diff --git a/fs/exec.c b/fs/exec.c
index 19f4fb8..4f2bebc 100644
--- a/fs/exec.c
+++ b/fs/exec.c
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@
 	 * process cleanup to remove whatever mess we made.
 	 */
 	if (length != move_page_tables(vma, old_start,
-				       vma, new_start, length))
+				       vma, new_start, length, false))
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	lru_add_drain();
diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index 0e6f9c9..0d5f823 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -1060,7 +1060,8 @@
 
 extern unsigned long move_page_tables(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		unsigned long old_addr, struct vm_area_struct *new_vma,
-		unsigned long new_addr, unsigned long len);
+		unsigned long new_addr, unsigned long len,
+		bool need_rmap_locks);
 extern unsigned long do_mremap(unsigned long addr,
 			       unsigned long old_len, unsigned long new_len,
 			       unsigned long flags, unsigned long new_addr);
@@ -1410,7 +1411,8 @@
 	struct rb_node **, struct rb_node *);
 extern void unlink_file_vma(struct vm_area_struct *);
 extern struct vm_area_struct *copy_vma(struct vm_area_struct **,
-	unsigned long addr, unsigned long len, pgoff_t pgoff);
+	unsigned long addr, unsigned long len, pgoff_t pgoff,
+	bool *need_rmap_locks);
 extern void exit_mmap(struct mm_struct *);
 
 extern int mm_take_all_locks(struct mm_struct *mm);
diff --git a/mm/mmap.c b/mm/mmap.c
index 8124899..2d94235 100644
--- a/mm/mmap.c
+++ b/mm/mmap.c
@@ -2371,7 +2371,8 @@
  * prior to moving page table entries, to effect an mremap move.
  */
 struct vm_area_struct *copy_vma(struct vm_area_struct **vmap,
-	unsigned long addr, unsigned long len, pgoff_t pgoff)
+	unsigned long addr, unsigned long len, pgoff_t pgoff,
+	bool *need_rmap_locks)
 {
 	struct vm_area_struct *vma = *vmap;
 	unsigned long vma_start = vma->vm_start;
@@ -2413,8 +2414,9 @@
 			 * linear if there are no pages mapped yet.
 			 */
 			VM_BUG_ON(faulted_in_anon_vma);
-			*vmap = new_vma;
+			*vmap = vma = new_vma;
 		}
+		*need_rmap_locks = (new_vma->vm_pgoff <= vma->vm_pgoff);
 	} else {
 		new_vma = kmem_cache_alloc(vm_area_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
 		if (new_vma) {
@@ -2434,6 +2436,7 @@
 			if (new_vma->vm_ops && new_vma->vm_ops->open)
 				new_vma->vm_ops->open(new_vma);
 			vma_link(mm, new_vma, prev, rb_link, rb_parent);
+			*need_rmap_locks = false;
 		}
 	}
 	return new_vma;
diff --git a/mm/mremap.c b/mm/mremap.c
index 5588bb6..3b639a4 100644
--- a/mm/mremap.c
+++ b/mm/mremap.c
@@ -71,26 +71,42 @@
 static void move_ptes(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *old_pmd,
 		unsigned long old_addr, unsigned long old_end,
 		struct vm_area_struct *new_vma, pmd_t *new_pmd,
-		unsigned long new_addr)
+		unsigned long new_addr, bool need_rmap_locks)
 {
 	struct address_space *mapping = NULL;
-	struct anon_vma *anon_vma = vma->anon_vma;
+	struct anon_vma *anon_vma = NULL;
 	struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
 	pte_t *old_pte, *new_pte, pte;
 	spinlock_t *old_ptl, *new_ptl;
 
-	if (vma->vm_file) {
-		/*
-		 * Subtle point from Rajesh Venkatasubramanian: before
-		 * moving file-based ptes, we must lock truncate_pagecache
-		 * out, since it might clean the dst vma before the src vma,
-		 * and we propagate stale pages into the dst afterward.
-		 */
-		mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping;
-		mutex_lock(&mapping->i_mmap_mutex);
+	/*
+	 * When need_rmap_locks is true, we take the i_mmap_mutex and anon_vma
+	 * locks to ensure that rmap will always observe either the old or the
+	 * new ptes. This is the easiest way to avoid races with
+	 * truncate_pagecache(), page migration, etc...
+	 *
+	 * When need_rmap_locks is false, we use other ways to avoid
+	 * such races:
+	 *
+	 * - During exec() shift_arg_pages(), we use a specially tagged vma
+	 *   which rmap call sites look for using is_vma_temporary_stack().
+	 *
+	 * - During mremap(), new_vma is often known to be placed after vma
+	 *   in rmap traversal order. This ensures rmap will always observe
+	 *   either the old pte, or the new pte, or both (the page table locks
+	 *   serialize access to individual ptes, but only rmap traversal
+	 *   order guarantees that we won't miss both the old and new ptes).
+	 */
+	if (need_rmap_locks) {
+		if (vma->vm_file) {
+			mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping;
+			mutex_lock(&mapping->i_mmap_mutex);
+		}
+		if (vma->anon_vma) {
+			anon_vma = vma->anon_vma;
+			anon_vma_lock(anon_vma);
+		}
 	}
-	if (anon_vma)
-		anon_vma_lock(anon_vma);
 
 	/*
 	 * We don't have to worry about the ordering of src and dst
@@ -127,7 +143,8 @@
 
 unsigned long move_page_tables(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		unsigned long old_addr, struct vm_area_struct *new_vma,
-		unsigned long new_addr, unsigned long len)
+		unsigned long new_addr, unsigned long len,
+		bool need_rmap_locks)
 {
 	unsigned long extent, next, old_end;
 	pmd_t *old_pmd, *new_pmd;
@@ -174,7 +191,7 @@
 		if (extent > LATENCY_LIMIT)
 			extent = LATENCY_LIMIT;
 		move_ptes(vma, old_pmd, old_addr, old_addr + extent,
-				new_vma, new_pmd, new_addr);
+			  new_vma, new_pmd, new_addr, need_rmap_locks);
 		need_flush = true;
 	}
 	if (likely(need_flush))
@@ -198,6 +215,7 @@
 	unsigned long hiwater_vm;
 	int split = 0;
 	int err;
+	bool need_rmap_locks;
 
 	/*
 	 * We'd prefer to avoid failure later on in do_munmap:
@@ -219,18 +237,21 @@
 		return err;
 
 	new_pgoff = vma->vm_pgoff + ((old_addr - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
-	new_vma = copy_vma(&vma, new_addr, new_len, new_pgoff);
+	new_vma = copy_vma(&vma, new_addr, new_len, new_pgoff,
+			   &need_rmap_locks);
 	if (!new_vma)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	moved_len = move_page_tables(vma, old_addr, new_vma, new_addr, old_len);
+	moved_len = move_page_tables(vma, old_addr, new_vma, new_addr, old_len,
+				     need_rmap_locks);
 	if (moved_len < old_len) {
 		/*
 		 * On error, move entries back from new area to old,
 		 * which will succeed since page tables still there,
 		 * and then proceed to unmap new area instead of old.
 		 */
-		move_page_tables(new_vma, new_addr, vma, old_addr, moved_len);
+		move_page_tables(new_vma, new_addr, vma, old_addr, moved_len,
+				 true);
 		vma = new_vma;
 		old_len = new_len;
 		old_addr = new_addr;