb(cm->iobase + args->reg);
+	else
+		val = snd_cmipci_read(cm, args->reg);
+	ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] = ((val & args->mask) == args->mask_on) ? 1 : 0;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_uswitch_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	snd_cmipci_switch_args_t *args = (snd_cmipci_switch_args_t*)kcontrol->private_value;
+	snd_assert(args != NULL, return -EINVAL);
+	return _snd_cmipci_uswitch_get(kcontrol, ucontrol, args);
+}
+
+static int _snd_cmipci_uswitch_put(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol, snd_cmipci_switch_args_t *args)
+{
+	unsigned int val;
+	int change;
+	cmipci_t *cm = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	if (args->ac3_sensitive && cm->mixer_insensitive) {
+		/* ignored */
+		spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (args->is_byte)
+		val = inb(cm->iobase + args->reg);
+	else
+		val = snd_cmipci_read(cm, args->reg);
+	change = (val & args->mask) != (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0] ? args->mask : 0);
+	if (change) {
+		val &= ~args->mask;
+		if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0])
+			val |= args->mask_on;
+		else
+			val |= (args->mask & ~args->mask_on);
+		if (args->is_byte)
+			outb((unsigned char)val, cm->iobase + args->reg);
+		else
+			snd_cmipci_write(cm, args->reg, val);
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	return change;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_uswitch_put(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	snd_cmipci_switch_args_t *args = (snd_cmipci_switch_args_t*)kcontrol->private_value;
+	snd_assert(args != NULL, return -EINVAL);
+	return _snd_cmipci_uswitch_put(kcontrol, ucontrol, args);
+}
+
+#define DEFINE_SWITCH_ARG(sname, xreg, xmask, xmask_on, xis_byte, xac3) \
+static snd_cmipci_switch_args_t cmipci_switch_arg_##sname = { \
+  .reg = xreg, \
+  .mask = xmask, \
+  .mask_on = xmask_on, \
+  .is_byte = xis_byte, \
+  .ac3_sensitive = xac3, \
+}
+	
+#define DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(sname, xreg, xmask, xis_byte, xac3) \
+	DEFINE_SWITCH_ARG(sname, xreg, xmask, xmask, xis_byte, xac3)
+
+#if 0 /* these will be controlled in pcm device */
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdif_in, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_SPDF_1, 0, 0);
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdif_out, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_SPDF_0, 0, 0);
+#endif
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdif_in_sel1, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_SPDIF_SELECT1, 0, 0);
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdif_in_sel2, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_SPDIF_SELECT2, 0, 0);
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdif_enable, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, CM_ENSPDOUT, 0, 0);
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdo2dac, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_SPDO2DAC, 0, 1);
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdi_valid, CM_REG_MISC, CM_SPDVALID, 1, 0);
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdif_copyright, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, CM_SPDCOPYRHT, 0, 0);
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdif_dac_out, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, CM_DAC2SPDO, 0, 1);
+DEFINE_SWITCH_ARG(spdo_5v, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_SPDO5V, 0, 0, 0); /* inverse: 0 = 5V */
+// DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdo_48k, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_SPDF_AC97|CM_SPDIF48K, 0, 1);
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdif_loop, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_SPDFLOOP, 0, 1);
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdi_monitor, CM_REG_MIXER1, CM_CDPLAY, 1, 0);
+/* DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdi_phase, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_SPDIF_INVERSE, 0, 0); */
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdi_phase, CM_REG_MISC, CM_SPDIF_INVERSE, 1, 0);
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(spdi_phase2, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, CM_SPDIF_INVERSE2, 0, 0);
+#if CM_CH_PLAY == 1
+DEFINE_SWITCH_ARG(exchange_dac, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_XCHGDAC, 0, 0, 0); /* reversed */
+#else
+DEFINE_SWITCH_ARG(exchange_dac, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_XCHGDAC, CM_XCHGDAC, 0, 0);
+#endif
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(fourch, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_N4SPK3D, 0, 0);
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(line_rear, CM_REG_MIXER1, CM_SPK4, 1, 0);
+DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(line_bass, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, CM_LINE_AS_BASS, 0, 0);
+// DEFINE_BIT_SWITCH_ARG(joystick, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_JYSTK_EN, 0, 0); /* now module option */
+DEFINE_SWITCH_ARG(modem, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_FLINKON|CM_FLINKOFF, CM_FLINKON, 0, 0);
+
+#define DEFINE_SWITCH(sname, stype, sarg) \
+{ .name = sname, \
+  .iface = stype, \
+  .info = snd_cmipci_uswitch_info, \
+  .get = snd_cmipci_uswitch_get, \
+  .put = snd_cmipci_uswitch_put, \
+  .private_value = (unsigned long)&cmipci_switch_arg_##sarg,\
+}
+
+#define DEFINE_CARD_SWITCH(sname, sarg) DEFINE_SWITCH(sname, SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_CARD, sarg)
+#define DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH(sname, sarg) DEFINE_SWITCH(sname, SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER, sarg)
+
+
+/*
+ * callbacks for spdif output switch
+ * needs toggle two registers..
+ */
+static int snd_cmipci_spdout_enable_get(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	int changed;
+	changed = _snd_cmipci_uswitch_get(kcontrol, ucontrol, &cmipci_switch_arg_spdif_enable);
+	changed |= _snd_cmipci_uswitch_get(kcontrol, ucontrol, &cmipci_switch_arg_spdo2dac);
+	return changed;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_spdout_enable_put(snd_kcontrol_t *kcontrol, snd_ctl_elem_value_t *ucontrol)
+{
+	cmipci_t *chip = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int changed;
+	changed = _snd_cmipci_uswitch_put(kcontrol, ucontrol, &cmipci_switch_arg_spdif_enable);
+	changed |= _snd_cmipci_uswitch_put(kcontrol, ucontrol, &cmipci_switch_arg_spdo2dac);
+	if (changed) {
+		if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[0]) {
+			if (chip->spdif_playback_avail)
+				snd_cmipci_set_bit(chip, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_PLAYBACK_SPDF);
+		} else {
+			if (chip->spdif_playback_avail)
+				snd_cmipci_clear_bit(chip, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_PLAYBACK_SPDF);
+		}
+	}
+	chip->spdif_playback_enabled = ucontrol->value.integer.value[0];
+	return changed;
+}
+
+
+/* both for CM8338/8738 */
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_cmipci_mixer_switches[] __devinitdata = {
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("Four Channel Mode", fourch),
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("Line-In As Rear", line_rear),
+};
+
+/* for non-multichannel chips */
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_cmipci_nomulti_switch __devinitdata =
+DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("Exchange DAC", exchange_dac);
+
+/* only for CM8738 */
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_cmipci_8738_mixer_switches[] __devinitdata = {
+#if 0 /* controlled in pcm device */
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 In Record", spdif_in),
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 Out", spdif_out),
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 Out To DAC", spdo2dac),
+#endif
+	// DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 Output Switch", spdif_enable),
+	{ .name = "IEC958 Output Switch",
+	  .iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER,
+	  .info = snd_cmipci_uswitch_info,
+	  .get = snd_cmipci_spdout_enable_get,
+	  .put = snd_cmipci_spdout_enable_put,
+	},
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 In Valid", spdi_valid),
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 Copyright", spdif_copyright),
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 5V", spdo_5v),
+//	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 In/Out 48KHz", spdo_48k),
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 Loop", spdif_loop),
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 In Monitor", spdi_monitor),
+};
+
+/* only for model 033/037 */
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_cmipci_old_mixer_switches[] __devinitdata = {
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 Mix Analog", spdif_dac_out),
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 In Phase Inverse", spdi_phase),
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 In Select", spdif_in_sel1),
+};
+
+/* only for model 039 or later */
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_cmipci_extra_mixer_switches[] __devinitdata = {
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("Line-In As Bass", line_bass),
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 In Select", spdif_in_sel2),
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("IEC958 In Phase Inverse", spdi_phase2),
+	DEFINE_MIXER_SWITCH("Mic As Center/LFE", spdi_phase), /* same bit as spdi_phase */
+};
+
+/* card control switches */
+static snd_kcontrol_new_t snd_cmipci_control_switches[] __devinitdata = {
+	// DEFINE_CARD_SWITCH("Joystick", joystick), /* now module option */
+	DEFINE_CARD_SWITCH("Modem", modem),
+};
+
+
+static int __devinit snd_cmipci_mixer_new(cmipci_t *cm, int pcm_spdif_device)
+{
+	snd_card_t *card;
+	snd_kcontrol_new_t *sw;
+	snd_kcontrol_t *kctl;
+	unsigned int idx;
+	int err;
+
+	snd_assert(cm != NULL && cm->card != NULL, return -EINVAL);
+
+	card = cm->card;
+
+	strcpy(card->mixername, "CMedia PCI");
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+	snd_cmipci_mixer_write(cm, 0x00, 0x00);		/* mixer reset */
+	spin_unlock_irq(&cm->reg_lock);
+
+	for (idx = 0; idx < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_cmipci_mixers); idx++) {
+		if (cm->chip_version == 68) {	// 8768 has no PCM volume
+			if (!strcmp(snd_cmipci_mixers[idx].name,
+				"PCM Playback Volume"))
+				continue;
+		}
+		if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, snd_ctl_new1(&snd_cmipci_mixers[idx], cm))) < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	/* mixer switches */
+	sw = snd_cmipci_mixer_switches;
+	for (idx = 0; idx < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_cmipci_mixer_switches); idx++, sw++) {
+		err = snd_ctl_add(cm->card, snd_ctl_new1(sw, cm));
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+	if (! cm->can_multi_ch) {
+		err = snd_ctl_add(cm->card, snd_ctl_new1(&snd_cmipci_nomulti_switch, cm));
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+	if (cm->device == PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738 ||
+	    cm->device == PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738B) {
+		sw = snd_cmipci_8738_mixer_switches;
+		for (idx = 0; idx < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_cmipci_8738_mixer_switches); idx++, sw++) {
+			err = snd_ctl_add(cm->card, snd_ctl_new1(sw, cm));
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+		}
+		if (cm->can_ac3_hw) {
+			if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&snd_cmipci_spdif_default, cm))) < 0)
+				return err;
+			kctl->id.device = pcm_spdif_device;
+			if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&snd_cmipci_spdif_mask, cm))) < 0)
+				return err;
+			kctl->id.device = pcm_spdif_device;
+			if ((err = snd_ctl_add(card, kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&snd_cmipci_spdif_stream, cm))) < 0)
+				return err;
+			kctl->id.device = pcm_spdif_device;
+		}
+		if (cm->chip_version <= 37) {
+			sw = snd_cmipci_old_mixer_switches;
+			for (idx = 0; idx < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_cmipci_old_mixer_switches); idx++, sw++) {
+				err = snd_ctl_add(cm->card, snd_ctl_new1(sw, cm));
+				if (err < 0)
+					return err;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (cm->chip_version >= 39) {
+		sw = snd_cmipci_extra_mixer_switches;
+		for (idx = 0; idx < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_cmipci_extra_mixer_switches); idx++, sw++) {
+			err = snd_ctl_add(cm->card, snd_ctl_new1(sw, cm));
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* card switches */
+	sw = snd_cmipci_control_switches;
+	for (idx = 0; idx < ARRAY_SIZE(snd_cmipci_control_switches); idx++, sw++) {
+		err = snd_ctl_add(cm->card, snd_ctl_new1(sw, cm));
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	for (idx = 0; idx < CM_SAVED_MIXERS; idx++) {
+		snd_ctl_elem_id_t id;
+		snd_kcontrol_t *ctl;
+		memset(&id, 0, sizeof(id));
+		id.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_MIXER;
+		strcpy(id.name, cm_saved_mixer[idx].name);
+		if ((ctl = snd_ctl_find_id(cm->card, &id)) != NULL)
+			cm->mixer_res_ctl[idx] = ctl;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * proc interface
+ */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
+static void snd_cmipci_proc_read(snd_info_entry_t *entry, 
+				 snd_info_buffer_t *buffer)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = entry->private_data;
+	int i;
+	
+	snd_iprintf(buffer, "%s\n\n", cm->card->longname);
+	for (i = 0; i < 0x40; i++) {
+		int v = inb(cm->iobase + i);
+		if (i % 4 == 0)
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "%02x: ", i);
+		snd_iprintf(buffer, "%02x", v);
+		if (i % 4 == 3)
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, "\n");
+		else
+			snd_iprintf(buffer, " ");
+	}
+}
+
+static void __devinit snd_cmipci_proc_init(cmipci_t *cm)
+{
+	snd_info_entry_t *entry;
+
+	if (! snd_card_proc_new(cm->card, "cmipci", &entry))
+		snd_info_set_text_ops(entry, cm, 1024, snd_cmipci_proc_read);
+}
+#else /* !CONFIG_PROC_FS */
+static inline void snd_cmipci_proc_init(cmipci_t *cm) {}
+#endif
+
+
+static struct pci_device_id snd_cmipci_ids[] = {
+	{PCI_VENDOR_ID_CMEDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8338A, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0},
+	{PCI_VENDOR_ID_CMEDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8338B, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0},
+	{PCI_VENDOR_ID_CMEDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0},
+	{PCI_VENDOR_ID_CMEDIA, PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738B, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0},
+	{PCI_VENDOR_ID_AL, PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, 0, 0},
+	{0,},
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * check chip version and capabilities
+ * driver name is modified according to the chip model
+ */
+static void __devinit query_chip(cmipci_t *cm)
+{
+	unsigned int detect;
+
+	/* check reg 0Ch, bit 24-31 */
+	detect = snd_cmipci_read(cm, CM_REG_INT_HLDCLR) & CM_CHIP_MASK2;
+	if (! detect) {
+		/* check reg 08h, bit 24-28 */
+		detect = snd_cmipci_read(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT) & CM_CHIP_MASK1;
+		if (! detect) {
+			cm->chip_version = 33;
+			cm->max_channels = 2;
+			if (cm->do_soft_ac3)
+				cm->can_ac3_sw = 1;
+			else
+				cm->can_ac3_hw = 1;
+			cm->has_dual_dac = 1;
+		} else {
+			cm->chip_version = 37;
+			cm->max_channels = 2;
+			cm->can_ac3_hw = 1;
+			cm->has_dual_dac = 1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* check reg 0Ch, bit 26 */
+		if (detect & CM_CHIP_8768) {
+			cm->chip_version = 68;
+			cm->max_channels = 8;
+			cm->can_ac3_hw = 1;
+			cm->has_dual_dac = 1;
+			cm->can_multi_ch = 1;
+		} else if (detect & CM_CHIP_055) {
+			cm->chip_version = 55;
+			cm->max_channels = 6;
+			cm->can_ac3_hw = 1;
+			cm->has_dual_dac = 1;
+			cm->can_multi_ch = 1;
+		} else if (detect & CM_CHIP_039) {
+			cm->chip_version = 39;
+			if (detect & CM_CHIP_039_6CH) /* 4 or 6 channels */
+				cm->max_channels = 6;
+			else
+				cm->max_channels = 4;
+			cm->can_ac3_hw = 1;
+			cm->has_dual_dac = 1;
+			cm->can_multi_ch = 1;
+		} else {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "chip %x version not supported\n", detect);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+#ifdef SUPPORT_JOYSTICK
+static int __devinit snd_cmipci_create_gameport(cmipci_t *cm, int dev)
+{
+	static int ports[] = { 0x201, 0x200, 0 }; /* FIXME: majority is 0x201? */
+	struct gameport *gp;
+	struct resource *r = NULL;
+	int i, io_port = 0;
+
+	if (joystick_port[dev] == 0)
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	if (joystick_port[dev] == 1) { /* auto-detect */
+		for (i = 0; ports[i]; i++) {
+			io_port = ports[i];
+			r = request_region(io_port, 1, "CMIPCI gameport");
+			if (r)
+				break;
+		}
+	} else {
+		io_port = joystick_port[dev];
+		r = request_region(io_port, 1, "CMIPCI gameport");
+	}
+
+	if (!r) {
+		printk(KERN_WARNING "cmipci: cannot reserve joystick ports\n");
+		return -EBUSY;
+	}
+
+	cm->gameport = gp = gameport_allocate_port();
+	if (!gp) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "cmipci: cannot allocate memory for gameport\n");
+		release_resource(r);
+		kfree_nocheck(r);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	gameport_set_name(gp, "C-Media Gameport");
+	gameport_set_phys(gp, "pci%s/gameport0", pci_name(cm->pci));
+	gameport_set_dev_parent(gp, &cm->pci->dev);
+	gp->io = io_port;
+	gameport_set_port_data(gp, r);
+
+	snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_JYSTK_EN);
+
+	gameport_register_port(cm->gameport);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void snd_cmipci_free_gameport(cmipci_t *cm)
+{
+	if (cm->gameport) {
+		struct resource *r = gameport_get_port_data(cm->gameport);
+
+		gameport_unregister_port(cm->gameport);
+		cm->gameport = NULL;
+
+		snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_JYSTK_EN);
+		release_resource(r);
+		kfree_nocheck(r);
+	}
+}
+#else
+static inline int snd_cmipci_create_gameport(cmipci_t *cm, int dev) { return -ENOSYS; }
+static inline void snd_cmipci_free_gameport(cmipci_t *cm) { }
+#endif
+
+static int snd_cmipci_free(cmipci_t *cm)
+{
+	if (cm->irq >= 0) {
+		snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_FM_EN);
+		snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, CM_ENSPDOUT);
+		snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_INT_HLDCLR, 0);  /* disable ints */
+		snd_cmipci_ch_reset(cm, CM_CH_PLAY);
+		snd_cmipci_ch_reset(cm, CM_CH_CAPT);
+		snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL0, 0); /* disable channels */
+		snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, 0);
+
+		/* reset mixer */
+		snd_cmipci_mixer_write(cm, 0, 0);
+
+		synchronize_irq(cm->irq);
+
+		free_irq(cm->irq, (void *)cm);
+	}
+
+	snd_cmipci_free_gameport(cm);
+	pci_release_regions(cm->pci);
+	pci_disable_device(cm->pci);
+	kfree(cm);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_cmipci_dev_free(snd_device_t *device)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm = device->device_data;
+	return snd_cmipci_free(cm);
+}
+
+static int __devinit snd_cmipci_create(snd_card_t *card, struct pci_dev *pci,
+				       int dev, cmipci_t **rcmipci)
+{
+	cmipci_t *cm;
+	int err;
+	static snd_device_ops_t ops = {
+		.dev_free =	snd_cmipci_dev_free,
+	};
+	unsigned int val = 0;
+	long iomidi = mpu_port[dev];
+	long iosynth = fm_port[dev];
+	int pcm_index, pcm_spdif_index;
+	static struct pci_device_id intel_82437vx[] = {
+		{ PCI_DEVICE(PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL, PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_82437VX) },
+		{ },
+	};
+
+	*rcmipci = NULL;
+
+	if ((err = pci_enable_device(pci)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	cm = kcalloc(1, sizeof(*cm), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (cm == NULL) {
+		pci_disable_device(pci);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	spin_lock_init(&cm->reg_lock);
+	init_MUTEX(&cm->open_mutex);
+	cm->device = pci->device;
+	cm->card = card;
+	cm->pci = pci;
+	cm->irq = -1;
+	cm->channel[0].ch = 0;
+	cm->channel[1].ch = 1;
+	cm->channel[0].is_dac = cm->channel[1].is_dac = 1; /* dual DAC mode */
+
+	if ((err = pci_request_regions(pci, card->driver)) < 0) {
+		kfree(cm);
+		pci_disable_device(pci);
+		return err;
+	}
+	cm->iobase = pci_resource_start(pci, 0);
+
+	if (request_irq(pci->irq, snd_cmipci_interrupt, SA_INTERRUPT|SA_SHIRQ, card->driver, (void *)cm)) {
+		snd_printk("unable to grab IRQ %d\n", pci->irq);
+		snd_cmipci_free(cm);
+		return -EBUSY;
+	}
+	cm->irq = pci->irq;
+
+	pci_set_master(cm->pci);
+
+	/*
+	 * check chip version, max channels and capabilities
+	 */
+
+	cm->chip_version = 0;
+	cm->max_channels = 2;
+	cm->do_soft_ac3 = soft_ac3[dev];
+
+	if (pci->device != PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8338A &&
+	    pci->device != PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8338B)
+		query_chip(cm);
+	/* added -MCx suffix for chip supporting multi-channels */
+	if (cm->can_multi_ch)
+		sprintf(cm->card->driver + strlen(cm->card->driver),
+			"-MC%d", cm->max_channels);
+	else if (cm->can_ac3_sw)
+		strcpy(cm->card->driver + strlen(cm->card->driver), "-SWIEC");
+
+	cm->dig_status = SNDRV_PCM_DEFAULT_CON_SPDIF;
+	cm->dig_pcm_status = SNDRV_PCM_DEFAULT_CON_SPDIF;
+
+#if CM_CH_PLAY == 1
+	cm->ctrl = CM_CHADC0;	/* default FUNCNTRL0 */
+#else
+	cm->ctrl = CM_CHADC1;	/* default FUNCNTRL0 */
+#endif
+
+	/* initialize codec registers */
+	snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_INT_HLDCLR, 0);	/* disable ints */
+	snd_cmipci_ch_reset(cm, CM_CH_PLAY);
+	snd_cmipci_ch_reset(cm, CM_CH_CAPT);
+	snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL0, 0);	/* disable channels */
+	snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, 0);
+
+	snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_CHFORMAT, 0);
+	snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_ENDBDAC|CM_N4SPK3D);
+#if CM_CH_PLAY == 1
+	snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_XCHGDAC);
+#else
+	snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_XCHGDAC);
+#endif
+	/* Set Bus Master Request */
+	snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_BREQ);
+
+	/* Assume TX and compatible chip set (Autodetection required for VX chip sets) */
+	switch (pci->device) {
+	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738:
+	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738B:
+		if (!pci_dev_present(intel_82437vx)) 
+			snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_TXVX);
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if ((err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, cm, &ops)) < 0) {
+		snd_cmipci_free(cm);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	/* set MPU address */
+	switch (iomidi) {
+	case 0x320: val = CM_VMPU_320; break;
+	case 0x310: val = CM_VMPU_310; break;
+	case 0x300: val = CM_VMPU_300; break;
+	case 0x330: val = CM_VMPU_330; break;
+	default:
+		iomidi = 0; break;
+	}
+	if (iomidi > 0) {
+		snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, val);
+		/* enable UART */
+		snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_UART_EN);
+	}
+
+	/* set FM address */
+	val = snd_cmipci_read(cm, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL) & ~CM_FMSEL_MASK;
+	switch (iosynth) {
+	case 0x3E8: val |= CM_FMSEL_3E8; break;
+	case 0x3E0: val |= CM_FMSEL_3E0; break;
+	case 0x3C8: val |= CM_FMSEL_3C8; break;
+	case 0x388: val |= CM_FMSEL_388; break;
+	default:
+		iosynth = 0; break;
+	}
+	if (iosynth > 0) {
+		snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, val);
+		/* enable FM */
+		snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_FM_EN);
+
+		if (snd_opl3_create(card, iosynth, iosynth + 2,
+				    OPL3_HW_OPL3, 0, &cm->opl3) < 0) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "cmipci: no OPL device at 0x%lx, skipping...\n", iosynth);
+			iosynth = 0;
+		} else {
+			if ((err = snd_opl3_hwdep_new(cm->opl3, 0, 1, &cm->opl3hwdep)) < 0) {
+				printk(KERN_ERR "cmipci: cannot create OPL3 hwdep\n");
+				return err;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (! iosynth) {
+		/* disable FM */
+		snd_cmipci_write(cm, CM_REG_LEGACY_CTRL, val & ~CM_FMSEL_MASK);
+		snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_FM_EN);
+	}
+
+	/* reset mixer */
+	snd_cmipci_mixer_write(cm, 0, 0);
+
+	snd_cmipci_proc_init(cm);
+
+	/* create pcm devices */
+	pcm_index = pcm_spdif_index = 0;
+	if ((err = snd_cmipci_pcm_new(cm, pcm_index)) < 0)
+		return err;
+	pcm_index++;
+	if (cm->has_dual_dac) {
+		if ((err = snd_cmipci_pcm2_new(cm, pcm_index)) < 0)
+			return err;
+		pcm_index++;
+	}
+	if (cm->can_ac3_hw || cm->can_ac3_sw) {
+		pcm_spdif_index = pcm_index;
+		if ((err = snd_cmipci_pcm_spdif_new(cm, pcm_index)) < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	/* create mixer interface & switches */
+	if ((err = snd_cmipci_mixer_new(cm, pcm_spdif_index)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	if (iomidi > 0) {
+		if ((err = snd_mpu401_uart_new(card, 0, MPU401_HW_CMIPCI,
+					       iomidi, 0,
+					       cm->irq, 0, &cm->rmidi)) < 0) {
+			printk(KERN_ERR "cmipci: no UART401 device at 0x%lx\n", iomidi);
+		}
+	}
+
+#ifdef USE_VAR48KRATE
+	for (val = 0; val < ARRAY_SIZE(rates); val++)
+		snd_cmipci_set_pll(cm, rates[val], val);
+
+	/*
+	 * (Re-)Enable external switch spdo_48k
+	 */
+	snd_cmipci_set_bit(cm, CM_REG_MISC_CTRL, CM_SPDIF48K|CM_SPDF_AC97);
+#endif /* USE_VAR48KRATE */
+
+	if (snd_cmipci_create_gameport(cm, dev) < 0)
+		snd_cmipci_clear_bit(cm, CM_REG_FUNCTRL1, CM_JYSTK_EN);
+
+	snd_card_set_dev(card, &pci->dev);
+
+	*rcmipci = cm;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ */
+
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pci, snd_cmipci_ids);
+
+static int __devinit snd_cmipci_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
+				      const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
+{
+	static int dev;
+	snd_card_t *card;
+	cmipci_t *cm;
+	int err;
+
+	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
+		return -ENODEV;
+	if (! enable[dev]) {
+		dev++;
+		return -ENOENT;
+	}
+
+	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
+	if (card == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	
+	switch (pci->device) {
+	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738:
+	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738B:
+		strcpy(card->driver, "CMI8738");
+		break;
+	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8338A:
+	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8338B:
+		strcpy(card->driver, "CMI8338");
+		break;
+	default:
+		strcpy(card->driver, "CMIPCI");
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if ((err = snd_cmipci_create(card, pci, dev, &cm)) < 0) {
+		snd_card_free(card);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	sprintf(card->shortname, "C-Media PCI %s", card->driver);
+	sprintf(card->longname, "%s (model %d) at 0x%lx, irq %i",
+		card->shortname,
+		cm->chip_version,
+		cm->iobase,
+		cm->irq);
+
+	//snd_printd("%s is detected\n", card->longname);
+
+	if ((err = snd_card_register(card)) < 0) {
+		snd_card_free(card);
+		return err;
+	}
+	pci_set_drvdata(pci, card);
+	dev++;
+	return 0;
+
+}
+
+static void __devexit snd_cmipci_remove(struct pci_dev *pci)
+{
+	snd_card_free(pci_get_drvdata(pci));
+	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static struct pci_driver driver = {
+	.name = "C-Media PCI",
+	.id_table = snd_cmipci_ids,
+	.probe = snd_cmipci_probe,
+	.remove = __devexit_p(snd_cmipci_remove),
+};
+	
+static int __init alsa_card_cmipci_init(void)
+{
+	return pci_module_init(&driver);
+}
+
+static void __exit alsa_card_cmipci_exit(void)
+{
+	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
+}
+
+module_init(alsa_card_cmipci_init)
+module_exit(alsa_card_cmipci_exit)