| I2C device driver binding control from user-space | 
 | ================================================= | 
 |  | 
 | Up to kernel 2.6.32, many i2c drivers used helper macros provided by | 
 | <linux/i2c.h> which created standard module parameters to let the user | 
 | control how the driver would probe i2c buses and attach to devices. These | 
 | parameters were known as "probe" (to let the driver probe for an extra | 
 | address), "force" (to forcibly attach the driver to a given device) and | 
 | "ignore" (to prevent a driver from probing a given address). | 
 |  | 
 | With the conversion of the i2c subsystem to the standard device driver | 
 | binding model, it became clear that these per-module parameters were no | 
 | longer needed, and that a centralized implementation was possible. The new, | 
 | sysfs-based interface is described in the documentation file | 
 | "instantiating-devices", section "Method 4: Instantiate from user-space". | 
 |  | 
 | Below is a mapping from the old module parameters to the new interface. | 
 |  | 
 | Attaching a driver to an I2C device | 
 | ----------------------------------- | 
 |  | 
 | Old method (module parameters): | 
 | # modprobe <driver> probe=1,0x2d | 
 | # modprobe <driver> force=1,0x2d | 
 | # modprobe <driver> force_<device>=1,0x2d | 
 |  | 
 | New method (sysfs interface): | 
 | # echo <device> 0x2d > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-1/new_device | 
 |  | 
 | Preventing a driver from attaching to an I2C device | 
 | --------------------------------------------------- | 
 |  | 
 | Old method (module parameters): | 
 | # modprobe <driver> ignore=1,0x2f | 
 |  | 
 | New method (sysfs interface): | 
 | # echo dummy 0x2f > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-1/new_device | 
 | # modprobe <driver> | 
 |  | 
 | Of course, it is important to instantiate the "dummy" device before loading | 
 | the driver. The dummy device will be handled by i2c-core itself, preventing | 
 | other drivers from binding to it later on. If there is a real device at the | 
 | problematic address, and you want another driver to bind to it, then simply | 
 | pass the name of the device in question instead of "dummy". |