arch/arm/mm/mmu.c

/*
 *  linux/arch/arm/mm/mmu.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 */
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>
#include <linux/sort.h>

#include <asm/cputype.h>
#include <asm/mach-types.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/cachetype.h>
#include <asm/setup.h>
#include <asm/sizes.h>
#include <asm/smp_plat.h>
#include <asm/tlb.h>
#include <asm/highmem.h>

#include <asm/mach/arch.h>
#include <asm/mach/map.h>

#include "mm.h"

DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mmu_gather, mmu_gathers);

/*
 * empty_zero_page is a special page that is used for
 * zero-initialized data and COW.
 */
struct page *empty_zero_page;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(empty_zero_page);

/*
 * The pmd table for the upper-most set of pages.
 */
pmd_t *top_pmd;

#define CPOLICY_UNCACHED	0
#define CPOLICY_BUFFERED	1
#define CPOLICY_WRITETHROUGH	2
#define CPOLICY_WRITEBACK	3
#define CPOLICY_WRITEALLOC	4

static unsigned int cachepolicy __initdata = CPOLICY_WRITEBACK;
static unsigned int ecc_mask __initdata = 0;
pgprot_t pgprot_user;
pgprot_t pgprot_kernel;

EXPORT_SYMBOL(pgprot_user);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pgprot_kernel);

struct cachepolicy {
	const char	policy[16];
	unsigned int	cr_mask;
	unsigned int	pmd;
	unsigned int	pte;
};

static struct cachepolicy cache_policies[] __initdata = {
	{
		.policy		= "uncached",
		.cr_mask	= CR_W|CR_C,
		.pmd		= PMD_SECT_UNCACHED,
		.pte		= L_PTE_MT_UNCACHED,
	}, {
		.policy		= "buffered",
		.cr_mask	= CR_C,
		.pmd		= PMD_SECT_BUFFERED,
		.pte		= L_PTE_MT_BUFFERABLE,
	}, {
		.policy		= "writethrough",
		.cr_mask	= 0,
		.pmd		= PMD_SECT_WT,
		.pte		= L_PTE_MT_WRITETHROUGH,
	}, {
		.policy		= "writeback",
		.cr_mask	= 0,
		.pmd		= PMD_SECT_WB,
		.pte		= L_PTE_MT_WRITEBACK,
	}, {
		.policy		= "writealloc",
		.cr_mask	= 0,
		.pmd		= PMD_SECT_WBWA,
		.pte		= L_PTE_MT_WRITEALLOC,
	}
};

/*
 * These are useful for identifying cache coherency
 * problems by allowing the cache or the cache and
 * writebuffer to be turned off.  (Note: the write
 * buffer should not be on and the cache off).
 */
static int __init early_cachepolicy(char *p)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(cache_policies); i++) {
		int len = strlen(cache_policies[i].policy);

		if (memcmp(p, cache_policies[i].policy, len) == 0) {
			cachepolicy = i;
			cr_alignment &= ~cache_policies[i].cr_mask;
			cr_no_alignment &= ~cache_policies[i].cr_mask;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(cache_policies))
		printk(KERN_ERR "ERROR: unknown or unsupported cache policy\n");
	/*
	 * This restriction is partly to do with the way we boot; it is
	 * unpredictable to have memory mapped using two different sets of
	 * memory attributes (shared, type, and cache attribs).  We can not
	 * change these attributes once the initial assembly has setup the
	 * page tables.
	 */
	if (cpu_architecture() >= CPU_ARCH_ARMv6) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "Only cachepolicy=writeback supported on ARMv6 and later\n");
		cachepolicy = CPOLICY_WRITEBACK;
	}
	flush_cache_all();
	set_cr(cr_alignment);
	return 0;
}
early_param("cachepolicy", early_cachepolicy);

static int __init early_nocache(char *__unused)
{
	char *p = "buffered";
	printk(KERN_WARNING "nocache is deprecated; use cachepolicy=%s\n", p);
	early_cachepolicy(p);
	return 0;
}
early_param("nocache", early_nocache);

static int __init early_nowrite(char *__unused)
{
	char *p = "uncached";
	printk(KERN_WARNING "nowb is deprecated; use cachepolicy=%s\n", p);
	early_cachepolicy(p);
	return 0;
}
early_param("nowb", early_nowrite);

static int __init early_ecc(char *p)
{
	if (memcmp(p, "on", 2) == 0)
		ecc_mask = PMD_PROTECTION;
	else if (memcmp(p, "off", 3) == 0)
		ecc_mask = 0;
	return 0;
}
early_param("ecc", early_ecc);

static int __init noalign_setup(char *__unused)
{
	cr_alignment &= ~CR_A;
	cr_no_alignment &= ~CR_A;
	set_cr(cr_alignment);
	return 1;
}
__setup("noalign", noalign_setup);

#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
void adjust_cr(unsigned long mask, unsigned long set)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	mask &= ~CR_A;

	set &= mask;

	local_irq_save(flags);

	cr_no_alignment = (cr_no_alignment & ~mask) | set;
	cr_alignment = (cr_alignment & ~mask) | set;

	set_cr((get_cr() & ~mask) | set);

	local_irq_restore(flags);
}
#endif

#define PROT_PTE_DEVICE		L_PTE_PRESENT|L_PTE_YOUNG|L_PTE_DIRTY|L_PTE_WRITE
#define PROT_SECT_DEVICE	PMD_TYPE_SECT|PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE

static struct mem_type mem_types[] = {
	[MT_DEVICE] = {		  /* Strongly ordered / ARMv6 shared device */
		.prot_pte	= PROT_PTE_DEVICE | L_PTE_MT_DEV_SHARED |
				  L_PTE_SHARED,
		.prot_l1	= PMD_TYPE_TABLE,
		.prot_sect	= PROT_SECT_DEVICE | PMD_SECT_S,
		.domain		= DOMAIN_IO,
	},
	[MT_DEVICE_NONSHARED] = { /* ARMv6 non-shared device */
		.prot_pte	= PROT_PTE_DEVICE | L_PTE_MT_DEV_NONSHARED,
		.prot_l1	= PMD_TYPE_TABLE,
		.prot_sect	= PROT_SECT_DEVICE,
		.domain		= DOMAIN_IO,
	},
	[MT_DEVICE_CACHED] = {	  /* ioremap_cached */
		.prot_pte	= PROT_PTE_DEVICE | L_PTE_MT_DEV_CACHED,
		.prot_l1	= PMD_TYPE_TABLE,
		.prot_sect	= PROT_SECT_DEVICE | PMD_SECT_WB,
		.domain		= DOMAIN_IO,
	},	
	[MT_DEVICE_WC] = {	/* ioremap_wc */
		.prot_pte	= PROT_PTE_DEVICE | L_PTE_MT_DEV_WC,
		.prot_l1	= PMD_TYPE_TABLE,
		.prot_sect	= PROT_SECT_DEVICE,
		.domain		= DOMAIN_IO,
	},
	[MT_UNCACHED] = {
		.prot_pte	= PROT_PTE_DEVICE,
		.prot_l1	= PMD_TYPE_TABLE,
		.prot_sect	= PMD_TYPE_SECT | PMD_SECT_XN,
		.domain		= DOMAIN_IO,
	},
	[MT_CACHECLEAN] = {
		.prot_sect = PMD_TYPE_SECT | PMD_SECT_XN,
		.domain    = DOMAIN_KERNEL,
	},
	[MT_MINICLEAN] = {
		.prot_sect = PMD_TYPE_SECT | PMD_SECT_XN | PMD_SECT_MINICACHE,
		.domain    = DOMAIN_KERNEL,
	},
	[MT_LOW_VECTORS] = {
		.prot_pte  = L_PTE_PRESENT | L_PTE_YOUNG | L_PTE_DIRTY |
				L_PTE_EXEC,
		.prot_l1   = PMD_TYPE_TABLE,
		.domain    = DOMAIN_USER,
	},
	[MT_HIGH_VECTORS] = {
		.prot_pte  = L_PTE_PRESENT | L_PTE_YOUNG | L_PTE_DIRTY |
				L_PTE_USER | L_PTE_EXEC,
		.prot_l1   = PMD_TYPE_TABLE,
		.domain    = DOMAIN_USER,
	},
	[MT_MEMORY] = {
		.prot_sect = PMD_TYPE_SECT | PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.domain    = DOMAIN_KERNEL,
	},
	[MT_ROM] = {
		.prot_sect = PMD_TYPE_SECT,
		.domain    = DOMAIN_KERNEL,
	},
	[MT_MEMORY_NONCACHED] = {
		.prot_sect = PMD_TYPE_SECT | PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE,
		.domain    = DOMAIN_KERNEL,
	},
	[MT_MEMORY_DTCM] = {
		.prot_pte	= L_PTE_PRESENT | L_PTE_YOUNG |
		                  L_PTE_DIRTY | L_PTE_WRITE,
		.prot_l1	= PMD_TYPE_TABLE,
		.prot_sect	= PMD_TYPE_SECT | PMD_SECT_XN,
		.domain		= DOMAIN_KERNEL,
	},
	[MT_MEMORY_ITCM] = {
		.prot_pte  = L_PTE_PRESENT | L_PTE_YOUNG | L_PTE_DIRTY |
				L_PTE_USER | L_PTE_EXEC,
		.prot_l1   = PMD_TYPE_TABLE,
		.domain    = DOMAIN_IO,
	},
};

const struct mem_type *get_mem_type(unsigned int type)
{
	return type < ARRAY_SIZE(mem_types) ? &mem_types[type] : NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_mem_type);

/*
 * Adjust the PMD section entries according to the CPU in use.
 */
static void __init build_mem_type_table(void)
{
	struct cachepolicy *cp;
	unsigned int cr = get_cr();
	unsigned int user_pgprot, kern_pgprot, vecs_pgprot;
	int cpu_arch = cpu_architecture();
	int i;

	if (cpu_arch < CPU_ARCH_ARMv6) {
#if defined(CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_DISABLE)
		if (cachepolicy > CPOLICY_BUFFERED)
			cachepolicy = CPOLICY_BUFFERED;
#elif defined(CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_WRITETHROUGH)
		if (cachepolicy > CPOLICY_WRITETHROUGH)
			cachepolicy = CPOLICY_WRITETHROUGH;
#endif
	}
	if (cpu_arch < CPU_ARCH_ARMv5) {
		if (cachepolicy >= CPOLICY_WRITEALLOC)
			cachepolicy = CPOLICY_WRITEBACK;
		ecc_mask = 0;
	}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	cachepolicy = CPOLICY_WRITEALLOC;
#endif

	/*
	 * Strip out features not present on earlier architectures.
	 * Pre-ARMv5 CPUs don't have TEX bits.  Pre-ARMv6 CPUs or those
	 * without extended page tables don't have the 'Shared' bit.
	 */
	if (cpu_arch < CPU_ARCH_ARMv5)
		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(mem_types); i++)
			mem_types[i].prot_sect &= ~PMD_SECT_TEX(7);
	if ((cpu_arch < CPU_ARCH_ARMv6 || !(cr & CR_XP)) && !cpu_is_xsc3())
		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(mem_types); i++)
			mem_types[i].prot_sect &= ~PMD_SECT_S;

	/*
	 * ARMv5 and lower, bit 4 must be set for page tables (was: cache
	 * "update-able on write" bit on ARM610).  However, Xscale and
	 * Xscale3 require this bit to be cleared.
	 */
	if (cpu_is_xscale() || cpu_is_xsc3()) {
		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(mem_types); i++) {
			mem_types[i].prot_sect &= ~PMD_BIT4;
			mem_types[i].prot_l1 &= ~PMD_BIT4;
		}
	} else if (cpu_arch < CPU_ARCH_ARMv6) {
		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(mem_types); i++) {
			if (mem_types[i].prot_l1)
				mem_types[i].prot_l1 |= PMD_BIT4;
			if (mem_types[i].prot_sect)
				mem_types[i].prot_sect |= PMD_BIT4;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Mark the device areas according to the CPU/architecture.
	 */
	if (cpu_is_xsc3() || (cpu_arch >= CPU_ARCH_ARMv6 && (cr & CR_XP))) {
		if (!cpu_is_xsc3()) {
			/*
			 * Mark device regions on ARMv6+ as execute-never
			 * to prevent speculative instruction fetches.
			 */
			mem_types[MT_DEVICE].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_XN;
			mem_types[MT_DEVICE_NONSHARED].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_XN;
			mem_types[MT_DEVICE_CACHED].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_XN;
			mem_types[MT_DEVICE_WC].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_XN;
		}
		if (cpu_arch >= CPU_ARCH_ARMv7 && (cr & CR_TRE)) {
			/*
			 * For ARMv7 with TEX remapping,
			 * - shared device is SXCB=1100
			 * - nonshared device is SXCB=0100
			 * - write combine device mem is SXCB=0001
			 * (Uncached Normal memory)
			 */
			mem_types[MT_DEVICE].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_TEX(1);
			mem_types[MT_DEVICE_NONSHARED].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_TEX(1);
			mem_types[MT_DEVICE_WC].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_BUFFERABLE;
		} else if (cpu_is_xsc3()) {
			/*
			 * For Xscale3,
			 * - shared device is TEXCB=00101
			 * - nonshared device is TEXCB=01000
			 * - write combine device mem is TEXCB=00100
			 * (Inner/Outer Uncacheable in xsc3 parlance)
			 */
			mem_types[MT_DEVICE].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_TEX(1) | PMD_SECT_BUFFERED;
			mem_types[MT_DEVICE_NONSHARED].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_TEX(2);
			mem_types[MT_DEVICE_WC].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_TEX(1);
		} else {
			/*
			 * For ARMv6 and ARMv7 without TEX remapping,
			 * - shared device is TEXCB=00001
			 * - nonshared device is TEXCB=01000
			 * - write combine device mem is TEXCB=00100
			 * (Uncached Normal in ARMv6 parlance).
			 */
			mem_types[MT_DEVICE].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_BUFFERED;
			mem_types[MT_DEVICE_NONSHARED].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_TEX(2);
			mem_types[MT_DEVICE_WC].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_TEX(1);
		}
	} else {
		/*
		 * On others, write combining is "Uncached/Buffered"
		 */
		mem_types[MT_DEVICE_WC].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_BUFFERABLE;
	}

	/*
	 * Now deal with the memory-type mappings
	 */
	cp = &cache_policies[cachepolicy];
	vecs_pgprot = kern_pgprot = user_pgprot = cp->pte;

#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
	/*
	 * Only use write-through for non-SMP systems
	 */
	if (cpu_arch >= CPU_ARCH_ARMv5 && cachepolicy > CPOLICY_WRITETHROUGH)
		vecs_pgprot = cache_policies[CPOLICY_WRITETHROUGH].pte;
#endif

	/*
	 * Enable CPU-specific coherency if supported.
	 * (Only available on XSC3 at the moment.)
	 */
	if (arch_is_coherent() && cpu_is_xsc3())
		mem_types[MT_MEMORY].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_S;

	/*
	 * ARMv6 and above have extended page tables.
	 */
	if (cpu_arch >= CPU_ARCH_ARMv6 && (cr & CR_XP)) {
		/*
		 * Mark cache clean areas and XIP ROM read only
		 * from SVC mode and no access from userspace.
		 */
		mem_types[MT_ROM].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_APX|PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE;
		mem_types[MT_MINICLEAN].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_APX|PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE;
		mem_types[MT_CACHECLEAN].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_APX|PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE;

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
		/*
		 * Mark memory with the "shared" attribute for SMP systems
		 */
		user_pgprot |= L_PTE_SHARED;
		kern_pgprot |= L_PTE_SHARED;
		vecs_pgprot |= L_PTE_SHARED;
		mem_types[MT_DEVICE_WC].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_S;
		mem_types[MT_DEVICE_WC].prot_pte |= L_PTE_SHARED;
		mem_types[MT_DEVICE_CACHED].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_S;
		mem_types[MT_DEVICE_CACHED].prot_pte |= L_PTE_SHARED;
		mem_types[MT_MEMORY].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_S;
		mem_types[MT_MEMORY_NONCACHED].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_S;
#endif
	}

	/*
	 * Non-cacheable Normal - intended for memory areas that must
	 * not cause dirty cache line writebacks when used
	 */
	if (cpu_arch >= CPU_ARCH_ARMv6) {
		if (cpu_arch >= CPU_ARCH_ARMv7 && (cr & CR_TRE)) {
			/* Non-cacheable Normal is XCB = 001 */
			mem_types[MT_MEMORY_NONCACHED].prot_sect |=
				PMD_SECT_BUFFERED;
		} else {
			/* For both ARMv6 and non-TEX-remapping ARMv7 */
			mem_types[MT_MEMORY_NONCACHED].prot_sect |=
				PMD_SECT_TEX(1);
		}
	} else {
		mem_types[MT_MEMORY_NONCACHED].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_BUFFERABLE;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
		unsigned long v = pgprot_val(protection_map[i]);
		protection_map[i] = __pgprot(v | user_pgprot);
	}

	mem_types[MT_LOW_VECTORS].prot_pte |= vecs_pgprot;
	mem_types[MT_HIGH_VECTORS].prot_pte |= vecs_pgprot;

	pgprot_user   = __pgprot(L_PTE_PRESENT | L_PTE_YOUNG | user_pgprot);
	pgprot_kernel = __pgprot(L_PTE_PRESENT | L_PTE_YOUNG |
				 L_PTE_DIRTY | L_PTE_WRITE | kern_pgprot);

	mem_types[MT_LOW_VECTORS].prot_l1 |= ecc_mask;
	mem_types[MT_HIGH_VECTORS].prot_l1 |= ecc_mask;
	mem_types[MT_MEMORY].prot_sect |= ecc_mask | cp->pmd;
	mem_types[MT_ROM].prot_sect |= cp->pmd;

	switch (cp->pmd) {
	case PMD_SECT_WT:
		mem_types[MT_CACHECLEAN].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_WT;
		break;
	case PMD_SECT_WB:
	case PMD_SECT_WBWA:
		mem_types[MT_CACHECLEAN].prot_sect |= PMD_SECT_WB;
		break;
	}
	printk("Memory policy: ECC %sabled, Data cache %s\n",
		ecc_mask ? "en" : "dis", cp->policy);

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(mem_types); i++) {
		struct mem_type *t = &mem_types[i];
		if (t->prot_l1)
			t->prot_l1 |= PMD_DOMAIN(t->domain);
		if (t->prot_sect)
			t->prot_sect |= PMD_DOMAIN(t->domain);
	}
}

#define vectors_base()	(vectors_high() ? 0xffff0000 : 0)

static void __init alloc_init_pte(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
				  unsigned long end, unsigned long pfn,
				  const struct mem_type *type)
{
	pte_t *pte;

	if (pmd_none(*pmd)) {
		pte = alloc_bootmem_low_pages(2 * PTRS_PER_PTE * sizeof(pte_t));
		__pmd_populate(pmd, __pa(pte) | type->prot_l1);
	}

	pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, addr);
	do {
		set_pte_ext(pte, pfn_pte(pfn, __pgprot(type->prot_pte)), 0);
		pfn++;
	} while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
}

static void __init alloc_init_section(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
				      unsigned long end, unsigned long phys,
				      const struct mem_type *type)
{
	pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pgd, addr);

	/*
	 * Try a section mapping - end, addr and phys must all be aligned
	 * to a section boundary.  Note that PMDs refer to the individual
	 * L1 entries, whereas PGDs refer to a group of L1 entries making
	 * up one logical pointer to an L2 table.
	 */
	if (((addr | end | phys) & ~SECTION_MASK) == 0) {
		pmd_t *p = pmd;

		if (addr & SECTION_SIZE)
			pmd++;

		do {
			*pmd = __pmd(phys | type->prot_sect);
			phys += SECTION_SIZE;
		} while (pmd++, addr += SECTION_SIZE, addr != end);

		flush_pmd_entry(p);
	} else {
		/*
		 * No need to loop; pte's aren't interested in the
		 * individual L1 entries.
		 */
		alloc_init_pte(pmd, addr, end, __phys_to_pfn(phys), type);
	}
}

static void __init create_36bit_mapping(struct map_desc *md,
					const struct mem_type *type)
{
	unsigned long phys, addr, length, end;
	pgd_t *pgd;

	addr = md->virtual;
	phys = (unsigned long)__pfn_to_phys(md->pfn);
	length = PAGE_ALIGN(md->length);

	if (!(cpu_architecture() >= CPU_ARCH_ARMv6 || cpu_is_xsc3())) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "MM: CPU does not support supersection "
		       "mapping for 0x%08llx at 0x%08lx\n",
		       __pfn_to_phys((u64)md->pfn), addr);
		return;
	}

	/* N.B.	ARMv6 supersections are only defined to work with domain 0.
	 *	Since domain assignments can in fact be arbitrary, the
	 *	'domain == 0' check below is required to insure that ARMv6
	 *	supersections are only allocated for domain 0 regardless
	 *	of the actual domain assignments in use.
	 */
	if (type->domain) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "MM: invalid domain in supersection "
		       "mapping for 0x%08llx at 0x%08lx\n",
		       __pfn_to_phys((u64)md->pfn), addr);
		return;
	}

	if ((addr | length | __pfn_to_phys(md->pfn)) & ~SUPERSECTION_MASK) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "MM: cannot create mapping for "
		       "0x%08llx at 0x%08lx invalid alignment\n",
		       __pfn_to_phys((u64)md->pfn), addr);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Shift bits [35:32] of address into bits [23:20] of PMD
	 * (See ARMv6 spec).
	 */
	phys |= (((md->pfn >> (32 - PAGE_SHIFT)) & 0xF) << 20);

	pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
	end = addr + length;
	do {
		pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pgd, addr);
		int i;

		for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
			*pmd++ = __pmd(phys | type->prot_sect | PMD_SECT_SUPER);

		addr += SUPERSECTION_SIZE;
		phys += SUPERSECTION_SIZE;
		pgd += SUPERSECTION_SIZE >> PGDIR_SHIFT;
	} while (addr != end);
}

/*
 * Create the page directory entries and any necessary
 * page tables for the mapping specified by `md'.  We
 * are able to cope here with varying sizes and address
 * offsets, and we take full advantage of sections and
 * supersections.
 */
static void __init create_mapping(struct map_desc *md)
{
	unsigned long phys, addr, length, end;
	const struct mem_type *type;
	pgd_t *pgd;

	if (md->virtual != vectors_base() && md->virtual < TASK_SIZE) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "BUG: not creating mapping for "
		       "0x%08llx at 0x%08lx in user region\n",
		       __pfn_to_phys((u64)md->pfn), md->virtual);
		return;
	}

	if ((md->type == MT_DEVICE || md->type == MT_ROM) &&
	    md->virtual >= PAGE_OFFSET && md->virtual < VMALLOC_END) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "BUG: mapping for 0x%08llx at 0x%08lx "
		       "overlaps vmalloc space\n",
		       __pfn_to_phys((u64)md->pfn), md->virtual);
	}

	type = &mem_types[md->type];

	/*
	 * Catch 36-bit addresses
	 */
	if (md->pfn >= 0x100000) {
		create_36bit_mapping(md, type);
		return;
	}

	addr = md->virtual & PAGE_MASK;
	phys = (unsigned long)__pfn_to_phys(md->pfn);
	length = PAGE_ALIGN(md->length + (md->virtual & ~PAGE_MASK));

	if (type->prot_l1 == 0 && ((addr | phys | length) & ~SECTION_MASK)) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "BUG: map for 0x%08lx at 0x%08lx can not "
		       "be mapped using pages, ignoring.\n",
		       __pfn_to_phys(md->pfn), addr);
		return;
	}

	pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
	end = addr + length;
	do {
		unsigned long next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);

		alloc_init_section(pgd, addr, next, phys, type);

		phys += next - addr;
		addr = next;
	} while (pgd++, addr != end);
}

/*
 * Create the architecture specific mappings
 */
void __init iotable_init(struct map_desc *io_desc, int nr)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
		create_mapping(io_desc + i);
}

static unsigned long __initdata vmalloc_reserve = SZ_128M;

/*
 * vmalloc=size forces the vmalloc area to be exactly 'size'
 * bytes. This can be used to increase (or decrease) the vmalloc
 * area - the default is 128m.
 */
static int __init early_vmalloc(char *arg)
{
	vmalloc_reserve = memparse(arg, NULL);

	if (vmalloc_reserve < SZ_16M) {
		vmalloc_reserve = SZ_16M;
		printk(KERN_WARNING
			"vmalloc area too small, limiting to %luMB\n",
			vmalloc_reserve >> 20);
	}

	if (vmalloc_reserve > VMALLOC_END - (PAGE_OFFSET + SZ_32M)) {
		vmalloc_reserve = VMALLOC_END - (PAGE_OFFSET + SZ_32M);
		printk(KERN_WARNING
			"vmalloc area is too big, limiting to %luMB\n",
			vmalloc_reserve >> 20);
	}
	return 0;
}
early_param("vmalloc", early_vmalloc);

#define VMALLOC_MIN	(void *)(VMALLOC_END - vmalloc_reserve)

static void __init sanity_check_meminfo(void)
{
	int i, j, highmem = 0;

	for (i = 0, j = 0; i < meminfo.nr_banks; i++) {
		struct membank *bank = &meminfo.bank[j];
		*bank = meminfo.bank[i];

#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
		if (__va(bank->start) > VMALLOC_MIN ||
		    __va(bank->start) < (void *)PAGE_OFFSET)
			highmem = 1;

		bank->highmem = highmem;

		/*
		 * Split those memory banks which are partially overlapping
		 * the vmalloc area greatly simplifying things later.
		 */
		if (__va(bank->start) < VMALLOC_MIN &&
		    bank->size > VMALLOC_MIN - __va(bank->start)) {
			if (meminfo.nr_banks >= NR_BANKS) {
				printk(KERN_CRIT "NR_BANKS too low, "
						 "ignoring high memory\n");
			} else {
				memmove(bank + 1, bank,
					(meminfo.nr_banks - i) * sizeof(*bank));
				meminfo.nr_banks++;
				i++;
				bank[1].size -= VMALLOC_MIN - __va(bank->start);
				bank[1].start = __pa(VMALLOC_MIN - 1) + 1;
				bank[1].highmem = highmem = 1;
				j++;
			}
			bank->size = VMALLOC_MIN - __va(bank->start);
		}
#else
		bank->highmem = highmem;

		/*
		 * Check whether this memory bank would entirely overlap
		 * the vmalloc area.
		 */
		if (__va(bank->start) >= VMALLOC_MIN ||
		    __va(bank->start) < (void *)PAGE_OFFSET) {
			printk(KERN_NOTICE "Ignoring RAM at %.8lx-%.8lx "
			       "(vmalloc region overlap).\n",
			       bank->start, bank->start + bank->size - 1);
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * Check whether this memory bank would partially overlap
		 * the vmalloc area.
		 */
		if (__va(bank->start + bank->size) > VMALLOC_MIN ||
		    __va(bank->start + bank->size) < __va(bank->start)) {
			unsigned long newsize = VMALLOC_MIN - __va(bank->start);
			printk(KERN_NOTICE "Truncating RAM at %.8lx-%.8lx "
			       "to -%.8lx (vmalloc region overlap).\n",
			       bank->start, bank->start + bank->size - 1,
			       bank->start + newsize - 1);
			bank->size = newsize;
		}
#endif
		j++;
	}
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	if (highmem) {
		const char *reason = NULL;

		if (cache_is_vipt_aliasing()) {
			/*
			 * Interactions between kmap and other mappings
			 * make highmem support with aliasing VIPT caches
			 * rather difficult.
			 */
			reason = "with VIPT aliasing cache";
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
		} else if (tlb_ops_need_broadcast()) {
			/*
			 * kmap_high needs to occasionally flush TLB entries,
			 * however, if the TLB entries need to be broadcast
			 * we may deadlock:
			 *  kmap_high(irqs off)->flush_all_zero_pkmaps->
			 *  flush_tlb_kernel_range->smp_call_function_many
			 *   (must not be called with irqs off)
			 */
			reason = "without hardware TLB ops broadcasting";
#endif
		}
		if (reason) {
			printk(KERN_CRIT "HIGHMEM is not supported %s, ignoring high memory\n",
				reason);
			while (j > 0 && meminfo.bank[j - 1].highmem)
				j--;
		}
	}
#endif
	meminfo.nr_banks = j;
}

static inline void prepare_page_table(void)
{
	unsigned long addr;

	/*
	 * Clear out all the mappings below the kernel image.
	 */
	for (addr = 0; addr < MODULES_VADDR; addr += PGDIR_SIZE)
		pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr));

#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
	/* The XIP kernel is mapped in the module area -- skip over it */
	addr = ((unsigned long)_etext + PGDIR_SIZE - 1) & PGDIR_MASK;
#endif
	for ( ; addr < PAGE_OFFSET; addr += PGDIR_SIZE)
		pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr));

	/*
	 * Clear out all the kernel space mappings, except for the first
	 * memory bank, up to the end of the vmalloc region.
	 */
	for (addr = __phys_to_virt(bank_phys_end(&meminfo.bank[0]));
	     addr < VMALLOC_END; addr += PGDIR_SIZE)
		pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr));
}

/*
 * Reserve the various regions of node 0
 */
void __init reserve_node_zero(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
	unsigned long res_size = 0;

	/*
	 * Register the kernel text and data with bootmem.
	 * Note that this can only be in node 0.
	 */
#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
	reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, __pa(_data), _end - _data,
			BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
#else
	reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, __pa(_stext), _end - _stext,
			BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
#endif

	/*
	 * Reserve the page tables.  These are already in use,
	 * and can only be in node 0.
	 */
	reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, __pa(swapper_pg_dir),
			     PTRS_PER_PGD * sizeof(pgd_t), BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);

	/*
	 * Hmm... This should go elsewhere, but we really really need to
	 * stop things allocating the low memory; ideally we need a better
	 * implementation of GFP_DMA which does not assume that DMA-able
	 * memory starts at zero.
	 */
	if (machine_is_integrator() || machine_is_cintegrator())
		res_size = __pa(swapper_pg_dir) - PHYS_OFFSET;

	/*
	 * These should likewise go elsewhere.  They pre-reserve the
	 * screen memory region at the start of main system memory.
	 */
	if (machine_is_edb7211())
		res_size = 0x00020000;
	if (machine_is_p720t())
		res_size = 0x00014000;

	/* H1940, RX3715 and RX1950 need to reserve this for suspend */

	if (machine_is_h1940() || machine_is_rx3715()
		|| machine_is_rx1950()) {
		reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, 0x30003000, 0x1000,
				BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
		reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, 0x30081000, 0x1000,
				BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
	}

	if (machine_is_palmld() || machine_is_palmtx()) {
		reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, 0xa0000000, 0x1000,
				BOOTMEM_EXCLUSIVE);
		reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, 0xa0200000, 0x1000,
				BOOTMEM_EXCLUSIVE);
	}

	if (machine_is_treo680() || machine_is_centro()) {
		reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, 0xa0000000, 0x1000,
				BOOTMEM_EXCLUSIVE);
		reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, 0xa2000000, 0x1000,
				BOOTMEM_EXCLUSIVE);
	}

	if (machine_is_palmt5())
		reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, 0xa0200000, 0x1000,
				BOOTMEM_EXCLUSIVE);

	/*
	 * U300 - This platform family can share physical memory
	 * between two ARM cpus, one running Linux and the other
	 * running another OS.
	 */
	if (machine_is_u300()) {
#ifdef CONFIG_MACH_U300_SINGLE_RAM
#if ((CONFIG_MACH_U300_ACCESS_MEM_SIZE & 1) == 1) &&	\
	CONFIG_MACH_U300_2MB_ALIGNMENT_FIX
		res_size = 0x00100000;
#endif
#endif
	}

#ifdef CONFIG_SA1111
	/*
	 * Because of the SA1111 DMA bug, we want to preserve our
	 * precious DMA-able memory...
	 */
	res_size = __pa(swapper_pg_dir) - PHYS_OFFSET;
#endif
	if (res_size)
		reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, PHYS_OFFSET, res_size,
				BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
}

/*
 * Set up device the mappings.  Since we clear out the page tables for all
 * mappings above VMALLOC_END, we will remove any debug device mappings.
 * This means you have to be careful how you debug this function, or any
 * called function.  This means you can't use any function or debugging
 * method which may touch any device, otherwise the kernel _will_ crash.
 */
static void __init devicemaps_init(struct machine_desc *mdesc)
{
	struct map_desc map;
	unsigned long addr;
	void *vectors;

	/*
	 * Allocate the vector page early.
	 */
	vectors = alloc_bootmem_low_pages(PAGE_SIZE);

	for (addr = VMALLOC_END; addr; addr += PGDIR_SIZE)
		pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr));

	/*
	 * Map the kernel if it is XIP.
	 * It is always first in the modulearea.
	 */
#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
	map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR & SECTION_MASK);
	map.virtual = MODULES_VADDR;
	map.length = ((unsigned long)_etext - map.virtual + ~SECTION_MASK) & SECTION_MASK;
	map.type = MT_ROM;
	create_mapping(&map);
#endif

	/*
	 * Map the cache flushing regions.
	 */
#ifdef FLUSH_BASE
	map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(FLUSH_BASE_PHYS);
	map.virtual = FLUSH_BASE;
	map.length = SZ_1M;
	map.type = MT_CACHECLEAN;
	create_mapping(&map);
#endif
#ifdef FLUSH_BASE_MINICACHE
	map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(FLUSH_BASE_PHYS + SZ_1M);
	map.virtual = FLUSH_BASE_MINICACHE;
	map.length = SZ_1M;
	map.type = MT_MINICLEAN;
	create_mapping(&map);
#endif

	/*
	 * Create a mapping for the machine vectors at the high-vectors
	 * location (0xffff0000).  If we aren't using high-vectors, also
	 * create a mapping at the low-vectors virtual address.
	 */
	map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(virt_to_phys(vectors));
	map.virtual = 0xffff0000;
	map.length = PAGE_SIZE;
	map.type = MT_HIGH_VECTORS;
	create_mapping(&map);

	if (!vectors_high()) {
		map.virtual = 0;
		map.type = MT_LOW_VECTORS;
		create_mapping(&map);
	}

	/*
	 * Ask the machine support to map in the statically mapped devices.
	 */
	if (mdesc->map_io)
		mdesc->map_io();

	/*
	 * Finally flush the caches and tlb to ensure that we're in a
	 * consistent state wrt the writebuffer.  This also ensures that
	 * any write-allocated cache lines in the vector page are written
	 * back.  After this point, we can start to touch devices again.
	 */
	local_flush_tlb_all();
	flush_cache_all();
}

static void __init kmap_init(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
	pmd_t *pmd = pmd_off_k(PKMAP_BASE);
	pte_t *pte = alloc_bootmem_low_pages(2 * PTRS_PER_PTE * sizeof(pte_t));
	BUG_ON(!pmd_none(*pmd) || !pte);
	__pmd_populate(pmd, __pa(pte) | _PAGE_KERNEL_TABLE);
	pkmap_page_table = pte + PTRS_PER_PTE;
#endif
}

static inline void map_memory_bank(struct membank *bank)
{
	struct map_desc map;

	map.pfn = bank_pfn_start(bank);
	map.virtual = __phys_to_virt(bank_phys_start(bank));
	map.length = bank_phys_size(bank);
	map.type = MT_MEMORY;

	create_mapping(&map);
}

static void __init map_lowmem(void)
{
	struct meminfo *mi = &meminfo;
	int i;

	/* Map all the lowmem memory banks. */
	for (i = 0; i < mi->nr_banks; i++) {
		struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];

		if (!bank->highmem)
			map_memory_bank(bank);
	}
}

static int __init meminfo_cmp(const void *_a, const void *_b)
{
	const struct membank *a = _a, *b = _b;
	long cmp = bank_pfn_start(a) - bank_pfn_start(b);
	return cmp < 0 ? -1 : cmp > 0 ? 1 : 0;
}

/*
 * paging_init() sets up the page tables, initialises the zone memory
 * maps, and sets up the zero page, bad page and bad page tables.
 */
void __init paging_init(struct machine_desc *mdesc)
{
	void *zero_page;

	sort(&meminfo.bank, meminfo.nr_banks, sizeof(meminfo.bank[0]), meminfo_cmp, NULL);

	build_mem_type_table();
	sanity_check_meminfo();
	prepare_page_table();
	map_lowmem();
	bootmem_init();
	devicemaps_init(mdesc);
	kmap_init();

	top_pmd = pmd_off_k(0xffff0000);

	/*
	 * allocate the zero page.  Note that this always succeeds and
	 * returns a zeroed result.
	 */
	zero_page = alloc_bootmem_low_pages(PAGE_SIZE);
	empty_zero_page = virt_to_page(zero_page);
	__flush_dcache_page(NULL, empty_zero_page);
}

/*
 * In order to soft-boot, we need to insert a 1:1 mapping in place of
 * the user-mode pages.  This will then ensure that we have predictable
 * results when turning the mmu off
 */
void setup_mm_for_reboot(char mode)
{
	unsigned long base_pmdval;
	pgd_t *pgd;
	int i;

	/*
	 * We need to access to user-mode page tables here. For kernel threads
	 * we don't have any user-mode mappings so we use the context that we
	 * "borrowed".
	 */
	pgd = current->active_mm->pgd;

	base_pmdval = PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE | PMD_SECT_AP_READ | PMD_TYPE_SECT;
	if (cpu_architecture() <= CPU_ARCH_ARMv5TEJ && !cpu_is_xscale())
		base_pmdval |= PMD_BIT4;

	for (i = 0; i < FIRST_USER_PGD_NR + USER_PTRS_PER_PGD; i++, pgd++) {
		unsigned long pmdval = (i << PGDIR_SHIFT) | base_pmdval;
		pmd_t *pmd;

		pmd = pmd_off(pgd, i << PGDIR_SHIFT);
		pmd[0] = __pmd(pmdval);
		pmd[1] = __pmd(pmdval + (1 << (PGDIR_SHIFT - 1)));
		flush_pmd_entry(pmd);
	}

	local_flush_tlb_all();
}